备份数据库
[oracle@12cr2 ~]$ rman target /
RMAN> backup database;
RMAN> list backup summary;
- 数据库open状态，系统表空间损坏 -----故障模拟
[oracle@12cr2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> alter session set container=PDB4;
SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/zylong/pdb4/pdb4/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/zylong/pdb4/pdb4/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/zylong/pdb4/pdb4/undotbs01.dbf
[oracle@12cr2 ~]$ rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/zylong/pdb4/pdb4/system01.dbf
[oracle@12cr2 ~]$ rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/zylong/pdb4/pdb4/sysaux01.dbf
[oracle@12cr2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-09817: Write to audit file failed.
ORA-01075: you are currently logged on
故障现象
[root@12cr2 opt]# su - oracle
[oracle@12cr2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> alter session set container=PDB4;
SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/zylong/pdb4/pdb4/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/zylong/pdb4/pdb4/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/zylong/pdb4/pdb4/undotbs01.dbf
SQL> create user test identified by oracle;
create user test identified by oracle
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-01116: error in opening database file 38
ORA-01110: data file 38:
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/zylong/pdb4/pdb4/system01.dbf'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
SQL> conn / as sysdba
SQL> alter pluggable database pdb4 close;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> alter pluggable database pdb4 open;
alter pluggable database pdb4 open
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113: file 40 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 40:
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/zylong/pdb4/pdb4/undotbs01.dbf'
恢复
[oracle@12cr2 ~]$ rman target /
----可以在下一层指定PDB来进行相关操作，也可以在当前指定PDB进行连接：rman target sys/password@hostname:1521/pdb_name,此时恢复跟11G没多大区别，直接可以restore datafile n,recover datafile n,restore tablespace n,recover tablepace n等等操作。
RMAN> restore tablespace pdb4:system;
RMAN> restore tablespace pdb4:sysaux;
RMAN> recover tablespace pdb4:system;
RMAN> recover tablespace pdb4:sysaux;
RMAN> alter pluggable database pdb4 open;
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of sql statement command at 06/11/2017 21:00:12
ORA-01113: file 40 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 40: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/zylong/pdb4/pdb4/undotbs01.dbf'
RMAN> recover tablespace pdb4:UNDOTBS1;
RMAN> alter pluggable database pdb4 open;
- 数据库关闭状态，普通表空间损坏
模拟故障
SQL> alter pluggable database pdb4 close;
[oracle@12cr2 ~]$ rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/zylong/pdb4/pdb4/users01.dbf
SQL> alter pluggable database pdb4 open;
alter pluggable database pdb4 open
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 41 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 41: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/zylong/pdb4/pdb4/users01.dbf'
恢复
[oracle@12cr2 ~]$ rman target /
RMAN> restore tablespace pdb4:users;
RMAN> alter pluggable database pdb4 open;
RMAN> recover tablespace pdb4:users;
RMAN> alter pluggable database pdb4 open;
- 数据库open状态，未备份的数据文件恢复
模拟故障
SQL> create tablespace users datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/zylong/pdb4/pdb4/users01.dbf' size 20M;
SQL> create user test identified by oracle default tablespace users;
SQL> grant dba to test;
SQL> conn test/[email protected]:1521/pdb4
SQL> create table test as select * from all_objects where rownum<100;
SQL> commit;
SQL> !rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/zylong/pdb4/pdb4/users01.dbf
故障后的现象
SQL> select count(*) from test;
SQL> insert into test select * from test;
SQL> commit;
SQL> insert into test select * from test;
SQL> commit;
SQL> alter system checkpoint;
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
SQL> insert into test select * from test;
ORA-03114: not connected to ORACLE
SQL> conn test/[email protected]:1521/pdb4
ORA-01033: ORACLE initialization or shutdown in progress
SQL> conn / as sysdba
SQL> show pdbs;
SQL> alter pluggable database PDB4 open;
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 41 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 41: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/zylong/pdb4/pdb4/users01.dbf'
恢复
[oracle@12cr2 ~]$ rman target /
RMAN> restore tablespace pdb4:users;
RMAN> recover tablespace pdb4:users;
RMAN> alter pluggable database pdb4 open;
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of sql statement command at 06/11/2017 21:35:30
ORA-01113: file 40 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 40: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/zylong/pdb4/pdb4/undotbs01.dbf'
RMAN> recover tablespace pdb4:UNDOTBS1;
RMAN> alter pluggable database pdb4 open;
ORA-01113: file 39 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 39: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/zylong/pdb4/pdb4/sysaux01.dbf'
RMAN> recover tablespace pdb4:sysaux;
RMAN> alter pluggable database pdb4 open;
ORA-01113: file 38 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 38: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/zylong/pdb4/pdb4/system01.dbf'
RMAN> recover tablespace pdb4:system;
如果PDB4没有关闭，可以restore tablespace pdb4:users可能会报错，可以尝试执行以下命令在restore：
SQL > alter tablespace users offline immediate;
recover之后online
SQL > alter tablespace users online;
4 单个pdb 数据文件修复
[oracle@12c pdb01]$ rman target sys/password@hostname:1521/pdb_name
RMAN> recover datafile 12;
RMAN-06094: datafile 12 must be restored
RMAN> alter database datafile 12 offline;
RMAN> restore datafile 12;
RMAN> recover datafile 12;
RMAN> alter database datafile 12 online;
5 单个PDB数据库恢复
-----set until time "TO_DATE('2018-06-03 15:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')";
-----set until SCN = 180000;
RMAN>restore pluggable database pdb01;
RMAN>recover pluggable database pdb01;
[oracle@12c01 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> alter pluggable database pdb01 open;