在Space 1st Apps的项目中,我们使用了基于Spring的单元测试 , 并结合DBUnit对数据库应用程序做单元测试。
其中,数据源我们使用了Oracle、MySql数据库,Oracle数据源只有一个数据库,而MySQL数据源是一个由多台MySQL数据库组成的分布式多数据源。
对于单数据源Single DataSource的单元测试用例,如果你需要在测试用例运行之前准备一些种子数据,那么,你只需要简单地继承抽象类:AbstractDataSourceTest,例如:
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "/spring/space-apps-poke.xml" }) public class PokeInfoManagerTest extends AbstractDataSourceTest { …… @Override protected String getSeedXmlFile() { return "/seeds/poke/pokeinfo.xml"; } …… }
其中,@ContextConfiguration的参数locations的值,表示类路径下的Spring配置文件的位置,例如:/spring/space-apps-poke.xml,在开发时,你将该文件放在了src/conf文件下面,将该文件夹作为源文件夹使用,这样该文件夹下面的所有文件,就都会在类路径下面了,如下图所示:
必须实现的抽象方法:
protected abstract String getSeedXmlFile()
该方法实现,需要你返回类路径下面的测试种子数据XML文件的位置,测试种子数据文件统一放到src/conf.test下面,如下图所示:
在测试用例中,如果需要引用Spring的bean,只需像下面代码这样:
…… @Autowired private PokeInfoManager pokeInfoManager; ……
一旦加上了@Autowired注解之后,id为“pokeInfoManager“的bean,就会自动注入到测试用例中。
测试方法,只需在普通的方法前面加上注解@Test,就可以被单元测试框架运行,例如:
@Test public void getAllPokeInfoNotCached() { memCachedTemplate.delete(AppsKeyAccessor.Memcached.SPACE_APPS_POKE); ListpokeInfoList = pokeInfoManager.getAllPokeInfo(); assertNotNull(pokeInfoList); assertTrue(!pokeInfoList.isEmpty()); }
附上抽象超类的源码
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @TestExecutionListeners( { DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class, DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener.class }) @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "/spring/space-memcached.xml", "/spring/space-datasource.xml", "/spring/space-commons.xml", "/spring/space-datasource-multi.xml" }) public abstract class AbstractDataSourceTest { private Resource resource; private IDatabaseTester tester; @Autowired @Qualifier("spaceOracleDS") private DataSource dataSource; /** * Returns the test data seeds file in XML format */ protected abstract String getSeedXmlFile(); /** * Creates a new IDatabaseTester.
* Default implementation returns a {@link DataSourceDatabaseTester} * configured with the value returned from {@link getDataSource()}. */ protected IDatabaseTester newDatabaseTester() { return new DataSourceDatabaseTester(getDataSource()); } /** *Returns the test DataSource. */ protected DataSource getDataSource() { return this.dataSource; } /** * Gets the IDatabaseTester for this testCase.
* If the IDatabaseTester is not set yet, this method calls * newDatabaseTester() to obtain a new instance. * * @throws Exception */ protected IDatabaseTester getDatabaseTester() throws Exception { if (this.tester == null) { this.tester = newDatabaseTester(); } return this.tester; } /** * Returns the database operation executed in test setup. default is * DatabaseOperation.REFRESH */ protected DatabaseOperation getSetUpOperation() throws Exception { return DatabaseOperation.REFRESH; } /** * Returns the database operation executed in test cleanup.default is * DatabaseOperation.NONE */ protected DatabaseOperation getTearDownOperation() throws Exception { return DatabaseOperation.NONE; } /** * Returns data set resource in spring resource mode. eg: /seeds/xxx.xml If * the Resource is not set yet, this method calls newDataSetResource() to * obtain a new instance. */ private Resource getDataSetResource() { if (this.resource == null) { this.resource = newDataSetResource(); } return this.resource; } /** * Creates a new Resource.
