安装环境为CENTOS6.8操作系统,pip安装tensorflow后提示GLIBC版本过低。考虑到升级GLIBC有一定的风险,所以决定使用编译安装的方式安装tensorflow。基本流程是按照这篇教程: http://www.jianshu.com/p/fdb7b54b616e/ 进行的,但是因为选择使用的版本有些不同,自己又遇到了一些坑。所以重新整理一下操作步骤。为了使安装步骤对操作系统影响最小,安装时不使用root账户以及sudo权限,而是使用了一个普通账户makeuser进行操作(少数步骤需要使用root操作)
参考教程: http://blog.csdn.net/xiexievv/article/details/50620170
GCC官方网站: https://gcc.gnu.org/
可以从官网下载gcc的4.9.4版本,我这里就直接从镜像网站wget了
wget http://mirrors.concertpass.com/gcc/releases/gcc-4.9.4/gcc-4.9.4.tar.gz
tar xf gcc-4.9.4.tar.gz
cd gcc-4.9.4
./contrib/download_prerequisites #这步是下载一些需要的组件,我直接下载成功了,如果不成功可以安装上面参考教程中的方法手动下载
组件都下载完成后就可以configure了。因为这里编译的gcc高版本只用于编译tensorflow,并且不希望对系统原来的gcc产生影响。所以单独创建一个文件夹用于安装编译使用的环境软件。使用 --prefix 可以自定义安装路径。
cd ..
mkdir gcc-4.9.4-build-temp #创建编译gcc时的路径
mkdir software #创建安装gcc的路径
cd gcc-4.9.4-build-temp/
../gcc-4.9.4/configure --prefix=/home/makeuser/software --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
make -j4
make install
编译完成之后需要将编译好的gcc加入用户makeuser的环境变量中。编辑 ~/.bashrc 加入下列环境变量代码
export PATH=/home/makeuser/software/bin:$PATH
export CC=/home/makeuser/software/bin/gcc
export CXX=/home/makeuser/software/bin/g++
export C_INCLUDE_PATH=/home/makeuser/software/include
export CXX_INCLUDE_PATH=$C_INCLUDE_PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/makeuser/software/lib:/home/makeuser/software/lib64
export LDFLAGS="-L/home/makeuser/software/lib -L/home/makeuser/software/lib64"
export CXXFLAGS="-L/home/makeuser/software/lib -L/home/makeuser/software/lib64"
export LD_RUN_PATH=/home/makeuser/software/lib/:/home/makeuser/software/lib64/
配置好环境变量后可以使用gcc -v命令查看到gcc版本为4.9.4则已经安装正确。
$ gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/home/makeuser/software/libexec/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.9.4/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../gcc-4.9.4/configure --prefix=/home/makeuser/software --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.9.4 (GCC)
参考教程后面还继续安装了gdb,我这里暂时还用不到所以先不安装
#在编译安装前有一点需要注意的是。如果需要编译的 python 支持 sqlite3 模块,需要在安装前在系统上安装 sqlite-devel
yum install sqlite-devel -y
参考教程:http://www.cnblogs.com/yuechaotian/archive/2013/06/03/3115482.html
python官方网站:https://www.python.org/
还是直接wget下载、安装(python需要安装在 /usr/local 下,供所有用户使用,所以 python 安装时使用root用户)
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.2/Python-3.5.2.tgz
tar xf Python-3.5.2.tgz
cd Python-3.5.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python35 --enable-shared
make -j4 && make install
#使用新安装的 python3.5 替换原来的 python2.6
ln -s /usr/local/python35/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3.5
ln -s /usr/local/python35/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0 /usr/lib64/
cd /usr/bin/
ln -s python3.5 python3
mv python python.old
ln -s python3 python
#因为系统的yum命令依赖于 python2.6 所以需要将 /usr/bin/yum 中的解释器指向 /usr/bin/python.old
安装pip并使用pip安装numpy(这步操作我不确定是不是编译tensorflow必须的,我安装的时候照着做了)
wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py --no-check-certificate
python get-pip.py
ln -s /usr/local/python35/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/
ln -s /usr/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip
pip install numpy
安装bazel需要java1.8的环境,我的服务器上之前用rpm方式安装了jdk-8u40可以直接使用。如果服务器上没有java1.8也可以下载一个tat.gz方式的java包,解压并正确配置环境变量
这里安装的bazel0.4.5与0.4.0的安装方法有些不同,参考这里
之前尝试了使用0.4.0版本bazel编译,编译时出现了类似下面的问题后来尝试使用0.4.5未出现此问题
ERROR: /home/krishna/tensorflow/WORKSPACE:3:1: //external:io_bazel_rules_closure: no such attribute 'urls' in 'http_archive' rule.
