glusterfs详解及kubernetes 搭建heketi-glusterfs

本文包含：

• gluster各存储卷详解、创建及使用

• gluster-kubernetes搭建glusterfs存储

  前言

  传统的运维中，往往需要管理员手动先在存储集群分配空间，然后才能挂载到应用中去。Kubernetes 的最新版中，dynamic provisioning 升级到了 beta ，并支持多种存储服务的动态预配置，从而可以更有效地利用存储环境中的存储容量，达到按需使用存储空间的目的。本文将介绍 dynamic provisioning 这一特性，并以 GlusterFS 为例，说明存储服务与 k8s 的对接。

  简介

                  ⚠️熟悉的小伙伴直接跳过啦

dynamic provisioning：
 存储是容器编排中非常重要的一部分。Kubernetes 从 v1.2 开始，提供了 dynamic provisioning 这一强大的特性，可以给集群提供按需分配的存储，并能支持包括 AWS-EBS、GCE-PD、Cinder-Openstack、Ceph、GlusterFS 等多种云存储。非官方支持的存储也可以通过编写 plugin 方式支持。
  在没有 dynamic provisioning 时，容器为了使用 Volume，需要预先在存储端分配好，这个过程往往是管理员手动的。在引入 dynamic provisioning 之后，Kubernetes 会根据容器所需的 volume 大小，通过调用存储服务的接口，动态地创建满足所需的存储。

Storageclass：
 管理员可以配置 storageclass，来描述所提供存储的类型。以 AWS-EBS 为例，管理员可以分别定义两种 storageclass：slow 和 fast。slow 对接 sc1(机械硬盘)，fast 对接 gp2（固态硬盘）。应用可以根据业务的性能需求，分别选择两种 storageclass。

Glusterfs：
 一个开源的分布式文件系统，具有强大的横向扩展能力，通过扩展能够支持数 PB 存储容量和处理数千客户端。GlusterFS 借助 TCP/IP 或 InfiniBandRDMA 网络将物理分布的存储资源聚集在一起，使用单一全局命名空间来管理数据。
⚠️Glusterfs架构中最大的设计特点是没有元数据服务器组件，也就是说没有主/从服务器之分，每一个节点都可以是主服务器

Heketi:
 Heketi（https://github.com/heketi/heketi），是一个基于 RESTful API 的 GlusterFS 卷管理框架。
 Heketi 可以方便地和云平台整合，提供 RESTful API 供 Kubernetes 调用，实现多 glusterfs 集群的卷管理。另外，heketi 还有保证 bricks 和它对应的副本均匀分布在集群中的不同可用区的优点。

gluster-kubernetes搭建glusterfs存储

 heketi官网推荐通过gluster-kubernetes搭建，生产环境可以直接利用gluster-kubernetes提供的脚本搭建，减小复杂度，个人观点，仁者见仁，智者见智

环境

• k8s 1.14.1
• 4 nodes with volume: /dev/vdb

• 1 master

  注意⚠️

  1. 至少需要3个kubernetes slave节点用来部署glusterfs集群，并且这3个slave节点每个节点需要至少一个空余的磁盘
  2. 查看是否运行内核模块lsmod |grep thin，每个kubernetes集群的节点运行modprobe dm_thin_pool，加载内核模块。

下载脚本

git clone https://github.com/gluster/gluster-kubernetes.git
cd xxx/gluster-kubernetes/deploy

修改topology.json

cp topology.json.sample topology.json
修改对应的主机名（nodes），ip，和数据卷

{
  "clusters": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "node": {
            "hostnames": {
              "manage": [
                "10.8.4.92"
              ],
              "storage": [
                "10.8.4.92"
              ]
            },
            "zone": 1
          },
          "devices": [
            "/dev/vdb"
          ]
        },
        {
          "node": {
            "hostnames": {
              "manage": [
                "10.8.4.93"
              ],
              "storage": [
                "10.8.4.93"
              ]
            },
            "zone": 1
          },
          "devices": [
            "/dev/vdb"
          ]
        },
        {
          "node": {
            "hostnames": {
              "manage": [
                "10.8.4.131"
              ],
              "storage": [
                "10.8.4.131"
              ]
            },
            "zone": 1
          },
          "devices": [
            "/dev/vdb"
          ]
        },
     {
          "node": {
            "hostnames": {
              "manage": [
                "10.8.4.132"
              ],
              "storage": [
                "10.8.4.132"
              ]
            },
            "zone": 1
          },
          "devices": [
            "/dev/vdb"
           ]
       }
     ]
    }
  ]
}

