Django笔记
来做官方文档的内容翻译筛选
1、django-admin startproject mysite
2、Python manage.py startapp polls
3、编写app里面的models.py文件
import datetime
from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
# Create your models here.
class Question(models.Model):
question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')
def __str__(self):
return self.question_text
def was_published_recently(self):
return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
class Choice(models.Model):
question = models.ForeignKey(Question)
choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)
def __str__(self):
return self.choice_text- 1
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4、python manage.py makemigrations，为这些修改创建迁移文件
5、python manage.py migrate，将这些改变更新到数据库中。
6、python manage.py createsuperuser
7、修改polls/admin.py让poll应用在管理站点中可编辑
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Question
admin.site.register(Question)- 1
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8、创建一个模型管理对象（class），然后把该对象（class名）作为第二个参数传入admin.site.register()，来自定义管理表单
from django.contrib import admin
# Register your models here.
from .models import Question
class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
fields = ['pub_date','question_text']
admin.site.register(Question,QuestionAdmin)- 1
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9、把表单分割成字段集，fieldsets中每个元组的第一个元素是字段集的标题
from django.contrib import admin
# Register your models here.
from .models import Question
class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
# fields = ['pub_date','question_text']
fieldsets = [
(None, {'fields':['question_text']}),
('时间信息',{'fields':['pub_date']}),
]
admin.site.register(Question,QuestionAdmin)- 1
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10、创建Question对象的同时可以直接添加一组Choice
from django.contrib import admin
# Register your models here.
from .models import Question,Choice
class ChoiceInline(admin.StackedInline):
model = Choice
extra = 3
class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
# fields = ['pub_date','question_text']
fieldsets = [
(None, {'fields':['question_text']}),
('时间信息',{'fields':['pub_date']}),
]
inlines = [ChoiceInline]
admin.site.register(Question,QuestionAdmin)
# admin.site.register(Choice)- 1
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这告诉Django：Choice对象在Question的管理界面中编辑。默认提供足够3个Choice的空间
11、默认地，Django显示每个对象的str()返回的内容。但有时如果我们能显示个别的字段将很有帮助。 我们使用list_display 选项来实现这个功能
from django.contrib import admin
# Register your models here.
from .models import Question,Choice
class ChoiceInline(admin.TabularInline):
model = Choice
extra = 3
class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
# fields = ['pub_date','question_text']
fieldsets = [
(None, {'fields':['question_text']}),
('时间信息',{'fields':['pub_date']}),
]
inlines = [ChoiceInline]
list_display = ('question_text','pub_date','was_published_recently')
admin.site.register(Question,QuestionAdmin)
# admin.site.register(Choice)- 1
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12、添加过滤器和搜索功能
from django.contrib import admin
# Register your models here.
from .models import Question,Choice
class ChoiceInline(admin.TabularInline):
model = Choice
extra = 3
class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
# fields = ['pub_date','question_text']
fieldsets = [
(None, {'fields':['question_text']}),
('时间信息',{'fields':['pub_date']}),
]
inlines = [ChoiceInline]
list_display = ('question_text','pub_date','was_published_recently')
list_filter = ['pub_date']
search_fields = ['question_text']
admin.site.register(Question,QuestionAdmin)
# admin.site.register(Choice)- 1
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13、自定义管理界面模版
14、修改视图函数,修改urlconf，把app里面的urls.py包含进去
https://django-intro-zh.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/part3/
# polls/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', views.index,name='index'),
url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)/$' , views.detail,name='detail'),
url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)/results/$' , views.results,name='results'),
url(r'^(?P[0-9]+)/vote/$' , views.vote,name='vote'),
]
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15、载入 polls/index.html 模板文件，并且向它传递一个上下文环境（context）
# polls/views.py
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.template import loader
from .models import Question
def index(request):
latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
template = loader.get_template('polls/index.html')
context = {
'latest_question_list': latest_question_list,
}
return HttpResponse(template.render(context, request))- 1
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16.快捷函数render
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
from django.http import HttpResponse
from .models import Question
from django.template import loader
def index(request):
latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
# output = ','.join([p.question_text for p in latest_question_list])
# template = loader.get_template('polls/index.html')
context = {'latest_question_list':latest_question_list}
return render(request,'polls/index.html',context)- 1
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17.抛出 404 错误
# polls/views.py
from django.http import Http404
from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Question
# ...
def detail(request, question_id):
try:
question = Question.objects.get(pk=question_id)
except Question.DoesNotExist:
raise Http404("Question does not exist")
return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question})- 1
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18.快捷函数：get_object_of_404()
# polls/views.py
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render
from .models import Question
# ...
def detail(request, question_id):
question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question})- 1
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19.去除模板中的硬编码 URL,在 polls.urls 的 urls() 函数中通过 name 参数为 URL 定义了名字，你可以使用 {% url %} 标签代替它
20.为 URL 名称添加命名空间
# mysite/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^polls/', include('polls.urls', namespace="polls")),
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
]
现在，编辑 polls/index.html 文件，从：
<li><a href="{% url 'detail' question.id %}">{{ question.question_text }}a>li>
修改成：
<li><a href="{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}">{{ question.question_text }}a>li>
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20.编写视图函数,可以精简删除旧的 index、detail和 results 视图，并用 Django 的通用视图代替(第四部分)
21.编写表单做测试
22.有人要源码么?源码:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1bzJfzC
有学Django的一起呀!
中文翻译1：http://python.usyiyi.cn/documents/django_182/intro/tutorial02.html
中文翻译2:https://django-intro-zh.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/whats_next/