如何搭建 Elasticsearch-kibana 环境?

本文是作者 云清 在 GitChat 上的分享

前言

  1. Elasticsearch 和 Kibana 均基于 5.5.3 版本;
官方建议:在二者版本选择时, Elasticsearch 应该大于等于 Kibana 版本,否则在使用和升级过程中会出问题,截至文章出稿,已经更新到 6.3.0 版本,本文以 5.5.3 版本为例,对其他版本安装有同样的参考作用。
  1. 服务器配置为:阿里云 ECS,1 核,2G 内存
  2. 系统版本为:CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

4.本教程重点在于“如何搭建 Elasticsearch - Kibana 环境”,对于二者是什么,能干什么,使用场景,这里不做过多说明,读者可自行查询资料;Elasticsearch 如何使用,作者后期会出 Elasticsearch 从入门到实战系列教程。

5.搭建此环境的难点在于:过程中会出现各种配置问题,需要修改,但是网上资料残次不齐,或者不全,或者只给出了一行解决命令,但是没有解释为什么这么修改,这个命令是干什么的,对于 Linux 基础不好的读者而言,盲目执行命令可能会对服务器有负面影响;本文不敢说全面,但是给出解决方案时,会详细告知这个命令的作用和使用方法;

  1. 由于系统环境不同,本文肯定没有周全的给出所有的问题解决方案,如果有新问题,乐于一起探讨解决。

本文共分为以下几个步骤:

1. 检查 JDK 版本

ES 使用 Java 编写,安装 ES 之前,需要先检查 JDK 环境,一般要求在 1.7 以上,如果没有安装 JDK,建议直接安装 1.8 版本。安装过程参考:JDK 安装

[root@izbp163wlhi02tcaxyuxb7z wang]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_172"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_172-b11)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.172-b11, mixed mode)

2. 下载 Elasticsearch 安装包,解压

官方地址

我这里安装在 Linux 环境,下载 tar 包,下载完后解压:

tar -zxvf elasticsearch-5.5.3.tar.gz

3. 启动 Elasticsearch

在 bin/ 目录下,直接执行 ./elasticsearch 命令即可。

由于 Elasticsearch 运行的环境需求,默认的系统环境一般都需要再做调整,启动可能会报如下的一些错误。

3.1 解决内存分配问题

[root@izbp163wlhi02tcaxyuxb7z elasticsearch-5.5.3]# ./bin/elasticsearch
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning:

INFO: os::commit_memory(0x0000000085330000, 2060255232, 0) failed; error='Cannot allocate memory' (errno=12)
#
# There is insufficient memory for the Java Runtime Environment to continue.
# Native memory allocation (mmap) failed to map 2060255232 bytes for committing reserved memory.
# An error report file with more information is saved as:
# /usr/local/wang/elasticsearch-5.5.3/hs_err_pid15795.log

原因:这是由于 Elasticsearch 这个版本默认分配 JVM 空间大小为 2g(不同版本默认值不一样),而示例所用服务器为 1 核 2G,所以会报出内存分配错误,我们去配置文件修改 JVM 空间分配:

// 文件目录在:/elasticsearch-5.5.3/config
[root@izbp163wlhi02tcaxyuxb7z config]#  vim jvm.options 

-Xms2g  
-Xmx2g  

改为

-Xms512m 
-Xmx512m

如果还是报这个错误,那继续减小这个数值,这个得看机器配置。

3.2 解决用户权限问题

错误:

[2018-07-04T10:43:45,590][WARN ][o.e.b.ElasticsearchUncaughtExceptionHandler] [] uncaught exception in thread [main]
org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.StartupException: java.lang.RuntimeException: can not run elasticsearch as root
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.init(Elasticsearch.java:127) ~[elasticsearch-5.5.3.jar:5.5.3]
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.execute(Elasticsearch.java:114) ~[elasticsearch-5.5.3.jar:5.5.3]
    at org.elasticsearch.cli.EnvironmentAwareCommand.execute(EnvironmentAwareCommand.java:67) ~[elasticsearch-5.5.3.jar:5.5.3]
    at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.mainWithoutErrorHandling(Command.java:122) ~[elasticsearch-5.5.3.jar:5.5.3]
    at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.main(Command.java:88) ~[elasticsearch-5.5.3.jar:5.5.3]
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:91) ~[elasticsearch-5.5.3.jar:5.5.3]
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:84) ~[elasticsearch-5.5.3.jar:5.5.3]
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: can not run elasticsearch as root
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.initializeNatives(Bootstrap.java:106) ~[elasticsearch-5.5.3.jar:5.5.3]
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.setup(Bootstrap.java:194) ~[elasticsearch-5.5.3.jar:5.5.3]
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.init(Bootstrap.java:351) ~[elasticsearch-5.5.3.jar:5.5.3]
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.init(Elasticsearch.java:123) ~[elasticsearch-5.5.3.jar:5.5.3]
    ... 6 more

