Redis数据结构

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1. Redis数据类型介绍

五种数据类型：
    字符串(String)
    字符串列表(list)
    有序字符串集合(sorted set)
    哈希(hash)
    字符串集合(set)

Key定义的注意点：
    不要过长，不要过短，统一的命名规范

2. Redis数据结构之字符串类型

赋值
    127.0.0.1:6379> set name andrew
    OK

取值
    127.0.0.1:6379> get name
    "andrew"

获取并设置值
    127.0.0.1:6379> getset name tony
    "andrew"
    127.0.0.1:6379> get name
    "tony"

删除
    127.0.0.1:6379> del name
    (integer)1
    127.0.0.1:6379> get name
    (nil)

自增incr，假如没有定义则默认0，假如非数值类型则报错
    127.0.0.1:6379> incr n1
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> get n1
    "1"
    127.0.0.1:6379> set n2 2
    OK
    127.0.0.1:6379> incr n2
    (integer) 3
    127.0.0.1:6379> get n2
    "3"
    127.0.0.1:6379> set n3 andrew
    OK
    127.0.0.1:6379> incr n3
    (error) ERR value is not an integer or out of range

自减decr
    127.0.0.1:6379> get n2
    "3"
    127.0.0.1:6379> decr n2
    (integer) 2
    127.0.0.1:6379> decr n4
    (integer) -1

指定增量值incrby
    127.0.0.1:6379> get n4
    "-1"
    127.0.0.1:6379> incrby n4 8
    (integer) 7

指定减量值decrby
    127.0.0.1:6379> get n4
    "7"
    127.0.0.1:6379> decrby n4 5
    (integer) 2

追加字符串append 假如没定义，直接赋值
    127.0.0.1:6379> append s1 str
    (integer) 3
    127.0.0.1:6379> get s1
    "str"
    127.0.0.1:6379> append s1 abc
    (integer) 6
    127.0.0.1:6379> get s1
    "strabc"

删除多个
    127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
    1) "n1"
    2) "n2"
    3) "s1"
    4) "n3"
    5) "n4"
    127.0.0.1:6379> del n1 n2 n3 n4
    (integer) 4
    127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
    1) "s1"

3. Redis数据结构之哈希类型

存储Hash
String key和String Value的Map容器，每一个Hash可以存储4294967295个键值对

存储Hash常用命令：
赋值和取值
    127.0.0.1:6379> hset h1 username andrew
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> hset h1 password 123456
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> hget h1 username
    "andrew"
    127.0.0.1:6379> hget h1 password
    "123456"

赋值和取值(多个字段一起)
    127.0.0.1:6379> hmset h2 username tony password 654321
    OK
    127.0.0.1:6379> hmget h2 username
    1) "tony"
    127.0.0.1:6379> hmget h2 password
    1) "654321"
    127.0.0.1:6379> hmget h2 username password
    1) "tony"
    2) "654321"

获取所有
    127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall h2
    1) "username"
    2) "tony"
    3) "password"
    4) "654321"

hdel删除属性，可以一次删除一个或者多个
    127.0.0.1:6379> hdel h2 username password
    (integer) 2
    127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall h2
    (empty list or set)

hincrby增加数字
    127.0.0.1:6379> hset h1 age 20
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> hincrby h1 age 5
    (integer) 25

hexists判断字段是否存在 1表示存在 0表示不存在
    127.0.0.1:6379> hexists h1 age
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> hexists h1 age2
    (integer) 0

hlen获取hash属性个数
    127.0.0.1:6379> hlen h1
    (integer) 3
    127.0.0.1:6379> hlen h2
    (integer) 0

hkeys获取所有属性名称
    127.0.0.1:6379> hkeys h1
    1) "username"
    2) "password"
    3) "age"
    127.0.0.1:6379> hkeys h2
    (empty list or set)

hvals获取所有属性值
    127.0.0.1:6379> hvals h1
    1) "andrew"
    2) "123456"
    3) "25"
    127.0.0.1:6379> hvals h2
    (empty list or set)

