Oracle Study之案例--数据恢复神器Flashback(2)

一、Flashback Table:

对于DML的误操作,可以通过Undo block对表进行回退(两种模式:基于时间和基于SCN)

案例分析:

1、基于SCN(可以通过logminer找到DML操作的时间点和SCN)

模拟测试环境:
SQL> select current_scn from v$database;
CURRENT_SCN
-----------
     1264179
07:16:18 SQL> select * from test;                                                                                                        
     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
      7369 SMITH      CLERK           7902 17-DEC-80        800                    20
      7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 20-FEB-81       1600        300         30
      7369 SMITH      CLERK           7902 17-DEC-80        800                    20
      7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 20-FEB-81       1600        300         30
      7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 22-FEB-81       1250        500         30
      7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 02-APR-81       2975                    20
      7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN        7698 28-SEP-81       1250       1400         30
      7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 01-MAY-81       2850                    30
      7782 CLARK      MANAGER         7839 09-JUN-81       2450                    10
      7788 SCOTT      ANALYST         7566 19-APR-87       3000                    20
      7839 KING       PRESIDENT            17-NOV-81       5000                    10
      7844 TURNER     SALESMAN        7698 08-SEP-81       1500          0         30
      7876 ADAMS      CLERK           7788 23-MAY-87       1100                    20
      7900 JAMES      CLERK           7698 03-DEC-81        950                    30
      7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 03-DEC-81       3000                    20
      7934 MILLER     CLERK           7782 23-JAN-82       1300                    10
16 rows selected.

07:16:23 SQL> delete from test;                                                                                                          
16 rows deleted.
07:16:50 SQL> commit;                                                                                                                   
Commit complete.

07:16:52 SQL> select * from test;                                                                                                        
no rows selected
07:16:57 SQL> insert into test select * from emp where rownum=1;                                                                         
1 row created.
07:17:17 SQL> commit;                                                                                                                    
Commit complete.
07:17:19 SQL> select * from test;                                                                                                        
     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
      7369 SMITH      CLERK           7902 17-DEC-80        800                    20

通过flashback table回退:      
07:17:21 SQL> flashback table test to scn 1264179;                                                                                       
flashback table test to scn 1264179
                *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-08189: cannot flashback the table because row movement is not enabled

回退table必须支持row movement:
07:17:41 SQL> alter table test enable row  movement;                                                                                     
Table altered.

07:18:01 SQL> flashback table test to scn 1264179;                                                                                       
Flashback complete.
07:18:05 SQL> select * from test;                                                                                                        
     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE         SAL       COMM     DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
      7369 SMITH      CLERK           7902 17-DEC-80        800                    20
      7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 20-FEB-81       1600        300         30
      7369 SMITH      CLERK           7902 17-DEC-80        800                    20
      7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 20-FEB-81       1600        300         30
      7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 22-FEB-81       1250        500         30
      7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 02-APR-81       2975                    20
      7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN        7698 28-SEP-81       1250       1400         30
      7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 01-MAY-81       2850                    30
      7782 CLARK      MANAGER         7839 09-JUN-81       2450                    10
      7788 SCOTT      ANALYST         7566 19-APR-87       3000                    20
      7839 KING       PRESIDENT            17-NOV-81       5000                    10
      7844 TURNER     SALESMAN        7698 08-SEP-81       1500          0         30
      7876 ADAMS      CLERK           7788 23-MAY-87       1100                    20
      7900 JAMES      CLERK           7698 03-DEC-81        950                    30
      7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 03-DEC-81       3000                    20
      7934 MILLER     CLERK           7782 23-JAN-82       1300                    10
16 rows selected.
---回退成功 !

2、基于timestamp(可以通过logminer找到DML操作的时间点和SCN)


05:43:31 SQL> delete from scott.emp1;
14 rows deleted.

05:44:25 SQL> flashback table scott.emp1 to timestamp to_timestamp('2011-03-18 04:50:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');
Flashback complete.