修改heketi.json.template

{
        "_port_comment": "Heketi Server Port Number",
        "port" : "8080",

        "_use_auth": "Enable JWT authorization. Please enable for deployment",
        "use_auth" : true, #开启用户认证

        "_jwt" : "Private keys for access",
        "jwt" : {
                "_admin" : "Admin has access to all APIs",
                "admin" : {
                        "key" : "adminkey" #管理员密码
                },
                "_user" : "User only has access to /volumes endpoint",
                "user" : {
                        "key" : "userkey" #用户密码
                }
        },

        "_glusterfs_comment": "GlusterFS Configuration",
        "glusterfs" : {

                "_executor_comment": "Execute plugin. Possible choices: mock, kubernetes, ssh",
                "executor" : "${HEKETI_EXECUTOR}",#本文搭建为kubernete方式

                "_db_comment": "Database file name",
                "db" : "/var/lib/heketi/heketi.db", #heketi数据存储

                "kubeexec" : {
                        "rebalance_on_expansion": true
                },

                "sshexec" : {
                        "rebalance_on_expansion": true,
                        "keyfile" : "/etc/heketi/private_key",
                        "port" : "${SSH_PORT}",
                        "user" : "${SSH_USER}",
                        "sudo" : ${SSH_SUDO}
                }
        },

        "backup_db_to_kube_secret": false
}

gk-deploy脚本概述

./gk-deploy -h概述

-g, --deploy-gluster #pod部署gluster使用
-s, --ssh-keyfile    #ssh方式管理gluster使用，/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
--admin-key ADMIN_KEY#管理员secret设置
--user-key USER_KEY  #用户secret设置
--abort              #删除heketi资源使用

vi gk-deploy脚本主要内容

• 创建资源
• 添加glusterfs设备节点
• 对heketi的存储进行挂载

⚠️想要深入理解脚本都做了什么，可以查看https://www.kubernetes.org.cn/3893.html

#添加glusterfs设备节点
heketi_cli="${CLI} exec -i ${heketi_pod} -- heketi-cli -s http://localhost:8080 --user admin --secret '${ADMIN_KEY}'"

  load_temp=$(mktemp)
  eval_output "${heketi_cli} topology load --json=/etc/heketi/topology.json 2>&1" | tee "${load_temp}"

执行脚本

⚠️Adding device时比较慢，耐心等待

kubectl create ns glusterfs
./gk-deploy -y -n glusterfs -g --user-key=userkey --admin-key=adminkey

Using namespace "glusterfs".
Checking that heketi pod is not running ... OK
serviceaccount "heketi-service-account" created
clusterrolebinding "heketi-sa-view" created
node "10.8.4.92" labeled
node "10.8.4.93" labeled
node "10.8.4.131" labeled
node "10.8.4.132" labeled
daemonset "glusterfs" created
Waiting for GlusterFS pods to start ... OK
service "deploy-heketi" created
deployment "deploy-heketi" created
Waiting for deploy-heketi pod to start ... OK
Creating cluster ... ID: 4cfe35ce3cdc64b8afb8dbc46cad0e09
Creating node 10.8.4.92 ... ID: 1d323ddf243fd4d8c7f0ed58eb0e2c0ab
Adding device /dev/vdb ... OK
Creating node 10.8.4.93 ... ID: 12df23f339dj4jf8jdk3oodd31ba9e12c52
Adding device /dev/vdb ... OK
Creating node 10.8.4.131 ... ID: 1c529sd3ewewed1286e29e260668a1
Adding device /dev/vdb ... OK
Creating node 10.8.4.132 ... ID: 12ff323cd1121232323fddf9e260668a1
Adding device /dev/vdb ... OK
heketi topology loaded.
Saving heketi-storage.json
secret "heketi-storage-secret" created
endpoints "heketi-storage-endpoints" created
service "heketi-storage-endpoints" created
job "heketi-storage-copy-job" created
service "deploy-heketi" deleted
job "heketi-storage-copy-job" deleted
deployment "deploy-heketi" deleted
secret "heketi-storage-secret" deleted
service "heketi" created
deployment "heketi" created
Waiting for heketi pod to start ... OK
heketi is now running and accessible via http://10.10.23.148:8080/
Ready to create and provide GlusterFS volumes.

