from tensorflow.keras.applications.vgg19 import VGG19, preprocess_input
from tensorflow.keras.models import Model
from tensorflow.keras.layers import GlobalAveragePooling2D, Dense
from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator, load_img, img_to_array
from tensorflow.keras.optimizers import SGD
import tensorflow.keras.backend as K
# 训练和测试的图片分为'bus', 'dinosaur', 'flower', 'horse', 'elephant'五类
# 其图片的下载地址为 http://pan.baidu.com/s/1nuqlTnN ,总共500张图片,其中图片以3,4,5,6,7开头进行按类区分
# 训练图片400张,测试图片100张;注意下载后,在train和test目录下分别建立上述的五类子目录,keras会按照子目录进行分类识别
NUM_CLASSES = 5
TRAIN_PATH = '/home/yourname/Documents/tensorflow/images/500pics/train'
TEST_PATH = '/home/yourname/Documents/tensorflow/images/500pics/test'
# 代码最后挑出一张图片进行预测识别
PREDICT_IMG = '/home/yourname/Documents/tensorflow/images/500pics/test/elephant/502.jpg'
# FC层定义输入层的大小
FC_NUMS = 1024
# 冻结训练的层数,根据模型的不同,层数也不一样,根据调试的结果,VGG19和VGG16c层比较符合理想的测试结果,本文采用VGG19做示例
FREEZE_LAYERS = 17
# 进行训练和测试的图片大小,VGG19推荐为224×244
IMAGE_SIZE = 224
# 采用VGG19为基本模型,include_top为False,表示FC层是可自定义的,抛弃模型中的FC层;该模型会在~/.keras/models下载基本模型
base_model = VGG19(input_shape=(IMAGE_SIZE, IMAGE_SIZE, 3), include_top=False, weights='imagenet')
# 自定义FC层以基本模型的输入为卷积层的最后一层
x = base_model.output
x = GlobalAveragePooling2D()(x)
x = Dense(FC_NUMS, activation='relu')(x)
prediction = Dense(NUM_CLASSES, activation='softmax')(x)
# 构造完新的FC层,加入custom层
model = Model(inputs=base_model.input, outputs=prediction)
# 可观察模型结构
model.summary()
# 获取模型的层数
print("layer nums:", len(model.layers))
# 除了FC层,靠近FC层的一部分卷积层可参与参数训练,
# 一般来说,模型结构已经标明一个卷积块包含的层数,
# 在这里我们选择FREEZE_LAYERS为17,表示最后一个卷积块和FC层要参与参数训练
for layer in model.layers[:FREEZE_LAYERS]:
layer.trainable = False
for layer in model.layers[FREEZE_LAYERS:]:
layer.trainable = True
for layer in model.layers:
print("layer.trainable:", layer.trainable)
# 预编译模型
model.compile(optimizer=SGD(lr=0.0001, momentum=0.9), loss='categorical_crossentropy', metrics=['accuracy'])
# 给出训练图片的生成器, 其中classes定义后,可让model按照这个顺序进行识别
train_datagen = ImageDataGenerator()
train_generator = train_datagen.flow_from_directory(directory=TRAIN_PATH,
target_size=(IMAGE_SIZE, IMAGE_SIZE), classes=['bus', 'dinosaur', 'flower', 'horse', 'elephant'])
test_datagen = ImageDataGenerator()
test_generator = test_datagen.flow_from_directory(directory=TEST_PATH,
target_size=(IMAGE_SIZE, IMAGE_SIZE), classes=['bus', 'dinosaur', 'flower', 'horse', 'elephant'])
# 运行模型
model.fit_generator(train_generator, epochs=5, validation_data=test_generator)
# 找一张图片进行预测验证
img = load_img(path=PREDICT_IMG, target_size=(IMAGE_SIZE, IMAGE_SIZE))
# 转换成numpy数组
x = img_to_array(img)
# 转换后的数组为3维数组(224,224,3),
# 而训练的数组为4维(图片数量, 224,224, 3),所以我们可扩充下维度
x = K.expand_dims(x, axis=0)
# 需要被预处理下
x = preprocess_input(x)
# 数据预测
result = model.predict(x, steps=1)
# 最后的结果是一个含有5个数的一维数组,我们取最大值所在的索引号,即对应'bus', 'dinosaur', 'flower', 'horse', 'elephant'的顺序
print("result:", K.eval(K.argmax(result)))