4. Redis数据结构之List类型

存储list:
    ArrayList使用数组方式
    LinkedList使用双向链接方式
双向链接表中增加数据
双向链接表中删除数据
存储list常用命令
    两端添加、两端弹出、扩展命令

lpush方式添加，从左边开始添加
    127.0.0.1:6379> lpush l1 a b c d
    (integer) 4
    127.0.0.1:6379> lpush l1 1 2 3 4
    (integer) 8

lrange获取指定方位的集合元素
从第1个开始到倒数第一个，也就是最后一个，也就是所有数据
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l1 0 -1
    1) "4"
    2) "3"
    3) "2"
    4) "1"
    5) "d"
    6) "c"
    7) "b"
    8) "a"
获取从第1个到第7个集合元素
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l1 0 6
    1) "4"
    2) "3"
    3) "2"
    4) "1"
    5) "d"
    6) "c"
    7) "b"

rpush从右端开始添加(一般人比较习惯这种方式)
    127.0.0.1:6379> rpush l2 a b c d
    (integer) 4
    127.0.0.1:6379> rpush l2 1 2 3 4
    (integer) 8
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l2 0 -1
    1) "a"
    2) "b"
    3) "c"
    4) "d"
    5) "1"
    6) "2"
    7) "3"
    8) "4"
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l2 0 6
    1) "a"
    2) "b"
    3) "c"
    4) "d"
    5) "1"
    6) "2"
    7) "3"

lpop左侧弹出集合元素
rpop右侧弹出集合元素
    127.0.0.1:6379> rpop l2
    "a"
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l2 0 -1
    1) "b"
    2) "c"
    3) "d"
    4) "1"
    5) "2"
    6) "3"
    7) "4"
    127.0.0.1:6379> rpop l2
    "4"
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l2 0 -1
    1) "b"
    2) "c"
    3) "d"
    4) "1"
    5) "2"
    6) "3"

llen查看元素个数
    127.0.0.1:6379> llen l2
    (integer) 6
lpushx 集合头部插入元素
    127.0.0.1:6379> lpushx l2 xx
    (integer) 7
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l2 0 -1
    1) "xx"
    2) "b"
    3) "c"
    4) "d"
    5) "1"
    6) "2"
    7) "3"

rpushx 集合尾部插入元素
    127.0.0.1:6379> rpushx l2 yy
    (integer) 8
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l2 0 -1
    1) "xx"
    2) "b"
    3) "c"
    4) "d"
    5) "1"
    6) "2"
    7) "3"
    8) "yy"

lpush集合头部插入多个元素
    127.0.0.1:6379> lpush l2 a1 a2 
    (integer) 10
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l2 0 -1
    1) "a2"
    2) "a1"
    3) "xx"
    4) "b"
    5) "c"
    6) "d"
    7) "1"
    8) "2"
    9) "3"
    10) "yy"
    127.0.0.1:6379> rpush l2 a3 a4
    (integer) 12
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l2 0 -1
    1) "a2"
    2) "a1"
    3) "xx"
    4) "b"
    5) "c"
    6) "d"
    7) "1"
    8) "2"
    9) "3"
    10) "yy"
    11) "a3"
    12) "a4"

lrem 从指定方向删除指定个数的指定元素
先加点数据搞个新集合l3
    127.0.0.1:6379> lpush l3 1 3 2 3 2 1 2 1 3
    (integer) 9
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l3 0 -1
    1) "3"
    2) "1"
    3) "2"
    4) "1"
    5) "2"
    6) "3"
    7) "2"
    8) "3"
    9) "1"
从左边开始删除2个1
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrem l3 2 1
    (integer) 2
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l3 0 -1
    1) "3"
    2) "2"
    3) "2"
    4) "3"
    5) "2"
    6) "3"
    7) "1"
从右边开始删除2个3
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrem l3 -2 3
    (integer) 2
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l3 0 -1
    1) "3"
    2) "2"
    3) "2"
    4) "2"
    5) "1"
删除所有2
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrem l3 0 2
    (integer) 3
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l3 0 -1
    1) "3"
    2) "1"

lset 设置集合指定索引的值
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l1 0 -1
    1) "4"
    2) "3"
    3) "2"
    4) "1"
    5) "d"
    6) "c"
    7) "b"
    8) "a"
索引从0开始
    127.0.0.1:6379> lset l1 3 xxxx
    OK
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l1 0 -1
    1) "4"
    2) "3"
    3) "2"
    4) "xxxx"
    5) "d"
    6) "c"
    7) "b"
    8) "a"

linsert 在集合里插入指定元素
在xxxx元素之前插入aa
    127.0.0.1:6379> linsert l1 before xxxx aa
    (integer) 9
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l1 0 -1
    1) "4"
    2) "3"
    3) "2"
    4) "aa"
    5) "xxxx"
    6) "d"
    7) "c"
    8) "b"
    9) "a"
在xxxx元素之后插入bb
    127.0.0.1:6379> linsert l1 after xxxx bb
    (integer) 10
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l1 0 -1
    1) "4"
    2) "3"
    3) "2"
    4) "aa"
    5) "xxxx"
    6) "bb"
    7) "d"
    8) "c"
    9) "b"
    10) "a"

rpoplpush 把A集合尾部元素弹出并插入到B集合头部
    127.0.0.1:6379> rpush l4 a b c
    (integer) 3
    127.0.0.1:6379> rpush l5 1 2 3
    (integer) 3
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l4 0 -1
    1) "a"
    2) "b"
    3) "c"
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l5 0 -1
    1) "1"
    2) "2"
    3) "3"
    127.0.0.1:6379> rpoplpush l4 l5
    "c"
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l4 0 -1
    1) "a"
    2) "b"
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l5 0 -1
    1) "c"
    2) "1"
    3) "2"
    4) "3"

