通过案例学调优之--SQL Profile
一、什么是SQL Profile(概要)
SQL Profile在性能优化中占有一个重要的位置。
MOS里这么描述SQL Profile:
SQL Profile是10g中的新特性,作为自动SQL调整过程的一部分,由Oracle企业管理器来管理。除了OEM,SQL Profile可以通过DBMS_SQLTUNE包来进行管理。
查询优化器有时候会因为缺乏足够的信息,而对一条SQL语句做出错误的估计,生成糟糕的执行计划。而自动SQL调整通过SQL概要分析来解决这个问题,自动调整优化器会生成这条SQL语句的一个概要,称作SQL Profile。它由针对这条语句的一些辅助统计信息组成,通过采样和局部执行技术来确认,必要的话,会调整执行计划中的估计值。在SQL概要分析中,自动调整优化器还可以通过一条SQL语句的执行历史信息来设置合适的优化器参数,比如将OPTIMIZER_MODE参数由ALL_ROWS改为FIRST_ROWS。
换句话说,SQL概要是一个对象,它包含了可以帮助查询优化器为一个特定的SQL语句找到高效执行计划的信息。这些信息包括执行环境、对象统计和对查询优化器所做评估的修正信息。它的最大优点之一就是在不修改SQL语句和会话执行环境的情况下影响查询优化器的决定。(《Oracle性能诊断艺术》)
SQL Profile中包含的并非单个执行计划的信息,必须注意的是,SQL Profile不会固定一个SQL语句的执行计划。当表的数据增长或者索引创建、删除,使用同一个SQL Profile的执行计划可能会改变,而储存在SQL Profile中的信息会继续起作用。然而,经过一段很长的时间之后,它的信息有可能会过时,需要重新生成。
SQL Profile的作用范围由CATEGORY属性来控制,这个属性决定了哪些用户会话可以应用这个概要。你可以从DBA_SQL_PROFILES中的CATEGORY字段来查看这个属性。默认情况下,所有概要文件都创建为DEFAULT范畴,这意味着所有SQLTUNE_CATEGORY初始化参数为DEFAULT的用户会话都可以使用这个概要。你可以修改这个属性,比如将其改为SCO,则SQLTUNE_GATEGORY参数为SCO的用户会话才能使用它,利用这个功能,你可以在一个受限制的环境中来测试一个SQL Profile。
16:42:03 SYS@ prod >desc dba_sql_profiles Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------------------------------- -------- -------------------------------------------- NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30) CATEGORY NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30) SIGNATURE NOT NULL NUMBER SQL_TEXT NOT NULL CLOB CREATED NOT NULL TIMESTAMP(6) LAST_MODIFIED TIMESTAMP(6) DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(500) TYPE VARCHAR2(7) STATUS VARCHAR2(8) FORCE_MATCHING VARCHAR2(3) TASK_ID NUMBER TASK_EXEC_NAME VARCHAR2(30) TASK_OBJ_ID NUMBER TASK_FND_ID NUMBER TASK_REC_ID NUMBER 16:50:43 SYS@ prod >select name, CATEGORY,sql_text,status from dba_sql_profiles; no rows selected
SQL Profile可以作用在如下表达式中:SELECT; UPDATE; INSERT(在包含SELECT子句的情况下); DELETE; CREATE TABLE(包含SELECT子句的情况下); MERGE(UPDATE或INSERT操作)。
二、SQL Profile的管理
Oracle执行SQL语句的步骤如下:
1. 用户传送要执行的SQL语句给SQL引擎
2. SQL引擎要求查询优化器提供执行计划
3. 查询优化取得系统统计信息、SQL语句引用对象的对象统计信息、SQL概要和构成执行环境的初始化参数
4. 查询优化器分析SQL语句并产生执行计划
5. 将执行计划传递给SQL引擎
6. SQL引擎执行SQL语句
SQL Profile可以由OEM来管理,也可以通过DBMS_SQLTUNE包来手动使用。
(1)、使用OEM时步骤如下:
1. 在Performance页面,点击Top Activity。出现了Top Activity页面
2. 在Top SQL下面,点击正在使用SQL Profile的SQL表达式的SQL ID链接,会出现一个SQL Details页面
3. 点击Plan Control选项卡,在SQL Profiles and Outlines下面会显示一个SQL profile的列表
4. 选择你想要管理的SQL Profile,可以做如下操作:启用或禁用、移除
5. 会出现一个确认的页面,点击Yes继续,No取消
(2)、使用DBMS_SQLTUNE包
如果使用DBMS_SQLTUNE包,你需要CREATE ANY SQL_PROFILE、DROP ANY SQL_PROFILE还有ALTER ANY SQL_PROFILE的系统权限。
1)、创建sql profile
使用DBMS_SQLTUNE.ACCEPT_SQL_PROFILE过程来接受并创建SQL Tuning Advisor建议的SQL Profile
DECLARE my_sqlprofile_name VARCHAR2(30); BEGIN my_sqlprofile_name := DBMS_SQLTUNE.ACCEPT_SQL_PROFILE ( task_name => 'my_sql_tuning_task', name => 'my_sql_profile'); END;
这个过程的传入参数中有一个可选参数force_match,默认为FALSE。当设置为FALSE时,不区分空白和大小写,为TRUE时,空白、大小写和字面量都不区分。通过企业管理器来接受SQL概要时,这个参数在ORACLE11g中才可以设置。
2)、修改SQL Profile
可以修改STATUS、NAME、DESCRIPTION和CATEGORY属性
BEGIN DBMS_SQLTUNE.ALTER_SQL_PROFILE( name => 'my_sql_profile', attribute_name => 'STATUS', value => 'DISABLED'); END; /
3)、删除SQL Profile
begin DBMS_SQLTUNE.DROP_SQL_PROFILE(name => 'my_sql_profile'); end; /
对我们来说,重点在于创建SQL Profile时的my_sql_tuning_task上,它通过函数create_tuning_task来创建,执行这个函数需要传递下面的参数之一:SQL语句文本、存储在共享池中的SQL语句引用(sql_id)、存储在自动工作量资料库中的SQL语句引用(sql_id)、SQL调优集名称。
比如利用sql_id来创建tuning_task,我们可以这么运行 declare tuning_task varchar2(30); begin tuning_task:=dbms_sqltune.create_tuning_task(sql_id => 'bfb9vn0gh3z0t'); dbms_output.put_line(tuning_task); end;
什么是SQL调优集(tuning set)?简单来讲,SQL调优集是存储一系列SQL语句及其相关信息的对象集合,这些信息包括执行环境、运行统计和可选的执行计划。
下面引用MOS提供的一个示例来演示一下这个过程
案例分析:
1、scott用户执行sql 17:19:56 SCOTT@ prod >create table test (n number); Table created. 17:20:16 SCOTT@ prod >begin 17:20:24 2 for i in 1..100000 loop 17:20:36 3 insert into test values (i); 17:20:47 4 commit; 17:20:49 5 end loop; 17:20:52 6 end; 17:20:53 7 / PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 17:22:02 SCOTT@ prod >create index test_ind on test(n); Index created. 17:22:55 SCOTT@ prod >exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(user,'TEST' ,cascade=>true); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 17:23:15 SCOTT@ prod >set autotrace on 17:23:43 SCOTT@ prod >select * from test where n=100; N ---------- 100 Elapsed: 00:00:00.01 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 3357096749 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 5 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| TEST_IND | 1 | 5 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): --------------------------------------------------- 1 - access("N"=100) Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 1 recursive calls 0 db block gets 3 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redo size 415 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 419 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed 对此sql建立sql profile: 17:24:02 SCOTT@ prod >select /*+ no_index(test,test_ind) */ * from test where n=100; N ---------- 100 Elapsed: 00:00:00.01 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 1357081020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 5 | 69 (2)| 00:00:01 | |* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| TEST | 1 | 5 | 69 (2)| 00:00:01 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): --------------------------------------------------- 1 - filter("N"=100) Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 1 recursive calls 0 db block gets 191 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redo size 415 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 419 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed 2、通过sys用户建立sql profile(使用dbms_sqltune包) 17:28:26 SYS@ prod >declare 17:29:34 2 17:29:34 3 my_task_name VARCHAR2(30); 17:29:34 4 17:29:34 5 my_sqltext CLOB; 17:29:34 6 17:29:34 7 begin 17:29:34 8 17:29:34 9 my_sqltext := 'select /*+ no_index(test test_ind) */ * from test where n=100'; 17:29:34 10 17:29:34 11 my_task_name := DBMS_SQLTUNE.CREATE_TUNING_TASK( 17:29:34 12 17:29:34 13 sql_text => my_sqltext, 17:29:34 14 17:29:34 15 user_name => 'SCOTT', 17:29:34 16 17:29:34 17 scope => 'COMPREHENSIVE', 17:29:34 18 17:29:34 19 time_limit => 60, 17:29:34 20 17:29:34 21 task_name => 'my_tun1', 17:29:34 22 17:29:34 23 description => 'Task to tune a query on a specified table'); 17:29:34 24 17:29:34 25 end; 17:29:35 26 / PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 建立调优任务: 17:29:37 SYS@ prod >begin 17:30:39 2 17:30:39 3 DBMS_SQLTUNE.EXECUTE_TUNING_TASK( task_name => 'my_tun1'); 17:30:39 4 17:30:39 5 end; 17:30:39 6 17:30:39 7 / PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 查看调优task: 17:32:47 SYS@ prod >set long 1000 17:33:17 SYS@ prod >set longchunksize 1000 17:33:24 SYS@ prod >set linesize 100 17:33:32 SYS@ prod >SELECT DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('my_tun1') from dual DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('MY_TUN1') ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GENERAL INFORMATION SECTION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tuning Task Name : my_tun1 Tuning Task Owner : SYS Workload Type : Single SQL Statement Scope : COMPREHENSIVE Time Limit(seconds): 60 Completion Status : COMPLETED Started at : 11/07/2014 17:30:41 Completed at : 11/07/2014 17:30:49 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Schema Name: SCOTT SQL ID : b1wdr0b0qzsbg SQL Text : select /*+ no_index(test test_ind) */ * from test where n=100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('MY_TUN1') ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FINDINGS SECTION (1 finding) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- SQL Profile Finding (see explain plans section below) -------------------------------------------------------- A potentially better execution plan was found for this statement. Recommendation (estimated benefit: 99.41%) 