kubectl get po -o wide -n glusterfs

[root@k8s1-master1 deploy]# export HEKETI_CLI_SERVER=$(kubectl get svc/heketi -n glusterfs --template 'http://{{.spec.clusterIP}}:{{(index .s
pec.ports 0).port}}')
[root@k8s1-master1 deploy]# echo $HEKETI_CLI_SERVER
http://10.0.0.131:8080
[root@k8s1-master1 deploy]# curl $HEKETI_CLI_SERVER/hello
Hello from Heketi

失败重试

kubectl delete -f kube-templates/deploy-heketi-deployment.yaml
kubectl delete -f kube-templates/heketi-deployment.yaml
kubectl delete -f kube-templates/heketi-service-account.yaml
kubectl delete -f kube-templates/glusterfs-daemonset.yaml
#每个节点执行
rm -rf /var/lib/heketi
rm -rf /var/lib/glusterd

问题：Unable to add device，尝试格式化vdb

#每个节点执行
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/vdb bs=1k count=1
blockdev --rereadpt /dev/vdb

其他错误排查

Connected状态

[root@k8s1-master2 ~]# kubectl exec -ti glusterfs-sb7l9 -n glusterfs bash
[root@k8s1-master2 /]# gluster peer status

Number of Peers: 3

Hostname: 10.8.4.93
Uuid: 52824c41-2fce-468a-b9c9-7c3827ed7a34
State: Peer in Cluster (Connected)

Hostname: 10.8.4.131
Uuid: 6a27b31f-dbd9-4de5-aefd-73c1ac9b81c5
State: Peer in Cluster (Connected)

Hostname: 10.8.4.132
Uuid: 7b7b53ff-af7f-49aa-b371-29dd1e784ad1
State: Peer in Cluster (Connected)

存储已经挂载

[root@k8s1-master2 ~]# kubectl exec -ti glusterfs-sb7l9 -n glusterfs bash
[root@k8s1-master2 /]# gluster volume info

Volume Name: heketidbstorage
Type: Replicate
Volume ID: 02fd891f-dd43-4c1b-a2ba-87e1be7c706f
Status: Started
Snapshot Count: 0
Number of Bricks: 1 x 3 = 3
Transport-type: tcp
Bricks:
Brick1: 10.8.4.132:/var/lib/heketi/mounts/vg_5634269dc08edd964032871801920f1e/brick_b980d3f5ce7b1b4314c4b57c8aaf35fa/brick
Brick2: 10.8.4.93:/var/lib/heketi/mounts/vg_1d2cf75ab474dd63edb917a78096e429/brick_b375443687051038234e50fe3cd5fe12/brick
Brick3: 10.8.4.92:/var/lib/heketi/mounts/vg_a5d145795d59c51d2335153880049760/brick_e8f9ec722a235448fbf6730c25d7441a/brick
Options Reconfigured:
user.heketi.id: dfed68e6dca82c7cd5911c8ddda7746b
transport.address-family: inet
nfs.disable: on
performance.client-io-threads: off

搭建StorageClass

vi storageclass-dev-glusterfs.yaml

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: heketi-secret
  namespace: glusterfs
data:
  # base64 encoded password. E.g.: echo -n "adminkey" | base64
  key: YWRtaW5rZXk=
type: kubernetes.io/glusterfs
---
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
  name: glusterfs
provisioner: kubernetes.io/glusterfs
parameters:
  resturl: "http://10.8.4.91:42951"
  clusterid: "364a0a72b3343c537c20db5576ffd46c"
  restauthenabled: "true"
  restuser: "admin"
  secretNamespace: "glusterfs"
  secretName: "heketi-secret"
  #restuserkey: "adminkey"
  gidMin: "40000"
  gidMax: "50000"
  volumetype: "none"

属性概述

• resturl ：heketi地址
• clusterid：heketi-cli --user admin --secret adminkey cluster list进入Podheketi-549c999b6f-5l8sp获取
• restauthenabled：是否开启认证
• restuser：用户
• secretName：密码

