UIAutomator2.0详解（UIDevice篇----UIWatcher）

UIWatcher，是UIAutomator的接口类，用于处理测试中出现的“意外打断”情况（若不对意外情况进行处理，将导致CASE Failed，影响测试结果）。例如电话打入，闹钟之类的界面插入。

该类只有一个函数需要实现。

public boolean checkForCondition();

该方法的返回值为布尔类型。若为true，则表示该Watcher符合条件，被触发。否则，表示不符合条件，未被触发。当然，返回结果由coder自己说了算。

那什么时候，触发UIWatcher呢？官方文档给出了说明。

仅在未找到以UISelector为查询条件的UI控件时，才由系统框架触发，按照UIWatcher的注册顺序，逐一执行。并根据checkForCondition方法的返回值，认定该UIWatcher是否被触发（是否符合触发条件）。

UIDevice共提供了6个相关方法，分别是

public void registerWatcher(String name, UiWatcher watcher)//用于注册
public boolean hasAnyWatcherTriggered() //判断是否有任何一个UIWatcher被触发
public boolean hasWatcherTriggered(String watcherName)//判断某个UIWatcher是否被触发
public void resetWatcherTriggers()//重置所有UIWatcher的Trigger标记
public void removeWatcher(String name) //移除UIWatcher
public void runWatchers()//手动运行所有UIWatcher

我们还是使用示例来演示方法的使用。

测试过程

1.创建三个UIWatcher
2.启动APP1（test），并连续点击check1
3.启动APP2（salaryshow），以打断连续的点击

LogAndFalseUIWatcher 类

public class LogAndFalseUIWatcher implements UiWatcher {
    private final String TAG=getClass().getName();

    @Override
    public boolean checkForCondition() {
        Log.i(TAG, "only return false");
        return false;
    }
}

LogAndTrueUIWatcher 类

public class LogAndTrueUIWatcher implements UiWatcher {

    private final String TAG=getClass().getName();

    @Override
    public boolean checkForCondition() {
        Log.i(TAG, "only return true");
        return true;
    }
}

PressBackUIWatcher 类

public class PressBackUIWatcher implements UiWatcher {
    private final String TAG=getClass().getName();

    private UiDevice mUIDevice;

    public PressBackUIWatcher(UiDevice mUIDevice) {
        this.mUIDevice = mUIDevice;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean checkForCondition() {
        Log.i(TAG, "press back");
        mUIDevice.pressBack();
        return false;
    }
}

核心测试代码

public class UIWatcherTest extends UIDeviceTest {

    private String mPackageName="com.breakloop.test";

    private String mSalaryPackageName="com.breakloop.salaryshow";

    private String mActivityName=".MainActivity";

    private String text_check="check";

    private long timeout=1000l;

    @Before
    public void start(){
        Utils.startAPP(mDevice,mPackageName,mActivityName);
        waitForAMoment();
    }

    private void waitForAMoment(){
        mDevice.waitForWindowUpdate(mPackageName,timeout);
    }

    @After
    public void end(){
        Utils.closeAPP(mDevice,mPackageName);
        waitForAMoment();
    }

    @Test
    public void test1(){
        boolean result=true;
        UiObject ui=mDevice.findObject(new UiSelector().textStartsWith(text_check));

        //注册UIWatcher
        mDevice.registerWatcher("LogTrue",new LogAndTrueUIWatcher());
        mDevice.registerWatcher("LogFalse",new LogAndFalseUIWatcher());
        mDevice.registerWatcher("PressBack", new PressBackUIWatcher(mDevice));

        Assert.assertFalse(mDevice.hasAnyWatcherTriggered());

        //创建线程，在2秒后，启动其他APP，以打断现有操作
        new Thread() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Log.i(TAG, "run: start Salary APP");
                try {
                    sleep(timeout*2);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    Log.i(TAG, "Sleep failed");
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

                Utils.startAPP(mDevice,mSalaryPackageName,mActivityName);
            }
        }.start();

        //连续点击checkbox，之后将被打断
        for(int loop=0;loop<10;loop++){
            try {
                Log.i(TAG, "Click Check "+loop);
                ui.click();
                waitForAMoment();
            } catch (UiObjectNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                result=false;
            }
        }