5. Redis数据结构之Set类型

存储Set和List类型不同的是，Set集合中不允许出现重复的元素
Set可包含的最大元素数量是4294967295
存储set常用命令：
添加/删除元素
获取集合中的元素
集合中的差集运算
集合中的交集运算
集合中的并集元算

扩展命令
sadd key member [member ...]
添加set元素
    127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set1 a b c
    (integer) 3
添加三个元素 smembers key
查看指定key集合元素
    127.0.0.1:6379> smembers set1
    1) "c"
    2) "b"
    3) "a"
    127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set1 a d e
    (integer) 2
    127.0.0.1:6379> smembers set1
    1) "c"
    2) "d"
    3) "b"
    4) "a"
    5) "e"
继续添加元素发现重复元素不再添加srem key member [member ...]
删除元素
    127.0.0.1:6379> srem set1 a d
    (integer) 2
    127.0.0.1:6379> smembers set1
    1) "b"
    2) "c"
    3) "e"
删除两个元素 sismember key member
判断某个元素是否存在，返回1表示存在，返回0表示不存在。
    127.0.0.1:6379> sismember set1 a
    (integer) 0
    127.0.0.1:6379> sismember set1 b
    (integer) 1
sdiff计算差集
    127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set2 a b c
    (integer) 3
    127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set3 b c d e
    (integer) 4
    127.0.0.1:6379> sdiff set2 set3
    1) "a"
    127.0.0.1:6379> sdiff set3 set2
    1) "d"
    2) "e"
集合的顺序不同，结果不一样，根据前者参考
sinter计算交集
    127.0.0.1:6379> sinter set2 set3
    1) "c"
    2) "b"
sunion计算并集
    127.0.0.1:6379> sunion set2 set3
    1) "e"
    2) "a"
    3) "b"
    4) "c"
    5) "d"
scard计算元素总数
    127.0.0.1:6379> smembers set1
    1) "b"
    2) "c"
    3) "e"
    127.0.0.1:6379> scard set1
    (integer) 3
srandmember随机取一个元素
    127.0.0.1:6379> srandmember set1
    "c"
    127.0.0.1:6379> srandmember set1
    "e"
sdiffstore把差集结果存储到新集合中
    127.0.0.1:6379> smembers set2
    1) "c"
    2) "b"
    3) "a"
    127.0.0.1:6379> smembers set3
    1) "c"
    2) "e"
    3) "d"
    4) "b"
    127.0.0.1:6379> sdiffstore r1 set2 set3
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> smembers r1
    1) "a"
sinterstore把交集结果存储到新集合中
    127.0.0.1:6379> sinterstore r2 set2 set3
    (integer) 2
    127.0.0.1:6379> smembers r2
    1) "c"
    2) "b"
sunionstore把并集结果存储到新集合中
    127.0.0.1:6379> sunionstore r3 set2 set3
    (integer) 5
    127.0.0.1:6379> smembers r3
    1) "e"
    2) "a"
    3) "b"
    4) "c"
    5) "d"
存储Set使用场景
跟踪一些唯一性数据
用于维护数据对象之间的关联关系

6. Redis数据结构之sorted-set类型

存储Sorted-Set
Sorted-Set和Set的区别
Sorted-Set中的成员在集合中的位置是有序的
存储Sorted-set常用命令
添加元素
获得元素
删除元素
范围查询
扩展命令

zadd添加元素，里面包括评分和值
    127.0.0.1:6379> zadd sort1 5 a 4 b 6 c
    (integer) 3
添加集合sort1 元素是a,b,c 评分分别是5,4,6
集合里的排序是根据评分从小到大排序的；

zrange是查找元素 -1代表是最后一个
    127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sort1 0 -1
    1) "b"
    2) "a"
    3) "c"
继续添加元素，这里分两种情况
    假如次元素集合里面已经有了，则覆盖
    继续添加b此时评分改成7 
    127.0.0.1:6379> zadd sort1 7 b
    (integer) 0
通过zscore获取b的评分
    127.0.0.1:6379> zscore sort1 b
    "7"
发现已经修改了；
    127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sort1 0 -1
    1) "a"
    2) "c"
    3) "b"
添加的元素不在集合里，则添加进去
    127.0.0.1:6379> zadd sort1 9 d
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sort1 0 -1
    1) "a"
    2) "c"
    3) "b"
    4) "d"

