Android开发：原生+H5之：Android webview配置
在上一篇文章Android 原生开发、H5、React-Native开发特点，我们可以了解到三种Android开发方式的区别和优缺点。[Android开发：原生+H5]系列的文章，将主要讲解Android原生+H5开发相关，这一节主要是Android原生+H5开发时要使用WebView，要使WebView正确的显示加载H5页面和功能需要做相关的配置。
AndroidManifest权限添加
请一定、务必在AndroidManifest中添加如下权限，否则是无法正常打开显示H5页面的。
这个一定要单独拿出来强调一下，以防你其他代码啊，配置啊什么的都写好了，但就是不显示，然后你就各种找问题，发愁，恼怒，耽误时间。因为楼主就曾经犯过这样的错误，真的被自己粗心蠢哭，哭哭哭……
"android.permission.INTERNET"/> WebView使用步骤
1. 添加AndroidManifest权限。
"android.permission.INTERNET"/> 2. 布局文件
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context="com.app.www.webapp.SecondActivity">
<WebView
android:id="@+id/webView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
LinearLayout>3. 获取WebView对象
webView = this.findViewById(R.id.webView);4. WebSettings配置WebView。下面有具体的配置说明。
5. 设置加载地址。
this.webView.loadUrl(url); 到这一步为止，WebView就可以正常的显示了，如果我们想要对WebView做进一步的监听处理，就需要下面的设置。
6. 设置WebViewClient。 WebViewClient主要是监听WebView加载进程，平常我们对webview加载的处理，例如加一些进度条、跳转设置之类的都是通过WebViewClient类完成。在下面我们会讲到。
7. 设置WebChromeClient。 有时候我们不想原生去调用手机的拍照和相册，如果我们想要用H5去掉用的话，我们需要去重新WebChromeClient类，并进行设置，这样H5才能成功的调用拍照和相册。下面会细讲。
WebSettings类配置
/**支持Js**/
setting.setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
/**设置自适应屏幕，两者合用**/
//将图片调整到适合webview的大小
setting.setUseWideViewPort(true);
// 缩放至屏幕的大小
setting.setLoadWithOverviewMode(true);
/**缩放操作**/
// 是否支持画面缩放，默认不支持
setting.setBuiltInZoomControls(true);
setting.setSupportZoom(true);
// 是否显示缩放图标，默认显示
setting.setDisplayZoomControls(false);
// 设置网页内容自适应屏幕大小
setting.setLayoutAlgorithm(WebSettings.LayoutAlgorithm.SINGLE_COLUMN);
/**设置允许JS弹窗**/
setting.setJavaScriptCanOpenWindowsAutomatically(true);
setting.setDomStorageEnabled(true);
/**关闭webview中缓存**/
setting.setCacheMode(WebSettings.LOAD_NO_CACHE);
/**设置可以访问文件 **/
setting.setAllowFileAccess(true);
setting.setAllowFileAccessFromFileURLs(true);
setting.setAllowUniversalAccessFromFileURLs(true);WebViewClient类
如果不进行设置WebViewClient的话，我们的WebView通常会跳转到手机自带的浏览器去进行显示，但是我们想要的是在app内显示，所以我们需要对WebViewClient进行设置。对这个类的使用我们之前在 Android 网络连接——WebView这篇文章中也讲过，这里我就只复制一下。
WebView加载失败设置
我们在使用浏览器时，我们经常会看到，如果页面加载失败会出现一个提示的页面。我们自己的浏览器当然也少不了这个功能。设置加载页面失败调用WebView的setWebViewClient()方法，传入匿名WebViewClient对象，重写onReceivedError()方法，在该方法内进行处理。
webView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient() {
/*
网络连接错误时调用
*/
@Override
public void onReceivedError(WebView view, int errorCode, String description, String failingUrl){
super.onReceivedError(view, errorCode, description, failingUrl);
}
});WebView网页加载进度条显示
webView.setWebChromeClient(new WebChromeClient() {
@Override
public void onProgressChanged(WebView view, int newProgress) {
super.onProgressChanged(view, newProgress);
progressBar.setProgress(newProgress);//网络加载时设置进度条进度
}
});
webView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient() {
/*
网络开始加载时调用
*/
@Override
public void onPageStarted(WebView view, String url, Bitmap favicon) {
super.onPageStarted(view, url, favicon);
progressBar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);//设置显示进度条
}
/*
网络加载结束时调用
*/
@Override
public void onPageFinished(WebView view, String url) {
super.onPageFinished(view, url);
progressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE);//设置去除进度条
}
});WebChromeClient类
H5想要调用我们手机的相册和拍照，直接调用是不行的，我们必须在WebView设置中进行设置。重写WebChromeClient类。
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ClipData;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.Parcelable;
import android.provider.DocumentsContract;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.KeyEvent;
import android.webkit.ValueCallback;
import android.webkit.WebChromeClient;
import android.webkit.WebSettings;
import android.webkit.WebView;
import android.webkit.WebViewClient;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import static android.view.KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK;
public class SecondActivity extends Activity {
private WebView webView;
private Intent intent;
private String url;
/**
* 表单的数据信息
*/
private ValueCallback mUploadMessage;
private ValueCallback mUploadCallbackAboveL;
/**
* 表单的结果回调
*/
private final static int FILECHOOSER_RESULTCODE = 1;
private Uri imageUri;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_second);
intent = getIntent();
url = intent.getStringExtra("url");
Toast.makeText(this, url, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
webView = this.findViewById(R.id.webView);