        //查看UIWatcher触发情况，即各UIWatcher的checkForCondition方法返回值
        Assert.assertTrue("LogTrue was Triggered", mDevice.hasWatcherTriggered("LogTrue"));
        Assert.assertFalse("LogFalse was not Triggered",mDevice.hasWatcherTriggered("LogFalse"));
        Assert.assertFalse("PressBack was not Triggered",mDevice.hasWatcherTriggered("PressBack"));

        //重置各UIWatcher的触发标志位
        mDevice.resetWatcherTriggers();

        //再次查看UIWatcher触发情况
        Assert.assertFalse("LogTrue was not Triggered",mDevice.hasWatcherTriggered("LogTrue"));
        Assert.assertFalse("LogFalse was not Triggered",mDevice.hasWatcherTriggered("LogFalse"));
        Assert.assertFalse("PressBack was not Triggered",mDevice.hasWatcherTriggered("PressBack"));

        //移除LogTrue，然后运行剩余UIWatcher
        mDevice.removeWatcher("LogTrue");
        mDevice.runWatchers();

        //移除LogFalse，然后运行剩余UIWatcher
        mDevice.removeWatcher("LogFalse");
        mDevice.runWatchers();

        //移除PressBack，然后运行剩余UIWatcher
        mDevice.removeWatcher("PressBack");
        mDevice.runWatchers();

        //查看打断后的CASE是否能够PASS
        assertTrue(result);
    }
}

执行效果如下

执行结果如下

11-29 19:31:25.404 I/TestRunner: started: test1(com.breakloop.u2demo.uidevice.UIWatcherTest)
11-29 19:31:28.283 I/com.breakloop.u2demo.uidevice.UIWatcherTest: Click Check 0
11-29 19:31:28.284 I/com.breakloop.u2demo.uidevice.UIWatcherTest: run: start Salary APP
11-29 19:31:30.287 I/com.breakloop.u2demo.uidevice.UIWatcherTest: Click Check 1
11-29 19:31:32.312 I/com.breakloop.u2demo.uidevice.UIWatcherTest: Click Check 2
11-29 19:31:32.327 I/com.breakloop.u2demo.uidevice.uiwatcher.LogAndTrueUIWatcher: only return true
11-29 19:31:32.327 I/com.breakloop.u2demo.uidevice.uiwatcher.LogAndFalseUIWatcher: only return false
11-29 19:31:32.328 I/com.breakloop.u2demo.uidevice.uiwatcher.PressBackUIWatcher: press back
11-29 19:31:36.302 I/com.breakloop.u2demo.uidevice.UIWatcherTest: Click Check 3
11-29 19:31:38.305 I/com.breakloop.u2demo.uidevice.UIWatcherTest: Click Check 4
11-29 19:31:40.316 I/com.breakloop.u2demo.uidevice.UIWatcherTest: Click Check 5
11-29 19:31:42.325 I/com.breakloop.u2demo.uidevice.UIWatcherTest: Click Check 6
11-29 19:31:44.333 I/com.breakloop.u2demo.uidevice.UIWatcherTest: Click Check 7
11-29 19:31:46.337 I/com.breakloop.u2demo.uidevice.UIWatcherTest: Click Check 8
11-29 19:31:48.351 I/com.breakloop.u2demo.uidevice.UIWatcherTest: Click Check 9
11-29 19:31:50.362 I/com.breakloop.u2demo.uidevice.uiwatcher.LogAndFalseUIWatcher: only return false
11-29 19:31:50.362 I/com.breakloop.u2demo.uidevice.uiwatcher.PressBackUIWatcher: press back
11-29 19:31:50.436 I/com.breakloop.u2demo.uidevice.uiwatcher.PressBackUIWatcher: press back
11-29 19:31:56.078 I/TestRunner: finished: test1(com.breakloop.u2demo.uidevice.UIWatcherTest)

参考博文
https://testerhome.com/topics/465
http://blog.csdn.net/itfootball/article/details/42464875
http://blog.chengyunfeng.com/?p=505