配置httpd-2.2支持https功能

SSL会话的简化过程

     (1) 客户端发送可供选择的加密方式，并向服务器请求证书；

     (2) 服务器端发送证书以及选定的加密方式给客户端；

     (3) 客户端取得证书并进行证书验正：

      如果信任给其发证书的CA：

         (a) 验正证书来源的合法性；用CA的公钥解密证书上数字签名；

         (b) 验正证书的内容的合法性：完整性验正

         (c) 检查证书的有效期限；

         (d) 检查证书是否被吊销；

         (e) 证书中拥有者的名字，与访问的目标主机要一致；

     (4) 客户端生成临时会话密钥（对称密钥），并使用服务器端的公钥加密此数据发送给服务器，完成密钥交换；

     (5) 服务用此密钥加密用户请求的资源，响应给客户端；

    

注意：SSL会话是基于IP地址创建；所以单IP的主机上，仅可以使用一个https虚拟主机；

配置httpd支持https：

1、为服务器申请数字证书；

1）创建私有CA
    （1）生成私钥文件

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[root@wlm ~] # mkdir -p /etc/pki/CA/private #创建私钥保存的目录 [root@wlm ~] # (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem 4096) Generating RSA private key, 4096 bit long modulus ....................................................................++ ..................................................................++ e is 65537 (0x10001) [root@wlm ~] # ll /etc/pki/CA/private/ # 私钥只能自己保存，对保密性要求高 总用量 4 -rw-------. 1 root root 3243 11月 15 10:34 cakey.pem

    （2）生成自签证书

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[root@wlm ~] # openssl req -new -x509 -key /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem -out /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem -days 3650 # 如果是自请自签 加-x509 如果不是就不用加了 #这个过程会自动从刚才第一步的私钥中抽取公钥 #-new 生成新证书签署请求 #-x509 生成自签格式证书 专用于创建私有CA时 #-key 生成请求时用到的私有文件路径 #-out 生成的请求文件路径 如果是自签操作将生成签署过的证书 #-days 证书的有效时常 但为是day You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.' , the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN #国家 State or Province Name (full name) []:SH #省 Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:SH #城市 Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:DZH #公司组织 Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Ops #职位 Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname ) []:ca.wlm.com #主机名 Email Address []:[email protected] #邮箱

    （3）为CA提供所需的目录和文件

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[root@wlm ~] # touch /etc/pki/CA/index.txt # 创建数据库文件 [root@wlm ~] # echo 01 > /etc/pki/CA/serial # 创建序列号文件并给明第一个证书的序列号码 [root@wlm ~] # ll /etc/pki/CA 总用量 8 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2049 11月 15 10:41 cacert.pem drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 6月 29 2015 certs drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 6月 29 2015 crl -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 11月 15 10:45 index.txt drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 6月 29 2015 newcerts drwx------. 2 root root 22 11月 15 10:34 private -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3 11月 15 10:46 serial

    至此，私有CA创建完毕。

2）证书申请：    

   （1）在证书申请的主机上生成私钥

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[root@wlm ~] # cd /etc/httpd/ [root@wlm httpd] # mkdir ssl #创建保存私钥的目录 [root@wlm httpd] # cd ssl [root@wlm ssl] # (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out httpd.key 2048) #生成私钥 Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus ......................................................+++ ...........................................+++ e is 65537 (0x10001) [root@wlm ssl] # ll 总用量 4 -rw-------. 1 root root 1675 11月 15 11:05 httpd.key

   （2）生成证书签署请求

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[root@wlm ssl] # openssl req -new -key httpd.key -out httpd.csr -days 365 # 在本地生成 You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.' , the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN State or Province Name (full name) []:SH Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:SH Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:DZH Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Ops Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname ) []:www.wlm.com Email Address []:mail.wlm.com Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: #密码可以不设置 An optional company name []:

  （3）把请求发送给CA

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[root@wlm ssl] # scp httpd.csr [email protected]:/tmp/ # 10.10.10.3位CA主机 # 将请求签发的证书发个证书服务器，我们这里是同一台机器模拟了证书服务器和申请签发的客户机 The authenticity of host '10.10.10.3 (10.10.10.3)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is 93:b6:c3:bf:a6:51:a7:4a:be:0c:14:93:ab:86:a1:56. Are you sure you want to continue connecting ( yes /no )? yes Warning: Permanently added '10.10.10.3' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. [email protected]'s password: httpd.csr 100% 1025 1.0KB /s 00:0

  (4）CA签发证书（在CA10.10.10.3主机上操作）

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[root@wlm tmp] # openssl ca -in /tmp/httpd.csr -out /etc/pki/CA/certs/httpd.crt -days 365 # 签发证书，有效期为一年 Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl .cnf Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok Certificate Details: Serial Number: 1 (0x1) Validity Not Before: Nov 15 03:15:54 2016 GMT Not After : Nov 15 03:15:54 2017 GMT Subject: countryName = CN stateOrProvinceName = SH organizationName = DZH organizationalUnitName = Ops commonName = www.wlm.com emailAddress = mail.wlm.com X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:FALSE Netscape Comment: OpenSSL Generated Certificate X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 49:7A:99:41:6E:72:27:8F:B8:F0:C3:77:6C:B8:8B:C0:9F:C7:7D:2A X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: keyid:A8:28:9A:3B:91:A9:4C:90:A4:08:3D:79:34:0D:D3:19:0E:68:6F:1A Certificate is to be certified until Nov 15 03:15:54 2017 GMT (365 days) Sign the certificate? [y /n ]:y 1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y /n ]y Write out database with 1 new entries Data Base Updated [root@wlm tmp] # cd /etc/pki/CA/ [root@wlm CA] # ls cacert.pem crl index.txt.attr newcerts serial certs index.txt index.txt.old private serial.old [root@wlm CA] # cat index.txt #查看第一个签发的证书 V 171115031554Z 01 unknown /C =CN /ST =SH /O =DZH /OU =Ops /CN =www.wlm.com /emailAddress =mail.wlm.com

  （5）把签署好的证书发还给请求者

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[root@wlm CA] # [root@wlm CA] # pwd /etc/pki/CA [root@wlm CA] # scp certs/httpd.crt [email protected]:/etc/httpd/ssl/ # 发送证书 [email protected]'s password: httpd.crt 100% 5781 5.7KB /s 00:00 [root@wlm CA] # ls /etc/httpd/ssl/ httpd.crt httpd.csr httpd.key [email protected] # 查看已经签发好的证书

2、配置httpd支持使用ssl，及使用的证书；

（1）安装支持ssl的模块

[root@wlm CA]# yum install -y mod_ssl

（2）修改配置文件

vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
ServerName www.wlm.com:443
SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key

(3) 测试基于https访问相应的主机；

重启httpd服务之后通过浏览器验证

关于httpd的配置，见http://afterdawn.blog.51cto.com/7503144/1873617

openssl详解见：http://afterdawn.blog.51cto.com/7503144/1872753