iOS客户端的APNS服务简介与实现

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APNs  --Apple Push Notification Service

APNs  苹果推送服务器
Device  安装带有推送服务程序的iPhone手机
Provider  程序服务器,把需要推送的信息发给 APNs
DeviceToken  在Device第一次连接APNs时,由APNs生成的经过加密的连接认证信息。在以后的连接中,无论时Provider到APNs还是APNs到Device 都需要 DeviceToken作为认证。
Payload  需要推送的消息的主体内容。alert-alert消息的消息体,按键标题等badge-显示在程序icon右上角的数字,sound-声音提示文件的文件名,该声音资源文件要在程序包中。

整体流程大体分为五个步骤:
1: Device --> 连接-->  APNs  获取 DeviceToken
2: Device -->连接-- > Provider 提供 DeviceToken


3: Provider 侦测需要push的消息生成Notification信息

4: Provider 侦把要push的消息推送到APNs
5: APNs 把该消息推送到手机

 

介绍完APNS的概况,下面再了解一下具体的实现方法:

注:先申请APNS的证书,再进行以下操作。


1. 将app注册notification里面, 并从APNS上获取测试机的deviceToken.

 

  1. - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
  2.    [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotificationTypes:(UIRemoteNotificationTypeBadge | UIRemoteNotificationTypeSound)];
  3.        // other codes here.
  4.    return YES;
  5. }
  6.  
  7. - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)deviceToken {
  8.    NSLog(@”deviceToken: %@”, deviceToken);
  9. }
  10.  
  11. - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:(NSError *)error {
  12.    NSLog(@”Error in registration. Error: %@”, error);
  13. }
  14.  
  15. - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo
  16. {
  17.    NSLog(@” 收到推送消息 : %@”,[[userInfo objectForKey:@"aps"] objectForKey:@”alert”]);
  18.    if ([[userInfo objectForKey:@"aps"] objectForKey:@”alert”]!=NULL) {
  19.        UIAlertView* alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@”推送通知”
  20.                                                        message:[[userInfo objectForKey:@"aps"] objectForKey:@”alert”]
  21.                                                       delegate:self
  22.                                              cancelButtonTitle:@” 关闭”
  23.                                              otherButtonTitles:@” 更新状态”,nil];
  24.        [alert show];
  25.        [alert release];
  26.    }
  27. }

 

启动程序,将app注册到通知项后,在console里面找到打印的deviceToken:

 

  1. deviceToken: <6974ac11 870e09fa 00e2238e 8cfafc7d 2052e342 182f5b57 fabca445 42b72e1b>

 

2. 生成app在服务端需要的许可证
1)进入Provisioning Portal, 下载Certificates在development下的证书。
2) 找到需要测试的app id,然后enable它在development下的Apple Push Notification service: Development Push SSL Certificate。需要输入1)中的签名证书才可以生成一个aps_developer_identity.cer.
3) 双击aps_developer_identity.cer,会打开系统的key chain. 在My certificates下找到Apple Development Push Services。需要为certificate和它之下的private key各自export出一个.p12文件。(会出现设置密码过程)
4)需要将上面的2个.p12文件转成.pem格式:

 

  1. openssl pkcs12 -clcerts -nokeys -out cert.pem -in cert.p12

 

 

 

  1. openssl pkcs12 -nocerts -out key.pem -in key.p12

 
5)如果需要对 key不进行加密:

  1. openssl rsa -in key.pem -out key.unencrypted.pem

 
6)然后就可以 合并两个.pem文件, 这个ck.pem就是服务端需要的证书了。

  1. cat cert.pem key.unencrypted.pem > ck.pem

 

3. 服务端push通知到ANPS. 在cocoachina找到了两种方法:
1)php驱动。需要将ck.pem和php脚本放到server 上。全部的php代码是:

  1. $deviceToken = ’6974ac11 870e09fa 00e2238e 8cfafc7d 2052e342 182f5b57 fabca445 42b72e1b’;
  2. $pass = ’123456′;   // Passphrase for the private key (ck.pem file)
  3.  
  4. // Get the parameters from http get or from command line
  5. $message = $_GET['message'] or $message = $argv[1] or $message = ‘A test message from worldcup’;
  6. $badge = (int)$_GET['badge'] or $badge = (int)$argv[2];
  7. $sound = $_GET['sound'] or $sound = $argv[3];
  8.  
  9. // Construct the notification payload
  10. $body = array();
  11. $body['aps'] = array(‘alert’ => $message);
  12. if ($badge)
  13.  $body['aps']['badge'] = $badge;
  14. if ($sound)
  15.  $body['aps']['sound'] = $sound;
  16.  
  17. /* End of Configurable Items */
  18. $ctx = stream_context_create();
  19. stream_context_set_option($ctx, ‘ssl’, ‘local_cert’, ‘ck.pem’);
  20. // assume the private key passphase was removed.
  21. stream_context_set_option($ctx, ‘ssl’, ‘passphrase’, $pass);
  22.  
  23. // connect to apns
  24. $fp = stream_socket_client(‘ssl://gateway.sandbox.push.apple.com:2195′, $err, $errstr, 60, STREAM_CLIENT_CONNECT, $ctx);
  25. if (!$fp) {
  26.    print “Failed to connect $err $errstr\n”;
  27.    return;
  28. }
  29. else {
  30.   print “Connection OK\n
    ”;
  31. }
  32.  
  33. // send message
  34. $payload = json_encode($body);
  35. $msg = chr(0) . pack(“n”,32) . pack(‘H*’, str_replace(‘ ‘, ”, $deviceToken)) . pack(“n”,strlen($payload)) . $payload;
  36. print “Sending message :” . $payload . “\n”;
  37. fwrite($fp, $msg);
  38. fclose($fp);
  39. ?>

 
请 求一次 http://127.0.0.1/apns /apns.php?message=A%20test%20message%20from%20localhost&badge=2& sound=received5.caf就 会向APNS进行一次推送。我的请求结果如下:

 

  1.  
    1. Connection OK

                2. Sending message :{“aps”:{“alert”:”A test message from localhost”,”badge”:2,”sound”:”received5.caf”}}
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