Oracle从windows迁移至linux 使用RMAN
实验环境：windows 2008 R2 & RHEL 6.5
Oracle版本：11.2.0.4
参考文档:
Clone Database from Windows To Linux (Lower patchset to Higher) using RMAN (文档 ID 2143991.1)
1. 将windows数据库shutdown immediate，然后启动到mount模式下
2. 生成pfile文件
create pfile='d:\rmanbackup\pfile.ora' from spfile;
3. 进行RMAN备份数据库和控制文件
rman target /
backup database format 'd:\rmanbackup\full_%U';
backup current controlfile format 'd:\rmanbackup\control_%U';
4. 将pfile.ora和RMAN备份的数据文件和控制文件传到linux上
5. 修改传送过去的pfile.ora文件，将一系列目录改为linux上的对应目录,注意sga和PGA的修改
startup nomount pfile='/tmp/rmanbackup/pfile.ora';
假如报错,根据报错排查对应错误
SQL> set linesize 999
SQL> col member format a80;
SQL> select * from v$logfile;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_
---------- ---------- ------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---
1 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/D:ORACLEPRODUCTORADATAORCLREDO01.LOG NO
3 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/D:ORACLEPRODUCTORADATAORCLREDO03.LOG NO
2 ONLINE /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/D:ORACLEPRODUCTORADATAORCLREDO02.LOG NO6. 恢复控制文件并且mount数据库
rman target /
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/tmp/rmanbackup/CONTROL_03RMSH55_1_1';
RMAN> sql 'alter database mount';
示例：
[oracle@oratest ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Dec 7 14:48:47 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (not mounted)
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/tmp/rmanbackup/CONTROL_03RMSH55_1_1';
Starting restore at 07-DEC-16
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
output file name=/oradata/CONTROL01.CTL
output file name=/oradata/CONTROL02.CTL
output file name=/oradata/CONTROL03.CTL
Finished restore at 07-DEC-16
RMAN> sql 'alter database mount';
sql statement: alter database mount
released channel: ORA_DISK_17. 清理RMAN记录的catalog的失效记录
RMAN> crosscheck backup;
RMAN> delete expired backup;
RMAN> crosscheck backup;
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 07-DEC-16
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 2 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 07-DEC-16
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 07-DEC-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 07-DEC-16
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
no files cataloged
using channel ORA_DISK_1
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=D:\RMANBACKUP\FULL_01RMSH1N_1_1 RECID=1 STAMP=929973303
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=D:\RMANBACKUP\FULL_02RMSH3P_1_1 RECID=2 STAMP=929973370
Crosschecked 2 objects
RMAN> delete expired backup;
using channel ORA_DISK_1
List of Backup Pieces
BP Key BS Key Pc# Cp# Status Device Type Piece Name
------- ------- --- --- ----------- ----------- ----------
1 1 1 1 EXPIRED DISK D:\RMANBACKUP\FULL_01RMSH1N_1_1
2 2 1 1 EXPIRED DISK D:\RMANBACKUP\FULL_02RMSH3P_1_1
Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=D:\RMANBACKUP\FULL_01RMSH1N_1_1 RECID=1 STAMP=929973303
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=D:\RMANBACKUP\FULL_02RMSH3P_1_1 RECID=2 STAMP=929973370
Deleted 2 EXPIRED objects8. 将RMAN备份文件加入到catalog
catalog backuppiece '/tmp/rmanbackup/FULL_01RMSH1N_1_1','/tmp/rmanbackup/FULL_02RMSH3P_1_1';
有几个加几个,或者假如备份文件很多,那么用下面的命令
catalog start with '/tmp/rmanbackup/FULL_';
注意假如是直接指定了一个目录,那么最后必须接/表示这是一个目录,否则会被认为是一个前缀
9.开始在RMAN中从catalog中恢复数据库,并且set newname来指定新的路径,switch来将新的路径写到控制文件
run {
set newname for database to '/oradata/orcl/datafile/dbf_%U';
restore database;
}
switch database to copy;10.开启数据库,使用resetlogs upgrade参数来重建redo文件
SQL> alter database open resetlogs upgrade;
顺便生成一下spfile
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/tmp/rmanbackup/pfile.ora';
重新编译一下无效对象
@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql;
NOTE:
遇到了一个问题,是进行数据库迁移之后,temp数据文件因为不被RMAN所保护,需要检查tempfile:
ERROR at line 7:
ORA-01187: cannot read from file because it failed verification tests
ORA-01110: data file 201: '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/D:ORACLEPRODUCTORADATAORCLTEMP01.DBF'col name for a50;
select file#, ts#, name, status from v$tempfile;
FILE# TS# NAME STATUS
---------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------- -------
1 3 D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\ORADATA\ORCL\TEMP01.DBF ONLINESQL> alter database tempfile 'D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\ORADATA\ORCL\TEMP01.DBF' drop;
alter database tempfile 'D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\ORADATA\ORCL\TEMP01.DBF' drop
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01516: nonexistent log file, data file, or temporary file "D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\ORADATA\ORCL\TEMP01.DBF"因为当前TEMP是默认临时表空间，所以想删掉这个临时数据文件，需要创建一个新的临时表空间，将其设置为默认，然后将TEMP表空间删掉，再新建TEMP表空间，将默认临时表空间改回来。
直接删除,会提示不能删除默认临时表空间:
SQL> drop tablespace temp;
drop tablespace temp
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12906: cannot drop default temporary tablespace解决方案:新建一个临时表空间,将其设置为默认临时表空间,再删除原本的临时表空间
(本人强迫症,所以删掉原来的temp之后,再重新建一个temp,将表空间设置回temp,看着顺眼)
需要数据库open状态
新建临时表空间temp2
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp2 TEMPFILE '/oradata/orcl/TEMP2.DBF' SIZE 200m AUTOEXTEND ON ；
设置temp2为默认临时表空间
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp2;
删除原来的临时表空间temp
drop tablespace temp;
重新建临时表空间temp
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp TEMPFILE '/oradata/orcl/TEMP01.DBF' SIZE 1G REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 200M MAXSIZE 30G;
将temp设置为默认临时表空间（一些用户默认临时表空间就是temp，建议重建temp）
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp;
注意:上一步修改完之后,假如想立即删除temp2表空间,那么此操作会宕住
需要
shutdown immediate
退出再重新进sqlplus
startup
删除临时表空间temp2和数据文件
DROP TABLESPACE temp2 INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;
再次检查一遍,OK
SQL> col name for a50;
SQL> select file#, ts#, name, status from v$tempfile;
FILE# TS# NAME STATUS
---------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------- -------
1 3 /oradata/orcl/TEMP01.DBF ONLINE运行@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql;重新编译一下无效对象
这次成功了
OK,数据库迁移完成
需要注意,假如两者版本不一致或者linux上打了新补丁,做完这一步之后照着README.html运行升级脚本,再次编译无效对象
再次重申:对数据库做迁移,升级之类的操作后编译无效对象是个好习惯