//查看当前用户
[root@izbp163wlhi02tcaxyuxb7z elasticsearch-5.5.3]# whoami
root

原因:由于 Elasticsearch 可以输入且执行脚本,为了系统安全,不允许使用 root 启动;我们看看有没有可用的用户。

[root@izbp163wlhi02tcaxyuxb7z elasticsearch-5.5.3]# cat /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:997:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
chrony:x:998:996::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
nscd:x:28:28:NSCD Daemon:/:/sbin/nologin
dockerroot:x:997:994:Docker User:/var/lib/docker:/sbin/nologin
//用户名:密码:用户id:用户所在组id:备注:用户家目录:shell命令所在目录

如果发现用户都是系统自带的用户,那我们最好还是自己新建一个用户,我这里新建一个用户 wang,分组为 wang,密码为 wang。

//添加分组wang
groupadd wang

//添加用户wang,分组在wang,密码wang
useradd  wang -g wang -p wang

//授权 /usr/local/wang/elasticsearch-5.5.3目录下的文件拥有者为 wang(用户):wang(分组)
chown -R wang:wang /usr/local/wang/elasticsearch-5.5.3

//切换用户
//使用su和sudo是有区别的,使用su切换用户需要输入所切换到的用户的密码,而使用sudo则是当前用户的密码。 
su wang

再次启动。

记住:后面修改文件时有时需要切到 root 用户,但是启动时记得切回来,不要在 root 下启动!