* Default implementation returns a {@link ClassPathResource} configured * with the value returned from {@link getSeedXmlFile()}. */ protected Resource newDataSetResource() { return new ClassPathResource(getSeedXmlFile()); } /** * Returns the test dataset. default is FlatXmlDataSet */ private IDataSet getDataSet() throws Exception { return new FlatXmlDataSet(getDataSetResource().getInputStream()); } @Before public void setUp() throws Exception { final IDatabaseTester databaseTester = getDatabaseTester(); databaseTester.setSetUpOperation(getSetUpOperation()); databaseTester.setDataSet(getDataSet()); databaseTester.onSetup(); } @After public void tearDown() throws Exception { final IDatabaseTester databaseTester = getDatabaseTester(); databaseTester.setTearDownOperation(getTearDownOperation()); databaseTester.setDataSet(getDataSet()); databaseTester.onTearDown(); tester = null; } }
如果你不需要测试种子数据,请不要继承AbstractDataSourceTest类,而是仅需继承Spring 测试框架自带的类:AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests
如果你的测试用例想使用事务,譬如说,你不想每次运行测试用例,都把数据真实地插入到数据库中,你可以使用事务的自动回滚机制,这很简单,你只需要继承AbstractTransactionalDataSourceTest
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "/spring/space-apps-album.xml" }) public class BoPhotoManagerTest extends AbstractTransactionalDataSourceTest { …… @Override protected String getSeedXmlFile() { return "/seeds/admin/bophoto/bophoto.xml"; } …… }
以上代码和无事务支持,需要测试种子数据测试用例比较类似,在此,不再累赘。
附上AbstractTransactionalDataSourceTest的源代码:
@TestExecutionListeners( { TransactionalTestExecutionListener.class }) @Transactional @TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "jtaTransactionManager") public abstract class AbstractTransactionalDataSourceTest extends AbstractDataSourceTest { }
其中,注解@TransactionConfiguration的参数transactionManager的值为jtaTransactionManager,是Spring的bean的Id
如果测试用例需要多数据源分布式数据库,大致类似,简单说一下
对于需要测试种子数据的,请继承AbstractDistributedDataSourceTest,附上该类源码:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @TestExecutionListeners( { DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class, DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener.class }) @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "/spring/space-memcached.xml", "/spring/space-datasource.xml", "/spring/space-commons.xml", "/spring/space-datasource-multi.xml" }) public abstract class AbstractDistributedDataSourceTest { private Resource resource; private IDistributedDatabaseTester tester; @Autowired @Qualifier("distributeDBDataSource") private DataSource dataSource; /** * Returns the test data seeds file in XML format */ protected abstract String getSeedXmlFile(); /** * Creates a new IDistributedDatabaseTester.
* Default implementation returns a * {@link DistributedDataSourceDatabaseTester} configured with the value * returned from {@link getDataSource()}. */ protected IDistributedDatabaseTester newDatabaseTester() { return new DistributedDataSourceDatabaseTester(getDataSource()); } /** *Returns the test DataSource. */ protected DataSource getDataSource() { return this.dataSource; } /** * Gets the IDatabaseTester for this testCase.
* If the IDatabaseTester is not set yet, this method calls * newDatabaseTester() to obtain a new instance. * * @throws Exception */ protected IDistributedDatabaseTester getDatabaseTester() throws Exception { if (this.tester == null) { this.tester = newDatabaseTester(); } return this.tester; } /** * Returns the database operation executed in test setup. default is * DatabaseOperation.REFRESH */ protected DistributedDatabaseOperation getSetUpOperation() throws Exception { return DistributedDatabaseOperation.REFRESH; } /** * Returns the database operation executed in test cleanup.default is * DatabaseOperation.NONE */ protected DistributedDatabaseOperation getTearDownOperation() throws Exception { return DistributedDatabaseOperation.NONE; } /** * Returns data set resource in spring resource mode. eg: /seeds/xxx.xml If * the Resource is not set yet, this method calls newDataSetResource() to * obtain a new instance. */ private Resource getDataSetResource() { if (this.resource == null) { this.resource = newDataSetResource(); } return this.resource; } /** * Creates a new Resource.