主要说下volumetype

• volumetype

   volumetype : The volume type and its parameters can be configured with this optional value. If the volume type is not mentioned, it’s up to the provisioner to decide the volume type.
   For example:
  Replica volume: volumetype: replicate:3 where ‘3’ is replica count.
  Disperse/EC volume: volumetype: disperse:4:2 where ‘4’ is data and ‘2’ is the redundancy count.
  Distribute volume: volumetype: none

• volumetype: disperse:4:2

  纠错卷，应该需要6台服务器，作者只有4台，实验volumetype: disperse:4:1，pv没有自动创建，但是手动创建volume是成功的，可进入Podglusterfs-5jzdh中执行，注意Type。

gluster volume create gv1 disperse 4 redundancy 1 10.8.4.92:/var/lib/heketi/mounts/gv1 10.8.4.93:/var/lib/heketi/mounts/gv1 10.8.4.131:/var/lib/heketi/mounts/gv1 10.8.4.132:/var/lib/heketi/mounts/gv1

gluster volume start gv1

gluster volume info

输出如下

Volume Name: gv2
Type: Disperse
Volume ID: e072f9fa-6139-4471-a163-0e0dde0265ef
Status: Started
Snapshot Count: 0
Number of Bricks: 1 x (3 + 1) = 4
Transport-type: tcp
Bricks:
Brick1: 10.8.4.92:/var/lib/heketi/mounts/gv2
Brick2: 10.8.4.93:/var/lib/heketi/mounts/gv2
Brick3: 10.8.4.131:/var/lib/heketi/mounts/gv2
Brick4: 10.8.4.132:/var/lib/heketi/mounts/gv2
Options Reconfigured:
transport.address-family: inet
nfs.disable: on

• volumetype: replicate:3

  创建3个副本，复制卷模式，耗资源，但是一个磁盘算坏或节点宕机可以正常使用，gluster volume info查看如下,注意Type

Volume Name: vol_d78f449dbeab2286267c7e1842086a8f
Type: Replicate
Volume ID: 02fd891f-dd43-4c1b-a2ba-87e1be7c706f
Status: Started
Snapshot Count: 0
Number of Bricks: 1 x 3 = 3
Transport-type: tcp
Bricks:
Brick1: 10.8.4.132:/var/lib/heketi/mounts/vg_5634269dc08edd964032871801920f1e/brick_b980d3f5ce7b1b4314c4b57c8aaf35fa/brick
Brick2: 10.8.4.93:/var/lib/heketi/mounts/vg_1d2cf75ab474dd63edb917a78096e429/brick_b375443687051038234e50fe3cd5fe12/brick
Brick3: 10.8.4.92:/var/lib/heketi/mounts/vg_a5d145795d59c51d2335153880049760/brick_e8f9ec722a235448fbf6730c25d7441a/brick
Options Reconfigured:
user.heketi.id: dfed68e6dca82c7cd5911c8ddda7746b
transport.address-family: inet
nfs.disable: on
performance.client-io-threads: off

• volumetype: none

  分布式卷，通过hash算法分布到一个brick上，磁盘算坏或节点宕机不可使用，gluster volume info查看如下,注意Type

Volume Name: vol_e1b27d580cbe18a96b0fdf7cbfe69cc2
Type: Distribute
Volume ID: cb4a7e4f-3850-4809-b159-fc8000527d71
Status: Started
Snapshot Count: 0
Number of Bricks: 1
Transport-type: tcp
Bricks:
Brick1: 10.8.4.93:/var/lib/heketi/mounts/vg_1d2cf75ab474dd63edb917a78096e429/brick_8f62218753db589204b753295a318795/brick
Options Reconfigured:
user.heketi.id: e1b27d580cbe18a96b0fdf7cbfe69cc2
transport.address-family: inet
nfs.disable: on

创建pvc

vi glusterfs-pv.yaml

---
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: glusterfs
  annotations:
    volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class: "glusterfs"
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 1Gi

亲爱的朋友，您应该根据具体情况作出选择，想要继续了解存储卷模式，和使用方式，请查看《GlusterFs卷类型分析及创建、使用（结合kubernetes集群分析)》（排好版后上传）
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