[wang@izbp163wlhi02tcaxyuxb7z elasticsearch-5.5.3]$ ./bin/elasticsearch
[2018-07-04T11:25:22,745][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [] initializing ...
[2018-07-04T11:25:22,891][INFO ][o.e.e.NodeEnvironment    ] [VKU0UAW] using [1] data paths, mounts [[/ (rootfs)]], net usable_space [32.9gb], net total_space [39.2gb], spins? [unknown], types [rootfs]
[2018-07-04T11:25:22,892][INFO ][o.e.e.NodeEnvironment    ] [VKU0UAW] heap size [503.6mb], compressed ordinary object pointers [true]
[2018-07-04T11:25:22,894][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] node name [VKU0UAW] derived from node ID [VKU0UAWPT06PPv0aYHIuDw]; set [node.name] to override
[2018-07-04T11:25:22,894][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] version[5.5.3], pid[16641], build[9305a5e/2017-09-07T15:56:59.599Z], OS[Linux/3.10.0-693.2.2.el7.x86_64/amd64], JVM[Oracle Corporation/Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM/1.8.0_172/25.172-b11]
[2018-07-04T11:25:22,894][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] JVM arguments [-Xms512m, -Xmx512m, -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC, -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75, -XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly, -XX:+AlwaysPreTouch, -Xss1m, -Djava.awt.headless=true, -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8, -Djna.nosys=true, -Djdk.io.permissionsUseCanonicalPath=true, -Dio.netty.noUnsafe=true, -Dio.netty.noKeySetOptimization=true, -Dio.netty.recycler.maxCapacityPerThread=0, -Dlog4j.shutdownHookEnabled=false, -Dlog4j2.disable.jmx=true, -Dlog4j.skipJansi=true, -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError, -Des.path.home=/usr/local/wang/elasticsearch-5.5.3]
[2018-07-04T11:25:25,352][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] loaded module [aggs-matrix-stats]
[2018-07-04T11:25:25,353][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] loaded module [ingest-common]
[2018-07-04T11:25:25,353][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] loaded module [lang-expression]
[2018-07-04T11:25:25,353][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] loaded module [lang-groovy]
[2018-07-04T11:25:25,353][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] loaded module [lang-mustache]
[2018-07-04T11:25:25,353][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] loaded module [lang-painless]
[2018-07-04T11:25:25,353][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] loaded module [parent-join]
[2018-07-04T11:25:25,353][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] loaded module [percolator]
[2018-07-04T11:25:25,353][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] loaded module [reindex]
[2018-07-04T11:25:25,353][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] loaded module [transport-netty3]
[2018-07-04T11:25:25,353][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] loaded module [transport-netty4]
[2018-07-04T11:25:25,354][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] no plugins loaded
[2018-07-04T11:25:28,878][INFO ][o.e.d.DiscoveryModule    ] [VKU0UAW] using discovery type [zen]
[2018-07-04T11:25:29,988][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] initialized
[2018-07-04T11:25:29,988][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [VKU0UAW] starting ...
[2018-07-04T11:25:30,358][INFO ][o.e.t.TransportService   ] [VKU0UAW] publish_address {127.0.0.1:9300}, bound_addresses {127.0.0.1:9300}
[2018-07-04T11:25:30,377][WARN ][o.e.b.BootstrapChecks    ] [VKU0UAW] max file descriptors [65535] for elasticsearch process is too low, increase to at least [65536]
[2018-07-04T11:25:30,377][WARN ][o.e.b.BootstrapChecks    ] [VKU0UAW] max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65530] is too low, increase to at least [262144]
[2018-07-04T11:25:33,470][INFO ][o.e.c.s.ClusterService   ] [VKU0UAW] new_master {VKU0UAW}{VKU0UAWPT06PPv0aYHIuDw}{gqVgexbbSx-6IWNhGSzvRw}{127.0.0.1}{127.0.0.1:9300}, reason: zen-disco-elected-as-master ([0] nodes joined)
[2018-07-04T11:25:33,589][INFO ][o.e.h.n.Netty4HttpServerTransport] [VKU0UAW] publish_address {127.0.0.1:9200}, bound_addresses {127.0.0.1:9200}
[2018-07-04T11:25:33,590][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [VKU0UAW] started
[2018-07-04T11:25:33,618][INFO ][o.e.g.GatewayService     ] [VKU0UAW] recovered [0] indices into cluster_state

启动成功后,通过启动信息,我们可以知道默认的端口在 9200,但是信息中有两个 warn 级别的日志,我们先去浏览器访问的试试。

http://xx.xx.xx.xx:9200

发现还是无法访问。

3.3 无法访问

原因:默认访问地址是 localhost,我们要外网访问,需要去修改下配置文件,elasticsearch-5.5.3/config 下的 elasticsearch.yml。

 vim elasticsearch.yml 

将network.host放开,修改为0.0.0.0下,将http.port放开,如下:

# ---------------------------------- Network -----------------------------------
#
# Set the bind address to a specific IP (IPv4 or IPv6):
#
#network.host: 192.168.0.1
network.host: 0.0.0.0
#
# Set a custom port for HTTP:
#
http.port: 9200
#
# For more information, consult the network module documentation.
#

再次尝试启动。

3.4 解决 ERROR: [2] bootstrap checks failed

[2018-07-04T16:00:28,070][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] initialized
[2018-07-04T16:00:28,070][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [VKU0UAW] starting ...
[2018-07-04T16:00:28,377][INFO ][o.e.t.TransportService   ] [VKU0UAW] publish_address {172.16.229.31:9300}, bound_addresses {0.0.0.0:9300}
[2018-07-04T16:00:28,401][INFO ][o.e.b.BootstrapChecks    ] [VKU0UAW] bound or publishing to a non-loopback or non-link-local address, enforcing bootstrap checks
ERROR: [2] bootstrap checks failed
[1]: max file descriptors [65535] for elasticsearch process is too low, increase to at least [65536]
[2]: max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65530] is too low, increase to at least [262144]
[2018-07-04T16:00:28,485][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [VKU0UAW] stopping ...
[2018-07-04T16:00:28,535][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [VKU0UAW] stopped
[2018-07-04T16:00:28,536][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [VKU0UAW] closing ...
[2018-07-04T16:00:28,550][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [VKU0UAW] closed