* Default implementation returns a {@link ClassPathResource} configured * with the value returned from {@link getSeedXmlFile()}. */ protected Resource newDataSetResource() { return new ClassPathResource(getSeedXmlFile()); } /** * Returns the test dataset. default is FlatXmlDataSet */ private IExtDataSet getDataSet() throws Exception { return new ExtXmlDataSet(getDataSetResource().getInputStream()); } @Before public void setUp() throws Exception { final IDistributedDatabaseTester databaseTester = getDatabaseTester(); databaseTester.setSetUpOperation(getSetUpOperation()); databaseTester.setDataSet(getDataSet()); databaseTester.onSetup(); } @After public void tearDown() throws Exception { final IDistributedDatabaseTester databaseTester = getDatabaseTester(); databaseTester.setTearDownOperation(getTearDownOperation()); databaseTester.setDataSet(getDataSet()); databaseTester.onTearDown(); tester = null; } }
如果需要事务回滚机制,请继承AbstractTransactionalDistributedDataSourceTest,附上该类源码
@TestExecutionListeners( { TransactionalTestExecutionListener.class }) @Transactional @TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "jtaTransactionManager") public abstract class AbstractTransactionalDistributedDataSourceTest extends AbstractDistributedDataSourceTest { }
好了,到目前为止,测试用例是写好了,但是测试种子数据,还没有准备,这个XML文件,看起来还蛮复杂的,大家看一下样本,
……
以上XML片段是一个样本,根节点是dataset,每个子节点表示表的名称,如FA_POKE_INFO,每个节点的属性如POKE_INFO_ID,表示数据库表的列名,每个节点的属性的值就是数据表对应列的值
OK,从头开始写这么一个文件,我觉得你一定会没有耐心,还是有一些工作量的。
还好,我写了几个工具类,你只需要简单地修改几个参数, 然后运行一下,上述的XML代码就会生成了,好,我们来看代码说话,由于我们使用了Oracle和MySQL数据库,所以我使用了模板方法模式,做了少许抽象,DatabaseExporter源码:
public abstract class DatabaseExporter { private IDatabaseConnection databaseConnection; private Connection jdbcConnection; /** * write DTD file * * @param dtdFileName * * @throws Exception */ protected void writeDataDtd(String dtdFileName) throws Exception { IDataSet dataSet = getDatabaseConnection().createDataSet(); Writer out = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(dtdFileName)); FlatDtdWriter datasetWriter = new FlatDtdWriter(out); datasetWriter.setContentModel(FlatDtdWriter.CHOICE); datasetWriter.write(dataSet); } private IDatabaseConnection getDatabaseConnection() throws Exception { if (this.databaseConnection == null) { this.databaseConnection = newDatabaseConnection(getJdbcConnection()); } return this.databaseConnection; } private Connection getJdbcConnection() throws Exception { if (this.jdbcConnection == null) { this.jdbcConnection = newJdbcConnection(); } return this.jdbcConnection; } /** * full database export * * @param fullXmlFileName * @param isFlatXml * * @throws Exception */ protected void exportFullDataSet(String fullXmlFileName, boolean isFlatXml) throws Exception { IDataSet fullDataSet = getDatabaseConnection().createDataSet(); if (isFlatXml) { FlatXmlDataSet.write(fullDataSet, new FileOutputStream( fullXmlFileName)); } else { XmlDataSet .write(fullDataSet, new FileOutputStream(fullXmlFileName)); } } /** * dependent tables database export: export table X and all tables that have * a PK which is a FK on X, in the right order for insertion * * @param rootTableName * @param dependentXmlFileName * @param isFlatXml * @throws Exception */ protected void exportDependentDataSet(String rootTableName, String dependentXmlFileName, boolean