initWebView();
// this.webView.loadUrl("http://192.168.1.105:8099/photo");
webView.loadUrl(url);
webView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient() {
@Override
public boolean shouldOverrideUrlLoading(WebView view, String url) {
return super.shouldOverrideUrlLoading(view, url);
}
@Override
public void onPageStarted(WebView view, String url, Bitmap favicon) {
super.onPageStarted(view, url, favicon);
}
@Override
public void onPageFinished(WebView view, String url) {
super.onPageFinished(view, url);
}
});
webView.setWebChromeClient(new OpenFileChromeClient());
}
public class OpenFileChromeClient extends WebChromeClient {
@Override
public boolean onShowFileChooser(WebView webView,
ValueCallback filePathCallback,
FileChooserParams fileChooserParams) {
mUploadCallbackAboveL = filePathCallback;
take();
return true;
}
/**
* Android < 3.0 调用这个方法
*
* @param uploadMsg
*/
public void openFileChooser(ValueCallback uploadMsg) {
mUploadMessage = uploadMsg;
take();
}
/**
* Android < 3.0 调用这个方法
*
* @param uploadMsg
* @param acceptType
*/
public void openFileChooser(ValueCallback uploadMsg, String acceptType) {
mUploadMessage = uploadMsg;
take();
}
/**
* Android > 4.1.1 调用这个方法
*
* @param uploadMsg
* @param acceptType
* @param capture
*/
public void openFileChooser(ValueCallback uploadMsg, String acceptType, String capture) {
mUploadMessage = uploadMsg;
take();
}
}
private void initWebView() {
WebSettings setting = webView.getSettings();
/**支持Js**/
setting.setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
/**设置自适应屏幕，两者合用**/
//将图片调整到适合webview的大小
setting.setUseWideViewPort(true);
// 缩放至屏幕的大小
setting.setLoadWithOverviewMode(true);
/**缩放操作**/
// 是否支持画面缩放，默认不支持
setting.setBuiltInZoomControls(true);
setting.setSupportZoom(true);
// 是否显示缩放图标，默认显示
setting.setDisplayZoomControls(false);
// 设置网页内容自适应屏幕大小
setting.setLayoutAlgorithm(WebSettings.LayoutAlgorithm.SINGLE_COLUMN);
/**设置允许JS弹窗**/
setting.setJavaScriptCanOpenWindowsAutomatically(true);
setting.setDomStorageEnabled(true);
/**关闭webview中缓存**/
setting.setCacheMode(WebSettings.LOAD_NO_CACHE);
/**设置可以访问文件 **/
setting.setAllowFileAccess(true);
setting.setAllowFileAccessFromFileURLs(true);
setting.setAllowUniversalAccessFromFileURLs(true);
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
if (requestCode == FILECHOOSER_RESULTCODE) {
if (null == mUploadMessage && null == mUploadCallbackAboveL) return;
Uri result = data == null || resultCode != RESULT_OK ? null : data.getData();
if (mUploadCallbackAboveL != null) {
onActivityResultAboveL(requestCode, resultCode, data);
} else if (mUploadMessage != null) {
if (result != null) {
String path = getPath(getApplicationContext(),
result);
Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(new File(path));
mUploadMessage
.onReceiveValue(uri);
} else {
mUploadMessage.onReceiveValue(imageUri);
}
mUploadMessage = null;
}
}
}
@Override
public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
if ((keyCode == KEYCODE_BACK) && webView.canGoBack()) {
webView.goBack();
return true;
}
return super.onKeyDown(keyCode, event);
}
@SuppressWarnings("null")
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.BASE)
private void onActivityResultAboveL(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
if (requestCode != FILECHOOSER_RESULTCODE
|| mUploadCallbackAboveL == null) {
return;
}
Uri[] results = null;
if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
if (data == null) {
results = new Uri[]{imageUri};
} else {
String dataString = data.getDataString();
ClipData clipData = data.getClipData();
if (clipData != null) {
results = new Uri[clipData.getItemCount()];
for (int i = 0; i < clipData.getItemCount(); i++) {
ClipData.Item item = clipData.getItemAt(i);
results[i] = item.getUri();
}
}
if (dataString != null)
results = new Uri[]{Uri.parse(dataString)};
}
}
if (results != null) {
mUploadCallbackAboveL.onReceiveValue(results);
mUploadCallbackAboveL = null;
} else {
results = new Uri[]{imageUri};
mUploadCallbackAboveL.onReceiveValue(results);
mUploadCallbackAboveL = null;
}
return;
}
private void take() {
File imageStorageDir = new File(Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES), "MyApp");
// Create the storage directory if it does not exist
if (!imageStorageDir.exists()) {
imageStorageDir.mkdirs();
}