这里其实是两个错误,就是前面的两个 warn 信息。

3.4.1 解决 max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65530] is too low, increase to at least [262144]

原因:max_map_count 这个参数就是允许一个进程在 VMAs(虚拟内存区域)拥有最大数量,VMA 是一个连续的虚拟地址空间,当进程创建一个内存映像文件时 VMA 的地址空间就会增加,当达 到max_map_count 了就是返回 out of memory errors

出现这个问题,我们需要切换到 root 用户下。

// 修改下面的文件  里面是一些内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf 

//添加以下配置  
vm.max_map_count=655360

添加完后保存,然后执行:

sysctl -p
//-p   从指定的文件加载系统参数,如不指定即从/etc/sysctl.conf中加载
3.4.2 解决 max file descriptors [65535] for elasticsearch process is too low, increase to at least [65536]

原因:最大文件打开数量太小,出现此错误,切换到 root 用户下,修改 limits.conf。

// 编辑此文件
[root@izbp163wlhi02tcaxyuxb7z /]# vim etc/security/limits.conf

在文件后加上

* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 65536

5.5.3 版本,此文件有这几个值,我们只需要把这几个值从 65535 改为 65536 即可。

# End of file
root soft nofile 65536
root hard nofile 65536
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 65536

切回原来用户,再次重启 ES,检查 ES 是否启动成功。

启动成功后提示如下:

[wang@izbp163wlhi02tcaxyuxb7z elasticsearch-5.5.3]$ ./bin/elasticsearch
[2018-07-04T16:28:45,250][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [] initializing ...
[2018-07-04T16:28:45,359][INFO ][o.e.e.NodeEnvironment    ] [VKU0UAW] using [1] data paths, mounts [[/ (rootfs)]], net usable_space [32.9gb], net total_space [39.2gb], spins? [unknown], types [rootfs]
[2018-07-04T16:28:45,361][INFO ][o.e.e.NodeEnvironment    ] [VKU0UAW] heap size [503.6mb], compressed ordinary object pointers [true]
[2018-07-04T16:28:45,362][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] node name [VKU0UAW] derived from node ID [VKU0UAWPT06PPv0aYHIuDw]; set [node.name] to override
[2018-07-04T16:28:45,362][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] version[5.5.3], pid[21467], build[9305a5e/2017-09-07T15:56:59.599Z], OS[Linux/3.10.0-693.2.2.el7.x86_64/amd64], JVM[Oracle Corporation/Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM/1.8.0_172/25.172-b11]
[2018-07-04T16:28:45,363][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] JVM arguments [-Xms512m, -Xmx512m, -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC, -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75, -XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly, -XX:+AlwaysPreTouch, -Xss1m, -Djava.awt.headless=true, -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8, -Djna.nosys=true, -Djdk.io.permissionsUseCanonicalPath=true, -Dio.netty.noUnsafe=true, -Dio.netty.noKeySetOptimization=true, -Dio.netty.recycler.maxCapacityPerThread=0, -Dlog4j.shutdownHookEnabled=false, -Dlog4j2.disable.jmx=true, -Dlog4j.skipJansi=true, -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError, -Des.path.home=/usr/local/wang/elasticsearch-5.5.3]
[2018-07-04T16:28:46,941][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] loaded module [aggs-matrix-stats]
[2018-07-04T16:28:46,941][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] loaded module [ingest-common]
[2018-07-04T16:28:46,941][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] loaded module [lang-expression]
[2018-07-04T16:28:46,941][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] loaded module [lang-groovy]
[2018-07-04T16:28:46,941][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] loaded module [lang-mustache]
[2018-07-04T16:28:46,941][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] loaded module [lang-painless]
[2018-07-04T16:28:46,941][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] loaded module [parent-join]
[2018-07-04T16:28:46,950][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] loaded module [percolator]
[2018-07-04T16:28:46,950][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] loaded module [reindex]
[2018-07-04T16:28:46,950][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] loaded module [transport-netty3]
[2018-07-04T16:28:46,950][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] loaded module [transport-netty4]
[2018-07-04T16:28:46,950][INFO ][o.e.p.PluginsService     ] [VKU0UAW] no plugins loaded
[2018-07-04T16:28:50,067][INFO ][o.e.d.DiscoveryModule    ] [VKU0UAW] using discovery type [zen]
[2018-07-04T16:28:51,171][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] initialized
[2018-07-04T16:28:51,172][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [VKU0UAW] starting ...
[2018-07-04T16:28:51,484][INFO ][o.e.t.TransportService   ] [VKU0UAW] publish_address {172.16.229.31:9300}, bound_addresses {0.0.0.0:9300}
[2018-07-04T16:28:51,513][INFO ][o.e.b.BootstrapChecks    ] [VKU0UAW] bound or publishing to a non-loopback or non-link-local address, enforcing bootstrap checks
[2018-07-04T16:28:54,650][INFO ][o.e.c.s.ClusterService   ] [VKU0UAW] new_master {VKU0UAW}{VKU0UAWPT06PPv0aYHIuDw}{1HxIYnvrQ9KkyLOzhVwe3Q}{172.16.229.31}{172.16.229.31:9300}, reason: zen-disco-elected-as-master ([0] nodes joined)
[2018-07-04T16:28:54,708][INFO ][o.e.h.n.Netty4HttpServerTransport] [VKU0UAW] publish_address {172.16.229.31:9200}, bound_addresses {0.0.0.0:9200}
[2018-07-04T16:28:54,708][INFO ][o.e.n.Node               ] [VKU0UAW] started
[2018-07-04T16:28:54,738][INFO ][o.e.g.GatewayService     ] [VKU0UAW] recovered [0] indices into cluster_state
[2018-07-04T16:38:43,328][INFO ][o.e.c.m.MetaDataCreateIndexService] [VKU0UAW] [.kibana] creating index, cause [api], templates [], shards [1]/[1], mappings [_default_, index-pattern, server, visualization, search, timelion-sheet, config, dashboard, url]