isFlatXml) throws Exception { String[] depTableNames = TablesDependencyHelper.getAllDependentTables( getDatabaseConnection(), rootTableName); IDataSet depDataset = getDatabaseConnection().createDataSet( depTableNames); if (isFlatXml) { FlatXmlDataSet.write(depDataset, new FileOutputStream( dependentXmlFileName)); } else { XmlDataSet.write(depDataset, new FileOutputStream( dependentXmlFileName)); } } /** * partial database export * * @param tableName * @param partialXmlFileName * @param isFlatXml * @throws Exception */ protected void exportPartialDataSet(String tableName, String partialXmlFileName, boolean isFlatXml) throws Exception { QueryDataSet partialDataSet = new QueryDataSet(getDatabaseConnection()); partialDataSet.addTable(tableName); if (isFlatXml) { FlatXmlDataSet.write(partialDataSet, new FileOutputStream( partialXmlFileName)); } else { XmlDataSet.write(partialDataSet, new FileOutputStream( partialXmlFileName)); } } /** * partial multiple database export * * @param tableName2Query * @param partialXmlFileName * @param isFlatXml * @throws Exception */ protected void exportMultiPartialDataSet( MaptableName2Query, String partialXmlFileName, boolean isFlatXml) throws Exception { QueryDataSet partialDataSet = new QueryDataSet(getDatabaseConnection()); Validate.notEmpty(tableName2Query, "Please check tableName2Query, it must not be null or empty"); Map treeMap = new TreeMap ( tableName2Query); Set > entrys = treeMap.entrySet(); for (Entry entry : entrys) { if (StringUtils.isBlank(entry.getValue())) { partialDataSet.addTable(entry.getKey()); } else { partialDataSet.addTable(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()); } } if (isFlatXml) { FlatXmlDataSet.write(partialDataSet, new FileOutputStream( partialXmlFileName)); } else { XmlDataSet.write(partialDataSet, new FileOutputStream( partialXmlFileName)); } } /** * partial database export * * @param tableName * @param query * @param isFlatXml * @throws Exception */ protected void exportPartialDataSet(String tableName, String query, String partialXmlFileName, boolean isFlatXml) throws Exception { QueryDataSet partialDataSet = new QueryDataSet(getDatabaseConnection()); partialDataSet.addTable(tableName, query); if (isFlatXml) { FlatXmlDataSet.write(partialDataSet, new FileOutputStream( partialXmlFileName)); } else { XmlDataSet.write(partialDataSet, new FileOutputStream( partialXmlFileName)); } } protected abstract Connection newJdbcConnection() throws Exception; protected abstract IDatabaseConnection newDatabaseConnection( Connection jdbcConnection); }
MySQL 数据导出工具源代码:
public class MysqlDatabaseExporter extends DatabaseExporter { @Override protected IDatabaseConnection newDatabaseConnection( Connection jdbcConnection) { return new MySqlConnection(jdbcConnection, null); } @Override protected Connection newJdbcConnection() throws Exception { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); return DriverManager.getConnection( "jdbc:mysql://10.2.225.151:3306/SNS", "sns", "alisoft"); } /** * @param args * @throws Exception */ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { MysqlDatabaseExporter exporter = new MysqlDatabaseExporter(); Mapmap = new HashMap (); map.put("FA_GIFT_RECEIVER", "SELECT * FROM SNS.FA_GIFT_RECEIVER F limit 0,10;"); map.put("FA_GIFT_SENDER", "SELECT * FROM SNS.FA_GIFT_SENDER F limit 0,10;"); map.put("FA_GIFT_STAT", "SELECT * FROM SNS.FA_GIFT_STAT F limit 0,10;"); exporter.exportMultiPartialDataSet(map, "statefullGift.xml", false); // exporter.writeDataDtd("myFile.dtd"); // exporter.exportFullDataSet("full.xml", false); // exporter.exportDependentDataSet("FA_PHOTO", "dependents.xml", false); } }
