Oracle使用sqluldr2快速导出数据

1.使用介绍

SQL*UnLoader: Fast Oracle Text Unloader (GZIP, Parallel), Release 4.0.1
(@) Copyright Lou Fangxin (AnySQL.net) 2004 - 2010, all rights reserved.

Usage: SQLULDR2 keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]

Valid Keywords:
   user    = username/password@tnsname
   sql     = SQL file name
   query   = select statement
   field   = separator string between fields
   record  = separator string between records
   rows    = print progress for every given rows (default, 1000000) 
   file    = output file name(default: uldrdata.txt)
   log     = log file name, prefix with + to append mode
   fast    = auto tuning the session level parameters(YES)
   text    = output type (MYSQL, CSV, MYSQLINS, ORACLEINS, FORM, SEARCH).
   charset = character set name of the target database.
   ncharset= national character set name of the target database.
   parfile = read command option from parameter file 
   read    = set DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_READ_COUNT at session level
   sort    = set SORT_AREA_SIZE at session level (UNIT:MB) 
   hash    = set HASH_AREA_SIZE at session level (UNIT:MB) 
   array   = array fetch size
   head    = print row header(Yes|No)
   batch   = save to new file for every rows batch (Yes/No)
   size    = maximum output file piece size (UNIB:MB)
   serial  = set _serial_direct_read to TRUE at session level
   trace   = set event 10046 to given level at session level
   table   = table name in the sqlldr control file
   control = sqlldr control file and path.
   mode    = sqlldr option, INSERT or APPEND or REPLACE or TRUNCATE 
   buffer  = sqlldr READSIZE and BINDSIZE, default 16 (MB)
   long    = maximum long field size
   width   = customized max column width (w1:w2:...) 
   quote   = optional quote string 
   data    = disable real data unload (NO, OFF) 
   alter   = alter session SQLs to be execute before unload 
   safe    = use large buffer to avoid ORA-24345 error (Yes|No) 
   crypt   = encrypted user information only (Yes|No) 
   sedf/t  = enable character translation function 
   null    = replace null with given value 
   escape  = escape character for special characters
   escf/t  = escape from/to characters list 
   format  = MYSQL: MySQL Insert SQLs, SQL: Insert SQLs.
   exec    = the command to execute the SQLs.
   prehead = column name prefix for head line.
   rowpre  = row prefix string for each line.
   rowsuf  = row sufix string for each line.
   colsep  = separator string between column name and value.
   presql  = SQL or scripts to be executed before data unload.
   postsql = SQL or scripts to be executed after data unload.
   lob     = extract lob values to single file (FILE).
   lobdir  = subdirectory count to store lob files .
   split   = table name for automatically parallelization.
   degree  = parallelize data copy degree (2-128).

  for field and record, you can use '0x' to specify hex character code,
  \r=0x0d \n=0x0a |=0x7c ,=0x2c, \t=0x09, :=0x3a, #=0x23, "=0x22 '=0x27 

2.常用案例

根据查询语句导出
sqluldr2_linux64_10204.bin user="username/pwd" query="select * from table" field="0x09" record=0x0a file="/opt/data/table.txt" charset=UTF8

如果查询sql比较长，则可以把sql语句放入到文件中
sqluldr2_linux64_10204.bin user="username/pwd" sql="/opt/sql/query.sql" field="0x09" record=0x0a file="/opt/data/table.txt" charset=UTF8

 按记录数切分文件的功能取决于三个命令行选项: FILE, ROWS, BATCH. 其中FILE选项指定的文件名中需要包括”%b”特征串, 以表示生成的文件号. ROWS指定单个文件的记录数, 而BATCH则指定是否切换成多个文件.
sqluldr2_linux64_10204.bin user="username/pwd" sql="/opt/sql/query.sql" field="0x09" record=0x0a rows=100000 batch=yes file="/opt/data/table.%b.txt" charset=UTF8

按大小切分文件的功能取决于两个命令行选项: FILE, SIZE. 其中FILE选项指定的文件名中需要包括”%b”特征串, 以表示生成的文件号; 而SIZE选项指定每个文件的目标大小. 
sqluldr2_linux64_10204.bin user="username/pwd" sql="/opt/sql/query.sql" field="0x09" record=0x0a size=500MB file="/opt/data/table.%b.txt" charset=UTF8

3.常见错误

sqluldr2_linux64_10204.bin: error while loading shared libraries: libclntsh.so.10.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

解决办法:
1.先检查libclntsh.so.10.1文件是否存在，一般安装完数据库，该文件都会存在。
2.设置oracle的环境变量,加载oracle的lib包export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin/:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2/db
export ORACLE_SID=oracle
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
export PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin/:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

ORA-24345: A Truncation or null fetch error occurred

导出参数加上:safe=yes