本文继续分析DispatcherServlet解析请求的过程。
概览①：DispatcherServlet是springmvc中的前端控制器(front controller),负责接收request并将request转发给对应的处理组件.
②：HanlerMapping是springmvc中完成url到controller映射的组件.DispatcherServlet接收request,然后从HandlerMapping查找处理request的controller.
③：Cntroller处理request,并返回ModelAndView对象,Controller是springmvc中负责处理request的组件(类似于struts2中的Action),ModelAndView是封装结果视图的组件.
④ ⑤ ⑥：视图解析器解析ModelAndView对象并返回对应的视图给客户端.
要点
维护url和controller的映射
这部分工作由DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping.setApplicationContext的父类
org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractDetectingUrlHandlerMapping.initApplicationContext实现。具体方法为detectHandlers
protected void detectHandlers() throws BeansException {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Looking for URL mappings in application context: " + getApplicationContext());
}
String[] beanNames = (this.detectHandlersInAncestorContexts ?
BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(getApplicationContext(), Object.class) :
getApplicationContext().getBeanNamesForType(Object.class));
// Take any bean name that we can determine URLs for.
for (String beanName : beanNames) {
String[] urls = determineUrlsForHandler(beanName);
if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(urls)) {
// URL paths found: Let's consider it a handler.
registerHandler(urls, beanName);
}
else {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Rejected bean name '" + beanName + "': no URL paths identified");
}
}
}
}
2.准确定位处理请求的具体方法（在AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter中实现）
protected ModelAndView invokeHandlerMethod(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
throws Exception {
ServletHandlerMethodResolver methodResolver = getMethodResolver(handler);
Method handlerMethod = methodResolver.resolveHandlerMethod(request);//具体实现方法的匹配
ServletHandlerMethodInvoker methodInvoker = new ServletHandlerMethodInvoker(methodResolver);
ServletWebRequest webRequest = new ServletWebRequest(request, response);
ExtendedModelMap implicitModel = new BindingAwareModelMap();
Object result = methodInvoker.invokeHandlerMethod(handlerMethod, handler, webRequest, implicitModel);
ModelAndView mav =
methodInvoker.getModelAndView(handlerMethod, handler.getClass(), result, implicitModel, webRequest);
methodInvoker.updateModelAttributes(handler, (mav != null ? mav.getModel() : null), implicitModel, webRequest);
return mav;
}
1.请求入口
@Override
protected final void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
proce***equest(request, response);
}
/**
* Delegate POST requests to {@link #proce***equest}.
* @see #doService
*/
@Override
protected final void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
proce***equest(request, response);
}
protected final void proce***equest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
Throwable failureCause = null;
// Expose current LocaleResolver and request as LocaleContext.
LocaleContext previousLocaleContext = LocaleContextHolder.getLocaleContext();
LocaleContextHolder.setLocaleContext(buildLocaleContext(request), this.threadContextInheritable);
// Expose current RequestAttributes to current thread.
RequestAttributes previousRequestAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = null;
if (previousRequestAttributes == null || previousRequestAttributes.getClass().equals(ServletRequestAttributes.class)) {
requestAttributes = new ServletRequestAttributes(request);
RequestContextHolder.setRequestAttributes(requestAttributes, this.threadContextInheritable);
}
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Bound request context to thread: " + request);
}
try {
doService(request, response);
}
catch (ServletException ex) {
failureCause = ex;
throw ex;
}
catch (IOException ex) {
failureCause = ex;
throw ex;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
failureCause = ex;
throw new NestedServletException("Request processing failed", ex);
}
finally {
// Clear request attributes and reset thread-bound context.
LocaleContextHolder.setLocaleContext(previousLocaleContext, this.threadContextInheritable);
if (requestAttributes != null) {
RequestContextHolder.setRequestAttributes(previousRequestAttributes, this.threadContextInheritable);
requestAttributes.requestCompleted();
}
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Cleared thread-bound request context: " + request);
}
if (failureCause != null) {
this.logger.debug("Could not complete request", failureCause);
}
else {
this.logger.debug("Successfully completed request");
}
if (this.publishEvents) {
// Whether or not we succeeded, publish an event.
long processingTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
this.webApplicationContext.publishEvent(
new ServletRequestHandledEvent(this,
request.getRequestURI(), request.getRemoteAddr(),
request.getMethod(), getServletConfig().getServletName(),
WebUtils.getSessionId(request), getUsernameForRequest(request),
processingTime, failureCause));
}
}
}
proce***equest方法主要做4项工作。
得到当前线程的LocaleContext和RequestAttributes，创建新的LocaleContext和RequestAttributes并重新绑定到当前线程。
调用子类实现的doService()
重置当前线程的LocaleContext和RequestAttributes
执行成功后，发布ServletRequestHandledEvent事件。
2.DispatcherServlet自定义的doService方法
protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
String requestUri = urlPathHelper.getRequestUri(request);
logger.debug("DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() + "' processing " + request.getMethod() +
" request for [" + requestUri + "]");
}
// Keep a snapshot of the request attributes in case of an include,
// to be able to restore the original attributes after the include.