Oracle 数据导出工具源代码:
public class OracleDatabaseExporter extends DatabaseExporter { @Override protected IDatabaseConnection newDatabaseConnection( Connection jdbcConnection) { OracleConnection connection = new OracleConnection(jdbcConnection, null); connection.getConfig().setFeature( DatabaseConfig.FEATURE_SKIP_ORACLE_RECYCLEBIN_TABLES, true); return connection; } @Override protected Connection newJdbcConnection() throws Exception { Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"); return DriverManager.getConnection( "jdbc:oracle:thin:@10.2.224.34:1521:aepdb", "sns", "sns"); } /** * @param args * @throws Exception * @throws Exception */ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { OracleDatabaseExporter exporter = new OracleDatabaseExporter(); exporter.exportPartialDataSet("FA_POKE_INFO", "partial.xml", false); exporter.writeDataDtd("myFile.dtd"); // exporter.exportFullDataSet("full.xml", false); exporter.exportDependentDataSet("BO_PHOTO", "dependents.xml", false); } }
代码很简单,如果你熟悉DBUnit,大家一看就会明白,我主要说说怎么个用法,对了,有一个小插曲,我们的多数据源分布式数据库,是根据用户的longId进行取模,然后选择不同的数据库的,这样为多数据源分布式数据库准备单元测试的种子数据,就会产生很大的障碍,我们必须能够让种子数据自动选择他们应该归属的数据库。
DBUnit的测试种子数据,大家使用最多的应该是FlatXMLFile,如上面的测试种子数据例子
在插入测试种子数据时,我们无法知道XML节点的哪个字段是作为选择多数据源的字段,我们使用isResourceId表示,平行化的结构很难表达这个ResourceId的意思。还好,DBUnit有一种非平行化的XML结构,如下XML代码所示:
POKE_ID SENDER_LONG_ID RECEIVER_LONG_ID POKE_CONTENT GMT_CREATE GMT_MODIFIED IS_DELETED
以上XML片段中,dataset表示根节点,table表示一个表,name属性表示table的名称,column表示table的一个列,中间的文本表示列名。
像以上这样,我们就可以在某个数据列上面表示哪个是ResoutceId,如上面例子中:isResourceId="true"的列,RECEIVIER_LONG_I,当然,默认的DBUnit是不支持这种扩展的,为了这个扩展,我费了很多的力气,感觉DBUnit的扩展性不是很好,至于扩展的代码,有很多,这里就不一一列举了。
说说上面的Exporter的使用方法,为了导出数据库中某个表,使用:
protected void exportPartialDataSet(String tableName, String partialXmlFileName, boolean isFlatXml) protected void exportPartialDataSet(String tableName, String query, String partialXmlFileName, boolean isFlatXml) throws Exception
- tableName,表示你要导出数据库的表名
- query,表示针对tableName的一个select查询语句,如:"select * from tableName limit 0, 1000"
- partialXmlFileName,表示导出的XML种子数据的文件名称
- isFlatXml,表示导出的XML文件是否是Flat结构,true,表示Flat XML,false表示树状XML
为了导出数据库中的多个表数据到一个XML文件中,使用:
protected void exportMultiPartialDataSet( MaptableName2Query, String partialXmlFileName, boolean isFlatXml) throws Exception
- tableName2Query,表示tableName到query语句的map,key为tableName,value为query语句,可以为空
- partialXmlFileName,表示导出的XML种子数据的文件名称
- isFlatXml,表示导出的XML文件是否是Flat结构,true,表示Flat XML,false表示树状XML
另外,还有两个方法,其一:
protected void exportFullDataSet(String fullXmlFileName, boolean isFlatXml) throws Exception
该方法用于导出数据库中所有表到一个XML文件中,一般情况下,不需要使用该方法,尤其是数据量很大的时候,参数定义如下:
- fullXmlFileName,表示导出的XML种子数据的文件名称
- isFlatXml,表示导出的文件是否是Flat结构,true,表示Flat XML,false表示树状XML
其二:
protected void writeDataDtd(String dtdFileName) throws Exception
该方法用于导出数据库表结构到一个DTD文件中,注意:该方法,可能对Oracle 10i 以上开启回收站功能的数据库,运行会失败,解决方案,就是禁用这个功能,需要DBA支持,遇到该问题时,你可以Google一下。
好了,说了这么多了,希望对你有用