Android平台有三种网络接口可以使用,他们分别是:java.net.*(标准Java接口)、Org.apache接口和Android.net.*(Android网络接口)。下面分别介绍这些接口的功能和作用。
1.标准Java接口
java.net.*提供与联网有关的类,包括流、数据包套接字(socket)、Internet协议、常见Http处理等。比如:创建URL,以及URLConnection/HttpURLConnection对象、设置链接参数、链接到服务器、向服务器写数据、从服务器读取数据等通信。这些在Java网络编程中均有涉及,我们看一个简单的socket编程,实现服务器回发客户端信息。
服务端:
public class Server implements Runnable{ @Override public void run() { Socket socket = null; try { ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(18888); //循环监听客户端链接请求 while(true){ System.out.println("start..."); //接收请求 socket = server.accept(); System.out.println("accept..."); //接收客户端消息 BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); String message = in.readLine(); //发送消息,向客户端 PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream())),true); out.println("Server:" + message); //关闭流 in.close(); out.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally{ if (null != socket){ try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } //启动服务器 public static void main(String[] args){ Thread server = new Thread(new Server()); server.start(); } }
客户端,MainActivity
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private EditText editText;
private Button button;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
editText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText1);
button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Socket socket = null;
String message = editText.getText().toString()+ "\r\n" ;
try {
//创建客户端socket,注意:不能用localhost或127.0.0.1,Android模拟器把自己作为localhost
socket = new Socket("10.0.2.2",18888);
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter
(socket.getOutputStream())),true);
//发送数据
out.println(message);
//接收数据
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
String msg = in.readLine();
if (null != msg){
editText.setText(msg);
System.out.println(msg);
}
else{
editText.setText("data error");
}
out.close();
in.close();
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally{
try {
if (null != socket){
socket.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
});
}
}
布局文件:
启动服务器:
javac com/test/socket/Server.java java com.test.socket.Server
运行客户端程序:
结果如图:
注意:服务器与客户端无法链接的可能原因有:
没有加访问网络的权限:
IP地址要使用:10.0.2.2
模拟器不能配置代理。
2。Apache接口
对于大部分应用程序而言JDK本身提供的网络功能已远远不够,这时就需要Android提供的Apache HttpClient了。它是一个开源项目,功能更加完善,为客户端的Http编程提供高效、最新、功能丰富的工具包支持。
下面我们以一个简单例子来看看如何使用HttpClient在Android客户端访问Web。
首先,要在你的机器上搭建一个web应用myapp,只有很简单的一个http.jsp
内容如下:
<%@page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>Http Test <% String type = request.getParameter("parameter"); String result = new String(type.getBytes("iso-8859-1"),"utf-8"); out.println("" + result + "
"); %>
然后实现Android客户端,分别以post、get方式去访问myapp,代码如下:
布局文件:
资源文件:
strings.xml
通过按钮选择不同方式访问网页 Http Get
主Activity:
public class MainActivity extends Activity { private TextView textView; private Button get,post; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); textView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textView); get = (Button)findViewById(R.id.get); post = (Button)findViewById(R.id.post); //绑定按钮监听器 get.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { //注意:此处ip不能用127.0.0.1或localhost,Android模拟器已将它自己作为了localhost String uri = "http://192.168.22.28:8080/myapp/http.jsp?parameter=以Get方式发送请求"; textView.setText(get(uri)); } }); //绑定按钮监听器 post.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { String uri = "http://192.168.22.28:8080/myapp/http.jsp"; textView.setText(post(uri)); } }); } /** * 以get方式发送请求,访问web * @param uri web地址 * @return 响应数据 */ private static String get(String uri){ BufferedReader reader = null; StringBuffer sb = null; String result = ""; HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpGet request = new HttpGet(uri); try { //发送请求,得到响应 HttpResponse response = client.execute(request); //请求成功 if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){ reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response.getEntity().getContent())); sb = new StringBuffer(); String line = ""; String NL = System.getProperty("line.separator"); while((line = reader.readLine()) != null){ sb.append(line); } } } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally{ try { if (null != reader){ reader.close(); reader = null; } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (null != sb){ result = sb.toString(); } return result; } /** * 以post方式发送请求,访问web * @param uri web地址 * @return 响应数据 */ private static String post(String uri){ BufferedReader reader = null; StringBuffer sb = null; String result = ""; HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpPost request = new HttpPost(uri); //保存要传递的参数 Listparams = new ArrayList (); //添加参数 params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("parameter","以Post方式发送请求")); try { //设置字符集 HttpEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params,"utf-8"); //请求对象 request.setEntity(entity); //发送请求 HttpResponse response = client.execute(request); //请求成功 if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){ System.out.println("post success"); reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response.getEntity().getContent())); sb = new StringBuffer(); String line = ""; String NL = System.getProperty("line.separator"); while((line = reader.readLine()) != null){ sb.append(line); } } } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally{ try { //关闭流 if (null != reader){ reader.close(); reader = null; } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (null != sb){ result = sb.toString(); } return result; } }
运行结果如下:
3.android.net编程:
常常使用此包下的类进行Android特有的网络编程,如:访问WiFi,访问Android联网信息,邮件等功能。这里不详细讲。
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。