17:34:58 SYS@ prod >execute dbms_sqltune.accept_sql_profile(task_name =>'my_tun1',task_owner => 'SYS', replace => TRUE); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 建立sql profile: 17:39:22 SYS@ prod >DECLARE 17:41:13 2 17:41:13 3 my_sqlprofile_name VARCHAR2(30); 17:41:13 4 17:41:13 5 begin 17:41:13 6 17:41:13 7 my_sqlprofile_name := DBMS_SQLTUNE.ACCEPT_SQL_PROFILE ( 17:41:13 8 17:41:13 9 task_name => 'my_tun1', 17:41:13 10 17:41:13 11 name => 'my_sqlprofile',force_match=>false); 17:41:13 12 17:41:13 13 end; 17:41:15 14 / DECLARE * ERROR at line 1: ORA-13830: SQL profile with category DEFAULT already exists for this SQL statement ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SQLTUNE_INTERNAL", line 16259 ORA-06512: at "SYS.PRVT_SQLPROF_INFRA", line 31 ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SQLTUNE", line 7133 ORA-06512: at line 7 17:44:28 SYS@ prod >DECLARE 17:46:00 2 17:46:00 3 my_sqlprofile_name VARCHAR2(30); 17:46:00 4 17:46:00 5 begin 17:46:00 6 17:46:00 7 my_sqlprofile_name := DBMS_SQLTUNE.ACCEPT_SQL_PROFILE ( 17:46:00 8 17:46:00 9 task_name => 'my_tun1', 17:46:00 10 17:46:00 11 name => 'my_sqlprofile',force_match=>false,CATEGORY=>'scott'); 17:46:00 12 17:46:00 13 end; 17:46:01 14 / PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 17:53:49 SYS@ prod >select name, CATEGORY,sql_text,status from dba_sql_profiles; NAME CATEGORY ------------------------------ ------------------------------ SQL_TEXT ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- STATUS -------- SYS_SQLPROF_0149899c759a0000 DEFAULT select /*+ no_index(test test_ind) */ * from test where n=100 ENABLED my_sqlprofile SCOTT select /*+ no_index(test test_ind) */ * from test where n=100 ENABLED 删除存在的sql profile: 17:53:51 SYS@ prod >exec DBMS_SQLTUNE.DROP_SQL_PROFILE(name =>'SYS_SQLPROF_0149899c759a0000'); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 17:55:20 SYS@ prod >exec DBMS_SQLTUNE.DROP_SQL_PROFILE(name =>'my_sqlprofile'); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 重新建立sql profile: 17:55:35 SYS@ prod >DECLARE 17:56:13 2 17:56:13 3 my_sqlprofile_name VARCHAR2(30); 17:56:13 4 17:56:13 5 begin 17:56:13 6 17:56:13 7 my_sqlprofile_name := DBMS_SQLTUNE.ACCEPT_SQL_PROFILE ( 17:56:13 8 17:56:13 9 task_name => 'my_tun1', 17:56:13 10 17:56:13 11 name => 'my_sqlprofile'); 17:56:13 12 17:56:13 13 end; 17:56:16 14 / PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. Elapsed: 00:00:00.04 查看sql profile: 18:01:48 SYS@ prod >col name for a20 18:01:55 SYS@ prod >r 1* select name,CATEGORY,SQL_TEXT,TASK_EXEC_NAME ,STATUS from dba_sql_profiles NAME CATEGORY SQL_TEXT -------------------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------- TASK_EXEC_NAME STATUS ------------------------------ -------- my_sqlprofile DEFAULT select /*+ no_index(test test_ind) */ * from test where n=100 EXEC_427 ENABLED 3、以scott用户的身份进行验证 18:01:55 SYS@ prod >conn scott/tiger Connected. 18:02:43 SCOTT@ prod >set autotrace on 18:02:46 SCOTT@ prod > select /*+ no_index(test test_ind) */ * from test where n=100; N ---------- 100 Elapsed: 00:00:00.05 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 3357096749 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 5 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| TEST_IND | 1 | 5 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): --------------------------------------------------- 1 - access("N"=100) Note ----- - SQL profile "my_sqlprofile" used for this statement Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 790 recursive calls 0 db block gets 168 consistent gets 6 physical reads 116 redo size 415 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 419 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 13 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed
可以看出即使使用了‘no_index'的hint,sql执行计划仍使用index 访问。 使用了 SQL profile "my_sql_profile" used for this statement
由这个例子我们可以发现,在必要情况下,SQL Profile可以让hint失效!