删除元素zrem
    127.0.0.1:6379> zrem sort1 b
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sort1 0 -1
    1) "a"
    2) "c"
    3) "d"
zcard 查看集合里的元素个数
    127.0.0.1:6379> zcard sort1
    (integer) 3

withscores把评分也显示出来
    127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sort1 0 -1 withscores 
    1) "a"
    2) "5"
    3) "c"
    4) "6"
    5) "d"
    6) "9"

zrevrange 降序排列
    127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrange sort1 0 -1 withscores
    1) "d"
    2) "9"
    3) "c"
    4) "6"
    5) "a"
    6) "5"
再加两个元素
    127.0.0.1:6379> zadd sort1 10 e  5 f
    (integer) 2
zremrangebyrank根据排名来删除元素删除3个
    127.0.0.1:6379> zremrangebyrank sort1 0 2
    (integer) 3
    127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sort1 0 -1 withscores
    1) "d"
    2) "9"
    3) "e"
    4) "10"
再添加元素
    127.0.0.1:6379> zadd sort1 11 f 16 g 18 h
    (integer) 3
    127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sort1 0 -1 withscores
    1) "d"
    2) "9"
    3) "e"
    4) "10"
    5) "f"
    6) "11"
    7) "g"
    8) "16"
    9) "h"
    10) "18"
zremrangebyscore根据具体评分范围来删除元素
    127.0.0.1:6379> zremrangebyscore sort1 10 16
    (integer) 3
    127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sort1 0 -1 withscores
    1) "d"
    2) "9"
    3) "h"
    4) "18"
再添加元素
    127.0.0.1:6379> zadd sort1 20 i 23 j 30 k
    (integer) 3
    127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sort1 0 -1 withscores
    1) "d"
    2) "9"
    3) "h"
    4) "18"
    5) "i"
    6) "20"
    7) "j"
    8) "23"
    9) "k"
    10) "30"

zrangebyscore根据评分范围来查找元素
    127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore sort1 18 23 withscores 
    1) "h"
    2) "18"
    3) "i"
    4) "20"
    5) "j"
    6) "23"
limit限定查找起始 类似分页
    127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore sort1 18 23 withscores limit 0 2
    1) "h"
    2) "18"
    3) "i"
    4) "20"

zincrby给指定元素加分
    127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby sort1 5 h
    "23"
    127.0.0.1:6379> zrange sort1 0 -1 withscores
    1) "d"
    2) "9"
    3) "i"
    4) "20"
    5) "h"
    6) "23"
    7) "j"
    8) "23"
    9) "k"
    10) "30"
zcount查找指定评分范围的元素个数
    127.0.0.1:6379> zcount sort1 20 23
    (integer) 3
Sorted-Set使用场景：大型在线游戏积分排行榜，构建索引数据

7. Redis之Keys通用操作

keys * 显示所有key
    127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
    1) "sort1"
    2) "l2"
    3) "set2"
    4) "r1"
    5) "h1"
    6) "n2"
    7) "l3"
    8) "r2"
    9) "s1"
    10) "set3"
    11) "set1"
    12) "r3"
    13) "n"
    14) "n3"
    15) "nn"
    16) "l1"
查找所有以s开头的key
    用s*，*代表任意字符
    127.0.0.1:6379> keys s*
    1) "sort1"
    2) "set2"
    3) "s1"
    4) "set3"
    5) "set1"
查找所有s开头 后面紧跟任意一个字符的key
    127.0.0.1:6379> keys s?
    1) "s1"

del删除key
    127.0.0.1:6379> del n2 n3 nn
    (integer) 3
exists判断key是否存在，1表示存在，0表示不存在。
    127.0.0.1:6379> exists n2
    (integer) 0
    127.0.0.1:6379> exists l1
    (integer) 1
get获取元素
    127.0.0.1:6379> get n
    "1"
rename对key重命名
    127.0.0.1:6379> rename n n2
    OK
    127.0.0.1:6379> get n
    (nil)
    127.0.0.1:6379> get n2
    "1"
expire设置n2有效时间
    127.0.0.1:6379> expire n2 120
    (integer) 1
ttl查看剩余时间
    127.0.0.1:6379> ttl n2
    (integer) 116
type显示类型
    127.0.0.1:6379> type n2
    string
    127.0.0.1:6379> type l1
    list
    127.0.0.1:6379> type s1
    string
    127.0.0.1:6379> type sort1
    zset