仔细检查,日志都是 info 级别,没有问题,去页面访问 xx.xx.xx.xx:9200

页面会出现如下信息:

{
    "name": "VKU0UAW",
    "cluster_name": "elasticsearch",
    "cluster_uuid": "TTJuSo16Tny1lUoFmnF-dA",
    "version": {
        "number": "5.5.3",
        "build_hash": "9305a5e",
        "build_date": "2017-09-07T15:56:59.599Z",
        "build_snapshot": false,
        "lucene_version": "6.6.0"
    },
    "tagline": "You Know, for Search"
}

至此,Elasticsearch 安装完毕。

3.5 后台启动 Elasticsearch

下面这种方式是在前台启动,我们关闭命令行或者退出,应用就会关闭。

[wang@izbp163wlhi02tcaxyuxb7z elasticsearch-5.5.3]$ ./bin/elasticsearch 

所以,我们需要在后台启动,这样当我们退出时,应用仍在后台运行。

[wang@izbp163wlhi02tcaxyuxb7z elasticsearch-5.5.3]$ ./bin/elasticsearch -d

3.6 停止后台服务

前台启动,直接 ctrl+c 退出即可,后台启动,停止时可以直接杀掉进程。

[wang@izbp163wlhi02tcaxyuxb7z bin]$ ./elasticsearch -d
[wang@izbp163wlhi02tcaxyuxb7z bin]$ jps
3697 Elasticsearch
3771 Jps
[wang@izbp163wlhi02tcaxyuxb7z bin]$ kill -9 3697

4. 下载 Kibana 安装包,解压

每一个版本的 ES 都有一个对应的 Kibana 版本,我们可以去下面的地址查找最新的版本,建议和 ES 相同版本。

下载地址
//解压:
tar -zxvf kibana-5.5.3-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

5. 启动 Kibana

[wang@izbp163wlhi02tcaxyuxb7z kibana-5.5.3-linux-x86_64]$ ./bin/kibana

Kibana 默认是在前台启动,可以通过 ctrl+c 命令停止。

解压时的文件夹下装着所有 Kibana 相关的文件,我们不用新建其他文件,当我们需要删除时,直接删除此文件夹即可。

启动后消息如下:

[wang@izbp163wlhi02tcaxyuxb7z kibana-5.5.3-linux-x86_64]$ ./bin/kibana
  log   [03:49:45.116] [info][status][plugin:[email protected]] Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready
  log   [03:49:45.188] [info][status][plugin:[email protected]] Status changed from uninitialized to yellow - Waiting for Elasticsearch
  log   [03:49:45.215] [error][admin][elasticsearch] Request error, retrying
HEAD http://localhost:9200/ => connect ECONNREFUSED 127.0.0.1:9200
  log   [03:49:45.219] [info][status][plugin:[email protected]] Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready
  log   [03:49:45.224] [warning][admin][elasticsearch] Unable to revive connection: http://localhost:9200/
  log   [03:49:45.225] [warning][admin][elasticsearch] No living connections
  log   [03:49:45.228] [error][status][plugin:[email protected]] Status changed from yellow to red - Unable to connect to Elasticsearch at http://localhost:9200.
  log   [03:49:45.251] [info][status][plugin:[email protected]] Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready
  log   [03:49:45.454] [info][status][plugin:[email protected]] Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready
  log   [03:49:45.459] [info][listening] Server running at http://localhost:5601
  log   [03:49:45.461] [error][status][ui settings] Status changed from uninitialized to red - Elasticsearch plugin is red
  log   [03:49:47.735] [warning][admin][elasticsearch] Unable to revive connection: http://localhost:9200/
  log   [03:49:47.735] [warning][admin][elasticsearch] No living connections
  log   [03:49:50.244] [warning][admin][elasticsearch] Unable to revive connection: http://localhost:9200/
  log   [03:49:50.245] [warning][admin][elasticsearch] No living connections
  log   [03:49:52.751] [warning][admin][elasticsearch] Unable to revive connection: http://localhost:9200/
  log   [03:49:52.751] [warning][admin][elasticsearch] No living connections
    ......

我们可以看到,他会默认去链接同一台服务器上的 9200 端口提供的服务,如果没有启动 Elasticsearch 服务,他会一直尝试去连接,我们启动下 Elasticsearch。

访问 http://xx.xx.xx.xx:5601,然后发现访问不了,我们注意上面的日志,有这么一句:

  log   [03:49:45.459] [info][listening] Server running at http://localhost:5601

5.1 Kibana 外网无法访问

在 config/kibana.yml 中,有如下配置,意思是默认是 localhost,外网是无法访问的,如果外网想访问,那需要修改一下 server.host。

# Kibana is served by a back end server. This setting specifies the port to use.
#server.port: 5601

# Specifies the address to which the Kibana server will bind. IP addresses and host names are both valid values.
# The default is 'localhost', which usually means remote machines will not be able to connect.
# To allow connections from remote users, set this parameter to a non-loopback address.
#server.host: "localhost"

我们放开端口,放开 server.host,并修改如下:

server.port: 5601
server.host: 0.0.0.0

意思是任何人都可以访问,然后再次启动,访问http://xx.xx.xx.xx:5601,出现如下页面,说明大功告成。

5.2 Kibana 后台启动

当使用前台启动时,如果我们退出终端,服务就会停止,我们可以使用 nohup 命令来启动。

[root@izbp163wlhi02tcaxyuxb7z kibana-5.5.3-linux-x86_64]# nohup ./bin/kibana &

nohup 命令:如果你在运行一个进程,你希望在退出账户或者关闭终端时继续运行相应的进程,就可以使用 nohup(no hang up); 该命令格式为:nohup command &

6. Kibana 目录结构分析

我们查看下 Kibana 的目录:

[wang@izbp163wlhi02tcaxyuxb7z kibana-5.5.3-linux-x86_64]$ ls
bin  config  data  LICENSE.txt  node  node_modules  NOTICE.txt  optimize  package.json  plugins  README.txt  src  ui_framework  webpackShims
  • bin:二进制脚本,包括 Kibana 启动 Kibana 服务和 Kibana-plugin 安装插件
  • config:配置文件,包括 kibana.yml
  • data:Kibana 和其插件写入磁盘的数据文件位置
  • optimize:编译过的源码。某些管理操作(如插件安装)导致运行时重新编译源码
  • plugins:插件文件位置。每一个插件都有一个单独的二级目录
拓展阅读:《高可用 Elasticsearch 集群 21 讲》。

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