Java Lambda表达式的使用

Lambda表达式的语法
基本语法:
(parameters) -> expression
或
(parameters) ->{ statements; }

// 1. 不需要参数,返回值为 5  
() -> 5  
  
// 2. 接收一个参数(数字类型),返回其2倍的值  
x -> 2 * x  
  
// 3. 接受2个参数(数字),并返回他们的差值  
(x, y) -> x – y  
  
// 4. 接收2个int型整数,返回他们的和  
(int x, int y) -> x + y  
  
// 5. 接受一个 string 对象,并在控制台打印,不返回任何值(看起来像是返回void)  
(String s) -> System.out.print(s)

 基本的Lambda例子

例子1：

package com;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.Consumer;

public class test1 {

    public static void  printValur(String str){
        System.out.println("print value : "+str);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        System.out.println("----------------普通的写法-----------------------");
        List al = Arrays.asList("a","b","c","d");
        for (String a: al) {
            test1.printValur(a);
        }
        System.out.println("----------------JDK双冒号--------------------------");
        //JDK8中有双冒号的用法，就是把方法当做参数传到stream内部，使stream的每个元素都传入到该方法里面执行一下
        Consumer stringConsumer = test1::printValur;
        System.out.println("----------------方式1--------------------------");
        al.forEach(stringConsumer);
        System.out.println("----------------方式2--------------------------");
        al.forEach(x -> stringConsumer.accept(x));
        System.out.println("----------------方式3--------------------------");
        al.forEach(test1::printValur);
    }

}

例子2：匿名内部类写法

定义一个接口

package com;

public interface UserDao {

    public String print(String str);

}

实现

package com;

public class test2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        UserDao userDao = (x) -> {
            System.out.println("print: "+ x); return "返回信息";
        };

        String returnStr = userDao.print("答应内容");

        System.out.println(returnStr);

    }
}

结果输出

print: 答应内容
返回信息

使用Lambdas和Streams

Person 只是一个简单的POJO类:

public class Person {  
  
private String firstName, lastName, job, gender;  
private int salary, age;  
  
public Person(String firstName, String lastName, String job,  
                String gender, int age, int salary)       {  
          this.firstName = firstName;  
          this.lastName = lastName;  
          this.gender = gender;  
          this.age = age;  
          this.job = job;  
          this.salary = salary;  
}  
// Getter and Setter   
// . . . . .  
}

接下来,我们将创建两个list,都用来存放Person对象:

List javaProgrammers = new ArrayList() {  
  {  
    add(new Person("Elsdon", "Jaycob", "Java programmer", "male", 43, 2000));  
    add(new Person("Tamsen", "Brittany", "Java programmer", "female", 23, 1500));  
    add(new Person("Floyd", "Donny", "Java programmer", "male", 33, 1800));  
    add(new Person("Sindy", "Jonie", "Java programmer", "female", 32, 1600));  
    add(new Person("Vere", "Hervey", "Java programmer", "male", 22, 1200));  
    add(new Person("Maude", "Jaimie", "Java programmer", "female", 27, 1900));  
    add(new Person("Shawn", "Randall", "Java programmer", "male", 30, 2300));  
    add(new Person("Jayden", "Corrina", "Java programmer", "female", 35, 1700));  
    add(new Person("Palmer", "Dene", "Java programmer", "male", 33, 2000));  
    add(new Person("Addison", "Pam", "Java programmer", "female", 34, 1300));  
  }  
};  
  
List phpProgrammers = new ArrayList() {  
  {  
    add(new Person("Jarrod", "Pace", "PHP programmer", "male", 34, 1550));  
    add(new Person("Clarette", "Cicely", "PHP programmer", "female", 23, 1200));  
    add(new Person("Victor", "Channing", "PHP programmer", "male", 32, 1600));  
    add(new Person("Tori", "Sheryl", "PHP programmer", "female", 21, 1000));  
    add(new Person("Osborne", "Shad", "PHP programmer", "male", 32, 1100));  
    add(new Person("Rosalind", "Layla", "PHP programmer", "female", 25, 1300));  
    add(new Person("Fraser", "Hewie", "PHP programmer", "male", 36, 1100));  
    add(new Person("Quinn", "Tamara", "PHP programmer", "female", 21, 1000));  
    add(new Person("Alvin", "Lance", "PHP programmer", "male", 38, 1600));  
    add(new Person("Evonne", "Shari", "PHP programmer", "female", 40, 1800));  
  }  
};

现在我们使用forEach方法来迭代输出上述列表:

System.out.println("所有程序员的姓名:");  
javaProgrammers.forEach((p) -> System.out.printf("%s %s; ", p.getFirstName(), p.getLastName()));  
phpProgrammers.forEach((p) -> System.out.printf("%s %s; ", p.getFirstName(), p.getLastName()));  

我们同样使用forEach方法,增加程序员的工资5%:

System.out.println("给程序员加薪 5% :");  
Consumer giveRaise = e -> e.setSalary(e.getSalary() / 100 * 5 + e.getSalary());  
  
javaProgrammers.forEach(giveRaise);  
phpProgrammers.forEach(giveRaise);  

另一个有用的方法是过滤器filter() ,让我们显示月薪超过1400美元的PHP程序员:

System.out.println("下面是月薪超过 $1,400 的PHP程序员:")  
phpProgrammers.stream()  
          .filter((p) -> (p.getSalary() > 1400))  
          .forEach((p) -> System.out.printf("%s %s; ", p.getFirstName(), p.getLastName()));  

我们也可以定义过滤器,然后重用它们来执行其他操作:

// 定义 filters  
Predicate ageFilter = (p) -> (p.getAge() > 25);  
Predicate salaryFilter = (p) -> (p.getSalary() > 1400);  
Predicate genderFilter = (p) -> ("female".equals(p.getGender()));  
  
System.out.println("下面是年龄大于 24岁且月薪在$1,400以上的女PHP程序员:");  
phpProgrammers.stream()  
          .filter(ageFilter)  
          .filter(salaryFilter)  
          .filter(genderFilter)  
          .forEach((p) -> System.out.printf("%s %s; ", p.getFirstName(), p.getLastName()));  
  
// 重用filters  
System.out.println("年龄大于 24岁的女性 Java programmers:");  
javaProgrammers.stream()  
          .filter(ageFilter)  
          .filter(genderFilter)  
          .forEach((p) -> System.out.printf("%s %s; ", p.getFirstName(), p.getLastName()));

System.out.println("最前面的3个 Java programmers:");  
javaProgrammers.stream()  
          .limit(3)  
          .forEach((p) -> System.out.printf("%s %s; ", p.getFirstName(), p.getLastName()));  
  
  
System.out.println("最前面的3个女性 Java programmers:");  
javaProgrammers.stream()  
          .filter(genderFilter)  
          .limit(3)  
          .forEach((p) -> System.out.printf("%s %s; ", p.getFirstName(), p.getLastName()));

在下面的例子中,我们将根据名字和薪水排序Java程序员,放到一个list中,然后显示列表:

System.out.println("根据 name 排序,并显示前5个 Java programmers:");  
List sortedJavaProgrammers = javaProgrammers  
          .stream()  
          .sorted((p, p2) -> (p.getFirstName().compareTo(p2.getFirstName())))  
          .limit(5)  
          .collect(toList());  
  
sortedJavaProgrammers.forEach((p) -> System.out.printf("%s %s; %n", p.getFirstName(), p.getLastName()));  
   
System.out.println("根据 salary 排序 Java programmers:");  
sortedJavaProgrammers = javaProgrammers  
          .stream()  
          .sorted( (p, p2) -> (p.getSalary() - p2.getSalary()) )  
          .collect( toList() );  
  
sortedJavaProgrammers.forEach((p) -> System.out.printf("%s %s; %n", p.getFirstName(), p.getLastName())); 

如果我们只对最低和最高的薪水感兴趣,比排序后选择第一个/最后一个 更快的是min和max方法:

System.out.println("工资最低的 Java programmer:");  
Person pers = javaProgrammers  
          .stream()  
          .min((p1, p2) -> (p1.getSalary() - p2.getSalary()))  
          .get()  
  
System.out.printf("Name: %s %s; Salary: $%,d.", pers.getFirstName(), pers.getLastName(), pers.getSalary())  
  
System.out.println("工资最高的 Java programmer:");  
Person person = javaProgrammers  
          .stream()  
          .max((p, p2) -> (p.getSalary() - p2.getSalary()))  
          .get()  
  
System.out.printf("Name: %s %s; Salary: $%,d.", person.getFirstName(), person.getLastName(), person.getSalary())

结合 map 方法,我们可以使用 collect 方法来将我们的结果集放到一个字符串,一个 Set 或一个TreeSet中

System.out.println("将 PHP programmers 的 first name 拼接成字符串:");  
String phpDevelopers = phpProgrammers  
          .stream()  
          .map(Person::getFirstName)  
          .collect(joining(" ; ")); // 在进一步的操作中可以作为标记(token)     
  
System.out.println("将 Java programmers 的 first name 存放到 Set:");  
Set javaDevFirstName = javaProgrammers  
          .stream()  
          .map(Person::getFirstName)  
          .collect(toSet());  
  
System.out.println("将 Java programmers 的 first name 存放到 TreeSet:");  
TreeSet javaDevLastName = javaProgrammers  
          .stream()  
          .map(Person::getLastName)  
          .collect(toCollection(TreeSet::new));

Streams 还可以是并行的(parallel)。 示例如下:

System.out.println("计算付给 Java programmers 的所有money:");  
int totalSalary = javaProgrammers  
          .parallelStream()  
          .mapToInt(p -> p.getSalary())  
          .sum();  

可以使用summaryStatistics方法获得stream 中元素的各种汇总数据。 接下来,我们可以访问这些方法,比如getMax, getMin, getSum或getAverage:

//计算 count, min, max, sum, and average for numbers  
List numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10);  
IntSummaryStatistics stats = numbers  
          .stream()  
          .mapToInt((x) -> x)  
          .summaryStatistics();  
  
System.out.println("List中最大的数字 : " + stats.getMax());  
System.out.println("List中最小的数字 : " + stats.getMin());  
System.out.println("所有数字的总和   : " + stats.getSum());  
System.out.println("所有数字的平均值 : " + stats.getAverage());