05:44:32 SQL> select * from scott.emp1;
     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE                   SAL       COMM     DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
      7369 SMITH      CLERK           7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00        800                    20
      7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 1981-02-20 00:00:00       1600        300         30
      7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 1981-02-22 00:00:00       1250        500         30
      7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00       2975                    20
      7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN        7698 1981-09-28 00:00:00       1250       1400         30
      7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00       2850                    30
      7782 CLARK      MANAGER         7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00       2450                    10
      7788 SCOTT      ANALYST         7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00       3000                    20
      7839 KING       PRESIDENT            1981-11-17 00:00:00       5000                    10
      7844 TURNER     SALESMAN        7698 1981-09-08 00:00:00       1500          0         30
      7876 ADAMS      CLERK           7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00       1100                    20
      7900 JAMES      CLERK           7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00        950                    30
      7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00       3000                    20
      7934 MILLER     CLERK           7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00       1300                    10
14 rows selected.

1. 基于undo 的表恢复,需要注意DDL 操作的影响

      第三个就是修改并提交过数据之后,对表做过DDL 操作,包括:

      drop/modify 列, move 表, drop 分区(如果有的话), truncate table/partition,这些操作会另undo 表空间中的撤销数据失效,对于执行过这些操作的表应用flashback query 会触发ORA-01466 错误。另外一些表结构修改语句虽然并不会影响到undo 表空间中的撤销记录,但有可能因表结构修改导致undo 中重做记录无法应用的情况,比如对于增加了约束,而flashback query 查询出的undo 记录已经不符合新建的约束条件,这个时候直接恢复显然不可能成功,你要么暂时disable 约束,要么通过适当逻辑,对要恢复的数据进行处理之后,再执行恢复。

      另外,flashback query 对v$tables,x$tables 等动态性能视图无效,不过对于dba_*,all_*,user_*等数据字典是有效的。同时该特性也完全支持访问远端数据库,比如select * from tbl@dblink as of scn 360;的形式。 

2. 基于undo 的表恢复,flashback table 实际上做的也是dml 操作(会在被操作的表上加dml 锁),因此还需要注意triggers 对其的影响

     默认情况下,flashback table to scn/timestamp 在执行时会自动disable 掉与其操作表相差的triggers,如果你希望在此期间trigger 能够继续发挥做用,可以在flashback table 后附加

ENABLE TRIGGERS 子句。

二、Flashback Drop

Oracle Study之案例--数据恢复神器Flashback(2)_第1张图片

         在实际开发和维护中,我们有时候会遇到把数据表drop掉的情况。过去这种情况,我们只能通过之前保留的备份,进行不完全的备份。这样的工作量很大也很麻烦。从Oracle10g起,引入了回收站的机制,将drop掉的数据表保存在回收站中。当发现误删除的时候,可以通过回收站回收数据表。

          回收站机制类似于我们在Windows上的回收站。在windows中,当我们选择删除一个文件时,本质上并没有将文件从硬盘上删除,只是将文件以一种形式改名,这样就能从回收站中看到。

   Oracle的回收站也是采用同样的原理。下面我们做一个简单的实验

   首先,确定系统参数。在Oracle10g中,有一个参数recyclebin,控制数据表回收站机制的启动和关闭。

 用sys帐号登录,确定recyclebin参数:

SQL> show parameter recyclebin;

 NAME                                TYPE       VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------

recyclebin                          string     on                //当取值为on的时候,表示开启回收站功能;

案例分析:

1)06:52:29 SQL> select * from tab;                                                                                                         
TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
DEPT                           TABLE
EMP                            TABLE
BONUS                          TABLE
SALGRADE                       TABLE
TEST                           TABLE
T01                            TABLE
T02                            TABLE
7 rows selected.
06:52:31 SQL> drop table t01;                                                                                                            
Table dropped.

