Android 编码 URL 中文字符串

如果 url 包含中文,浏览器是会自动编码解析的,但是在客户端开发会遇到中文编码问题,所以必须做中文编码。提供三种中文编码方式,仅供开发参考。

方案1:对源码进行修改,安全可靠

package com.sunpeng.util;

import java.io.CharArrayWriter;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.IllegalCharsetNameException;
import java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException;
import java.util.BitSet;

public class URLEncoderURI {

    static BitSet dontNeedEncoding;
    static final int caseDiff = ('a' - 'A');


    static {

        /*
         * The list of characters that are not encoded has been determined as
         * follows:
         * 
         * RFC 2396 states: ----- Data characters that are allowed in a URI but
         * do not have a reserved purpose are called unreserved. These include
         * upper and lower case letters, decimal digits, and a limited set of
         * punctuation marks and symbols.
         * 
         * unreserved = alphanum | mark
         * 
         * mark = "-" | "_" | "." | "!" | "~" | "*" | "'" | "(" | ")"
         * 
         * Unreserved characters can be escaped without changing the semantics
         * of the URI, but this should not be done unless the URI is being used
         * in a context that does not allow the unescaped character to appear.
         * -----
         * 
         * It appears that both Netscape and Internet Explorer escape all
         * special characters from this list with the exception of "-", "_",
         * ".", "*". While it is not clear why they are escaping the other
         * characters, perhaps it is safest to assume that there might be
         * contexts in which the others are unsafe if not escaped. Therefore, we
         * will use the same list. It is also noteworthy that this is consistent
         * with O'Reilly's "HTML: The Definitive Guide" (page 164).
         * 
         * As a last note, Intenet Explorer does not encode the "@" character
         * which is clearly not unreserved according to the RFC. We are being
         * consistent with the RFC in this matter, as is Netscape.
         */

        dontNeedEncoding = new BitSet(256);
        int i;
        for (i = 'a'; i <= 'z'; i++) {
            dontNeedEncoding.set(i);
        }
        for (i = 'A'; i <= 'Z'; i++) {
            dontNeedEncoding.set(i);
        }
        for (i = '0'; i <= '9'; i++) {
            dontNeedEncoding.set(i);
        }
        dontNeedEncoding.set(' '); /*
                                     * encoding a space to a + is done in the
                                     * encode() method
                                     */
        dontNeedEncoding.set('-');
        dontNeedEncoding.set('_');
        dontNeedEncoding.set('.');
        dontNeedEncoding.set('*');
        dontNeedEncoding.set(':');
        dontNeedEncoding.set('/');
        dontNeedEncoding.set('?');
        dontNeedEncoding.set(';');
        dontNeedEncoding.set('&');
        dontNeedEncoding.set('=');

    }

    /**
     * You can't call the constructor.
     */
    private URLEncoderURI() {
    }



    /**
     * Translates a string into application/x-www-form-urlencoded
     * format using a specific encoding scheme. This method uses the supplied
     * encoding scheme to obtain the bytes for unsafe characters.
     * 

* Note: The * World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation states that * UTF-8 should be used. Not doing so may introduce * incompatibilites. * * @param s * String to be translated. * @param enc * The name of a supported character * encoding. * @return the translated String. * @exception UnsupportedEncodingException * If the named encoding is not supported * @see URLDecoder#decode(java.lang.String, java.lang.String) * @since 1.4 */ public static String encode(String s, String enc) throws UnsupportedEncodingException { boolean needToChange = false; StringBuffer out = new StringBuffer(s.length()); Charset charset; CharArrayWriter charArrayWriter = new CharArrayWriter(); if (enc == null) throw new NullPointerException("charsetName"); try { charset = Charset.forName(enc); } catch (IllegalCharsetNameException e) { throw new UnsupportedEncodingException(enc); } catch (UnsupportedCharsetException e) { throw new UnsupportedEncodingException(enc); } for (int i = 0; i < s.length();) { int c = (int) s.charAt(i); // System.out.println("Examining character: " + c); if (dontNeedEncoding.get(c)) { if (c == ' ') { c = '+'; needToChange = true; } // System.out.println("Storing: " + c); out.append((char) c); i++; } else { // convert to external encoding before hex conversion do { charArrayWriter.write(c); /* * If this character represents the start of a Unicode * surrogate pair, then pass in two characters. It's not * clear what should be done if a bytes reserved in the * surrogate pairs range occurs outside of a legal surrogate * pair. For now, just treat it as if it were any other * character. */ if (c >= 0xD800 && c <= 0xDBFF) { /* * System.out.println(Integer.toHexString(c) + * " is high surrogate"); */ if ((i + 1) < s.length()) { int d = (int) s.charAt(i + 1); /* * System.out.println("\tExamining " + * Integer.toHexString(d)); */ if (d >= 0xDC00 && d <= 0xDFFF) { /* * System.out.println("\t" + * Integer.toHexString(d) + * " is low surrogate"); */ charArrayWriter.write(d); i++; } } } i++; } while (i < s.length() && !dontNeedEncoding.get((c = (int) s.charAt(i)))); charArrayWriter.flush(); String str = new String(charArrayWriter.toCharArray()); byte[] ba = str.getBytes(charset); for (int j = 0; j < ba.length; j++) { out.append('%'); char ch = Character.forDigit((ba[j] >> 4) & 0xF, 16); // converting to use uppercase letter as part of // the hex value if ch is a letter. if (Character.isLetter(ch)) { ch -= caseDiff; } out.append(ch); ch = Character.forDigit(ba[j] & 0xF, 16); if (Character.isLetter(ch)) { ch -= caseDiff; } out.append(ch); } charArrayWriter.reset(); needToChange = true; } } return (needToChange ? out.toString() : s); } }

用法:URLEncoderURI.encode(url, "UTF-8");

方案2:使用正则表达式

    public static String encodeUrl(String url) {
        return Uri.encode(url, "-![.:/,%?&=]");
    }

方案3:直接遍历url

参考:java中url汉字编码互相转换实例

    public static String toUtf8String(String s) {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
            char c = s.charAt(i);
            if (c >= 0 && c <= 255) {
                sb.append(c);
            } else {
                byte[] b;
                try {
                    b = String.valueOf(c).getBytes("utf-8");
                } catch (Exception ex) {
                    System.out.println(ex);
                    b = new byte[0];
                }
                for (int j = 0; j < b.length; j++) {
                    int k = b[j];
                    if (k < 0)
                        k += 256;
                    sb.append("%" + Integer.toHexString(k).toUpperCase());
                }
            }
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

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