ERROR: /home/krishna/tensorflow/WORKSPACE:3:1: //external:io_bazel_rules_closure: missing value for mandatory attribute 'url' in 'http_archive' rule.
ERROR: com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.BuildFileContainsErrorsException: error loading package '': Encountered error while reading extension file 'closure/defs.bzl': no such package '@io_bazel_rules_closure//closure': error loading package 'external': Could not load //external package.
首先去github上bazel的releases页面下载bazel-0.4.5-dist.zip 这个包并上传到服务器上,然后在服务器上安装
mkdir bazel
mv bazel-0.4.5-dist.zip bazel
cd bazel
unzip bazel-0.4.5-dist.zip
./compile.sh
等编译完成后把output/bazel 复制到 /home/makeuser/software/bin/ 这个目录已经在PATH中
cp output/bazel /home/makeuser/software/bin/
很多指引中中在这步中提示不能使用NFS文件系统,因为我的CentOS并没有挂载过NFS所以并没有验证过。
从github上下载tensorflow的1.2.0版本并上传到服务器上
cd
unzip tensorflow-1.2.0.zip
cd tensorflow-1.2.0
在configure前需要修改源码中的这个文件 tensorflow/tensorflow.bzl 否则编译完成后使用时会出现问题
redhat6/centos6太老,为了顺利运行tensorflow代码,增加librt.so链接项(否则编译正常,但安装后运行时会出现 _pywrap_tensorflow_internal.so: undefined symbol: clock_gettime 等类似链接符号错误)
将tensorflow.bzl中的
def tf_extension_linkopts():
return [] # No extension link opts
修改成
def tf_extension_linkopts():
return ["-lrt"] # No extension link opts
执行下面的编译过程时我还遇到了类似这样的问题
bazel-out/host/bin/external/protobuf/protoc: /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.20' not found (required by bazel-out/host/bin/external/protobuf/protoc)
bazel-out/host/bin/external/protobuf/protoc: /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version `CXXABI_1.3.8' not found (required by bazel-out/host/bin/external/protobuf/protoc)
bazel-out/host/bin/external/protobuf/protoc: /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.18' not found (required by bazel-out/host/bin/external/protobuf/protoc)
后来使用了这个解决办法
就是将之前添加到~/.bashrc中的$LD_LIBRARY_PATH位置路径添加到/etc/ld.so.conf后面,像这样
cat /etc/ld.so.conf
include ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
/home/makeuser/software/lib
/home/makeuser/software/lib64
然后执行ldconfig。执行成功后可以在/etc/ld.so.cache查看到新版gcc的库文件
strings /etc/ld.so.cache |grep software
/home/makeuser/software/lib64/libvtv.so.0
/home/makeuser/software/lib64/libvtv.so
/home/makeuser/software/lib64/libubsan.so.0
…………
上面说的这步修改是普通用户权限无法完成的,需要使用root权限执行
然后就可以configure,执行的时候注意2个地方。1是Please specify the location of python.检查后面的路径是否是你准备使用的python位置,我这里因为写了环境变量而且使用的是python2版本所以默认值就是正确的。2是Do you wish to use jemalloc as the malloc implementation?选择N,否则编译时会出现报错
ERROR: /home/makeuser/.cache/bazel/_bazel_makeuser/602695da20d6c4d186ee5dce763d82ad/external/jemalloc/BUILD:10:1: C++ compilation of rule '@jemalloc//:jemalloc' failed: gcc failed: error executing command /home/makeuser/software/bin/gcc -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE -fstack-protector -Wall -B/home/makeuser/software/bin -B/usr/bin -Wunused-but-set-parameter -Wno-free-nonheap-object -fno-omit-frame-pointer -g0 -O2 ... (remaining 35 argument(s) skipped): com.google.devtools.build.lib.shell.BadExitStatusException: Process exited with status 1.