查看回收站:
06:52:38 SQL> show recycle;                                                                                                              
ORIGINAL NAME    RECYCLEBIN NAME                OBJECT TYPE  DROP TIME
---------------- ------------------------------ ------------ -------------------
T01              BIN$qrJLbL74ZgvgQKjA8Agb/A==$0 TABLE        2011-08-17:06:52:38

--------除了system 表空间,其余表空间都有一个类似windows 回收站,在drop table,实际上把table 改名后放入recyclebin。

06:52:44 SQL> flashback table t01 to before drop;                                                                                        
Flashback complete.

06:54:05 SQL> show recycle;                                                                                                              
06:54:07 SQL>  select * from tab;                                                                                                        
TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
DEPT                           TABLE
EMP                            TABLE
BONUS                          TABLE
SALGRADE                       TABLE
TEST                           TABLE
T01                            TABLE
T02                            TABLE
7 rows selected.

06:54:11 SQL> drop table t02 purge;    //purge  会彻底的删除table                                                                                                    
Table dropped.
06:54:40 SQL> show recycle;  
-----------清空recyclebin

06:54:43 SQL> drop table t01;                                                                                                            
Table dropped.
06:55:49 SQL> show recycle;                                                                                                              
ORIGINAL NAME    RECYCLEBIN NAME                OBJECT TYPE  DROP TIME
---------------- ------------------------------ ------------ -------------------
T01              BIN$qrJLbL75ZgvgQKjA8Agb/A==$0 TABLE        2011-08-17:06:55:49
06:55:51 SQL> purge recyclebin;                                                                                                          
Recyclebin purged.

06:55:57 SQL> show recycle;                                                                                                              
06:55:59 SQL> 
--------------如何恢复同一个schema 下同名的table

06:56:32 SQL> drop table test;                                                                                                           
Table dropped.
06:56:42 SQL> create table test as  select * from emp;                                                                                   
Table created.
06:56:46 SQL> select * from tab;                                                                                                         
TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
DEPT                           TABLE
EMP                            TABLE
BONUS                          TABLE
SALGRADE                       TABLE
BIN$qrJLbL76ZgvgQKjA8Agb/A==$0 TABLE
TEST                           TABLE
6 rows selected.
06:56:50 SQL> show recycle;                                                                                                              
ORIGINAL NAME    RECYCLEBIN NAME                OBJECT TYPE  DROP TIME
---------------- ------------------------------ ------------ -------------------
TEST             BIN$qrJLbL76ZgvgQKjA8Agb/A==$0 TABLE        2011-08-17:06:56:36
06:56:58 SQL> flashback table test to before drop;                                                                                       
flashback table test to before drop
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-38312: original name is used by an existing object
06:57:09 SQL> flashback table test to before drop rename to test_old;                                                                    
Flashback complete.
06:57:32 SQL> select * from tab;                                                                                                         
TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
DEPT                           TABLE
EMP                            TABLE
BONUS                          TABLE
SALGRADE                       TABLE
TEST_OLD                       TABLE
TEST                           TABLE
6 rows selected.

flashback Drop不支持sys用户:
----system 表空间不存在recyclebin ,表直接被删除
06:57:36 SQL> conn /as sysdba                                                                                                            
Connected.
06:58:33 SQL> 
06:58:33 SQL> create table test as select * from user_tables;                                                                            
Table created.
06:58:42 SQL> drop table test;                                                                                                          
Table dropped.
06:58:46 SQL> show recycle; 

闪回表回收站——3个视图
使用方面,闪回特性还要关注两个回收站视图。user_recyclebin、all_recyclebin、dba_recyclebin。

     所谓的闪回drop,就是一种对象假删除技术。当系统参数recyclebin被设置为on的时候,Oracle是开启闪回drop功能的。当对数据表使用drop的时候,Oracle并不是将对象直接删除,而是采用了对象改名。将删除的数据表进行改名(逻辑上),改为BIN$开头的一个编码。这个编码占据了原有数据表的所有资源(包括对象信息和存储信息),但是不能算成为原对象的等价体。也就是说,如果我们直接操作这个修改名,系统会报错,因为Oracle不认为这个对象是一个数据表。数据表T的数据字典信息被删除,而改名的对象信息没有加入其中。