File file = new File(imageStorageDir + File.separator + "IMG_" + String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()) + ".jpg");
imageUri = Uri.fromFile(file);
final List cameraIntents = new ArrayList();
final Intent captureIntent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
final PackageManager packageManager = getPackageManager();
final List listCam = packageManager.queryIntentActivities(captureIntent, 0);
for (ResolveInfo res : listCam) {
final String packageName = res.activityInfo.packageName;
final Intent i = new Intent(captureIntent);
i.setComponent(new ComponentName(res.activityInfo.packageName, res.activityInfo.name));
i.setPackage(packageName);
i.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);
cameraIntents.add(i);
}
Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
i.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
i.setType("image/*");
Intent chooserIntent = Intent.createChooser(i, "Image Chooser");
chooserIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_INITIAL_INTENTS, cameraIntents.toArray(new Parcelable[]{}));
SecondActivity.this.startActivityForResult(chooserIntent, FILECHOOSER_RESULTCODE);
}
@SuppressLint("NewApi")
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT)
public static String getPath(final Context context, final Uri uri) {
final boolean isKitKat = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT;
// DocumentProvider
if (isKitKat && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {
// ExternalStorageProvider
if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {
final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
final String[] split = docId.split(":");
final String type = split[0];
if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
}
// TODO handle non-primary volumes
}
// DownloadsProvider
else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {
final String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
final Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(id));
return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null);
}
// MediaProvider
else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {
final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
final String[] split = docId.split(":");
final String type = split[0];
Uri contentUri = null;
if ("image".equals(type)) {
contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
} else if ("video".equals(type)) {
contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
} else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
}
final String selection = "_id=?";
final String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{split[1]};
return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);
}
}
// MediaStore (and general)
else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
return getDataColumn(context, uri, null, null);
}
// File
else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
return uri.getPath();
}
return null;
}
/**
* Get the value of the data column for this Uri. This is useful for
* MediaStore Uris, and other file-based ContentProviders.
*
* @param context The context.
* @param uri The Uri to query.
* @param selection (Optional) Filter used in the query.
* @param selectionArgs (Optional) Selection arguments used in the query.
* @return The value of the _data column, which is typically a file path.
*/
public static String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
Cursor cursor = null;
final String column = "_data";
final String[] projection = {column};
try {
cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null);
if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
final int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);
return cursor.getString(column_index);
}
} finally {
if (cursor != null) cursor.close();
}
return null;
}
/**
* @param uri The Uri to check.
* @return Whether the Uri authority is ExternalStorageProvider.
*/
public static boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {
return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
/**
* @param uri The Uri to check.
* @return Whether the Uri authority is DownloadsProvider.
*/
public static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
/**
* @param uri The Uri to check.
* @return Whether the Uri authority is MediaProvider.
*/
public static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
}
完整代码下载地址：下载地址