external/jemalloc/src/pages.c: In function 'je_pages_huge':
external/jemalloc/src/pages.c:203:30: error: 'MADV_HUGEPAGE' undeclared (first use in this function)
return (madvise(addr, size, MADV_HUGEPAGE) != 0);
^
external/jemalloc/src/pages.c:203:30: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
external/jemalloc/src/pages.c: In function 'je_pages_nohuge':
external/jemalloc/src/pages.c:217:30: error: 'MADV_NOHUGEPAGE' undeclared (first use in this function)
return (madvise(addr, size, MADV_NOHUGEPAGE) != 0);
^
external/jemalloc/src/pages.c: In function 'je_pages_huge':
external/jemalloc/src/pages.c:207:1: warning: control reaches end of non-void function [-Wreturn-type]
}
^
external/jemalloc/src/pages.c: In function 'je_pages_nohuge':
external/jemalloc/src/pages.c:221:1: warning: control reaches end of non-void function [-Wreturn-type]
}
^
Target //tensorflow/tools/pip_package:build_pip_package failed to build
把上面的坑都填完之后执行编译应该就不会出现问题了,现在开始编译(如果运行编译的服务器上内存比较紧张,可以添加参数: --local_resources 2048,.5,1.0 来限制编译线程,防止内存不足报错 )
bazel build -c opt //tensorflow/tools/pip_package:build_pip_package
编译完成后开始安装
bazel-bin/tensorflow/tools/pip_package/build_pip_package /home/makeuser/tensorflow_pkg #生成whl包
pip install /home/makeuser/tensorflow_pkg/tensorflow-1.2.0-cp27-cp27m-linux_x86_64.whl #安装
安装完成后可以测试一下
$ python
Python 3.5.2 (default, Dec 5 2017, 11:26:25)
[GCC 4.9.4] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tensorflow as tf
>>> hello = tf.constant('Hello,Tensorflow~')
>>> sess = tf.Session()
2017-12-05 15:25:55.673343: W tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:45] The TensorFlow library wasn't compiled to use SSE4.1 instructions, but these are available on your machine and could speed up CPU computations.
2017-12-05 15:25:55.673435: W tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:45] The TensorFlow library wasn't compiled to use SSE4.2 instructions, but these are available on your machine and could speed up CPU computations.
2017-12-05 15:25:55.673454: W tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:45] The TensorFlow library wasn't compiled to use AVX instructions, but these are available on your machine and could speed up CPU computations.
2017-12-05 15:25:55.673470: W tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:45] The TensorFlow library wasn't compiled to use AVX2 instructions, but these are available on your machine and could speed up CPU computations.
2017-12-05 15:25:55.673485: W tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:45] The TensorFlow library wasn't compiled to use FMA instructions, but these are available on your machine and could speed up CPU computations.
>>> print(sess.run(hello))
b'Hello,Tensorflow~'
>>> a = tf.constant(10)
>>> b = tf.constant(32)
>>> print(sess.run(a + b))
42
>>>
以上步骤已经成功的在 python 中安装了 tensorflow 。但后来又有需求安装一个 c++ 使用的动态链接库 libtensorflow_cc.so 。安装方法如下:
cd ~/tensorflow-1.2.0
bazel build //tensorflow:libtensorflow_cc.so
#下面是为C++所需编译准备环境
#我在安装的时候把这个 .so 文件复制到/usr/local/lib下就可以使用了
cp bazel-bin/tensorflow/libtensorflow_cc.so /usr/local/lib/
#将需要的文件放入 /usr/local/include/tf 下,运行时就可以找到这些文件
mkdir /usr/local/include/tf
cp -r bazel-genfiles/ /usr/local/include/tf/
cp -r tensorflow/ /usr/local/include/tf/
cp -r third_party/ /usr/local/include/tf/
然后把 /usr/local/lib 加入/etc/ld.so.conf ,再运行ldconfig
eigen 3.3.4 安装
#从官网下载 eigen 3.3.4 并上传至服务器
tar xf eigen-eigen-5a0156e40feb.tar.bz2
#eigen3的通过yum安装的方式并不能正常使用。需要通过下载eigen3.3.4然后解压到/usr/local/include/下并重命名为eigen3才能正常使用
mv eigen-eigen-5a0156e40feb /usr/local/include/eigen3
protobuf 3.2.0 编译安装
# 环境准备
yum install -y autoconf automake libtool
# 参考 https://github.com/google/protobuf/pull/2599/commits/141a1dac6ca572056c6a8b989e41f6ee213f8445
# http://blog.csdn.net/u012839187/article/details/48025225
# http://blog.csdn.net/cristianojason/article/details/68489595
# http://blog.csdn.net/xiexievv/article/details/47396725
tar xf protobuf-cpp-3.2.0.tar.gz
cd protobuf-3.2.0/
./autogen.sh
./configure --prefix=/usr
vim src/google/protobuf/metadata.h
make
make check
make install
安装完成后可以使用protoc --version 查看 protobuf 是否安装正确,如果出现动态链接库找不到的情况可以尝试运行 ldconfig 命令重新加载动态连接库
除此之外服务器上还需要安装线性回归的的库 pulp ,直接使用pip安装就可以
pip install pulp
安装语音识别需要的库
pip install jieba