Map attributesSnapshot = null;
if (WebUtils.isIncludeRequest(request)) {
logger.debug("Taking snapshot of request attributes before include");
attributesSnapshot = new HashMap();
Enumeration attrNames = request.getAttributeNames();
while (attrNames.hasMoreElements()) {
String attrName = (String) attrNames.nextElement();
if (this.cleanupAfterInclude || attrName.startsWith("org.springframework.web.servlet")) {
attributesSnapshot.put(attrName, request.getAttribute(attrName));
}
}
}
// Make framework objects available to handlers and view objects.
request.setAttribute(WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, getWebApplicationContext());
request.setAttribute(LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.localeResolver);
request.setAttribute(THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.themeResolver);
request.setAttribute(THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE, getThemeSource());
try {
doDispatch(request, response);
}
finally {
// Restore the original attribute snapshot, in case of an include.
if (attributesSnapshot != null) {
restoreAttributesAfterInclude(request, attributesSnapshot);
}
}
}
主要做两部分工作
如果是include请求，先保存一份request域数据的快照，doDispatch执行过后，将会用快照数据恢复。
调用doDispatch方法，完成请求转发。
3.doDispatch方法
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
int interceptorIndex = -1;
try {
ModelAndView mv;
boolean errorView = false;
try {
// 1.检查是否是文件上传的请求
processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
// Determine handler for the current request.
// 2.取得处理当前请求的controller,这里也称为hanlder,处理器,第一个步骤的意义就在这里体现了.
//这里并不是直接返回controller,而是返回的HandlerExecutionChain请求处理器链对象,该对象封装了handler和interceptors.
mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest, false);
if (mappedHandler == null || mappedHandler.getHandler() == null) {
noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
return;
}
// Determine handler adapter for the current request.
//3. 获取处理request的处理器适配器handler adapter
HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
// Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.
String method = request.getMethod();
boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
String requestUri = urlPathHelper.getRequestUri(request);
logger.debug("Last-Modified value for [" + requestUri + "] is: " + lastModified);
}
if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
return;
}
}
// Apply preHandle methods of registered interceptors.
// 4.拦截器的预处理方法
HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = mappedHandler.getInterceptors();
if (interceptors != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < interceptors.length; i++) {
HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];
if (!interceptor.preHandle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler())) {
triggerAfterCompletion(mappedHandler, interceptorIndex, processedRequest, response, null);
return;
}
interceptorIndex = i;
}
}
// Actually invoke the handler.
// 5.实际的处理器处理请求,返回结果视图对象
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
// Do we need view name translation?
if (mv != null && !mv.hasView()) {
mv.setViewName(getDefaultViewName(request));
}
// Apply postHandle methods of registered interceptors.
// 6.拦截器的后处理方法
if (interceptors != null) {
for (int i = interceptors.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];
interceptor.postHandle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler(), mv);
}
}
}
catch (ModelAndViewDefiningException ex) {
logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered", ex);
mv = ex.getModelAndView();
}
catch (Exception ex) {
Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null);
mv = processHandlerException(processedRequest, response, handler, ex);
errorView = (mv != null);
}
// Did the handler return a view to render?
if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {
render(mv, processedRequest, response);
if (errorView) {
WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request);
}
}
else {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Null ModelAndView returned to DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() +
"': assuming HandlerAdapter completed request handling");
}
}
// Trigger after-completion for successful outcome.
triggerAfterCompletion(mappedHandler, interceptorIndex, processedRequest, response, null);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
// Trigger after-completion for thrown exception.
triggerAfterCompletion(mappedHandler, interceptorIndex, processedRequest, response, ex);
throw ex;
}
catch (Error err) {
ServletException ex = new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err);
// Trigger after-completion for thrown exception.
triggerAfterCompletion(mappedHandler, interceptorIndex, processedRequest, response, ex);
throw ex;
}
finally {
// Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
if (processedRequest != request) {
cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
}
}
}
很明显这儿是SpringMVC核心。
1.根据请求的路径找到HandlerMethod(带有Method反射属性，也就是对应Controller中的方法)（DispatcherServlet.getHandler完成）
2.匹配路径对应的拦截器（DispatcherServlet.getHandler完成）
3.获得HandlerExecutionChain对象（DispatcherServlet.getHandler完成）
4.通过HandlerAdapter对象进行处理得到ModelAndView对象（HandlerAdapter.handle）
5.调用HandlerInterceptor.preHandle
6.调用HandlerInterceptor.postHandle
7. 渲染
4.总结
简单粗暴的总结下
step1-6: 获取controller
step5-15 :调用controller方法
step17-20:渲染view
其他：aop方式处理拦截统一处理。