我们经常需要为用户头像编写图片上传组件并实现裁剪功能,而每个网站布局都有自己的自定义尺寸,这导致在服务器上裁剪图片可能会造成图片失真,正因如此我更喜欢在客户端编辑图片,而且最近我找到一个jQuery插件可以很轻松地实现这种功能,这个jQuery插件就是Croppic。
其工作方式和Twitter、Facebook或LinkedIn的用户头像组件一样,首先用户选择需要操作的图片,然后会提供给用户滑动和缩放选项,当感觉合适了就可以点击裁剪按钮,是不是很简单?
Croppic的工作方式如下:
在本教程中我们使用Intervention Image扩展包来进行服务器端的图片处理。
注:本教程的完整代码可以在Github上找到:https://github.com/codingo-me/laravel-croppic
在继续本教程之前需要先创建一个Laravel项目croppic
(已创建的略过),并且在.env
中添加如下配置:
URL=http://croppic.dev/ UPLOAD_PATH=/var/www/croppic/public/uploads/
注:以上域名和路径需要根据你的具体情况做修改。
如果没有安装intervention/image
,参考这篇教程:在 Laravel 5 中集成 Intervention Image 实现对图片的创建、修改和压缩处理
你可以通过JS选项数组来配置几乎所有东西,Croppic可以以内置模态框的形式显示,然后你传递自定义数据到后端,定义缩放/旋转因子,定义图片输出元素,或者自定义上传按钮。
可以通过FileReader API在客户端初始化图片上传,这样你可以跳过上面Croppic工作方式的前两个步骤,但是这种解决方案有一个缺点——某些浏览器不支持FileReader API。
在这个例子中我们定义上传及裁剪URL,然后手动发送裁剪宽度和高度到后端:
var eyeCandy = $('#cropContainerEyecandy');
var croppedOptions = {
uploadUrl: 'upload',
cropUrl: 'crop',
cropData:{
'width' : eyeCandy.width(),
'height': eyeCandy.height()
}
};
var cropperBox = new Croppic('cropContainerEyecandy', croppedOptions);
eyeCandy
变量标记渲染Croppic的DOM元素,在croppedOptions
配置中我们使用jQuery来获取eyeCandy
元素的尺寸,这里我们需要计算尺寸,这是由于我们在前端使用了Bootstrap栅格,因此宽度和高度都会随着窗口的变化而变化。
如上所述,我们使用了Bootstrap并且从Croppic官网直接下载了自定义样式(home.blade.php
):
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Upload and edit images in Laravel using Croppic jQuery plugintitle>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="plugins/croppic/assets/css/main.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="plugins/croppic/assets/css/croppic.css"/>
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:300,400,900' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Mrs+Sheppards&subset=latin,latin-ext' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row margin-bottom-40">
<div class="col-md-12">
<h1>Upload and edit images in Laravel using Croppic jQuery pluginh1>
div>
div>
<div class="row margin-bottom-40">
<div class=" col-md-3">
<div id="cropContainerEyecandy">div>
div>
div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<p><a href="http://www.croppic.net/" target="_blank">Croppica> is ideal for uploading profile photos,
or photos where you require predefined size/ratio.p>
div>
div>
div>
<script src=" https://code.jquery.com/jquery-2.1.3.min.js">script>
<script src="plugins/croppic/croppic.min.js">script>
<script>
var eyeCandy = $('#cropContainerEyecandy');
var croppedOptions = {
uploadUrl: 'upload',
cropUrl: 'crop',
cropData:{
'width' : eyeCandy.width(),
'height': eyeCandy.height()
}
};
var cropperBox = new Croppic('cropContainerEyecandy', croppedOptions);
script>
body>
html>
我们需要3个路由,一个用于首页,一个用于上传post请求,还有一个用于裁剪post请求:
根据以往经验我们知道Laravel会抛出CSRF token错误,因此我们在CSRF中间件中将裁剪和上传操作予以排除:
这里我们使用数据库保存图片以便跟踪图片上传,通常在图片和用户之间还会建立关联,从而将用户和图片关联起来。
'required|mimes:png,gif,jpeg,jpg,bmp'
];
public static $messages = [
'img.mimes' => 'Uploaded file is not in image format',
'img.required' => 'Image is required'
];
}
通常我习惯将模型类放到独立的目录app/Models
中。
以下是创建images
表的迁移文件:
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
class CreateImages extends Migration
{
/**
* Run the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function up()
{
Schema::create('images', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->increments('id');
$table->text('original_name');
$table->text('filename');
$table->timestamps();
});
}
/**
* Reverse the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function down()
{
Schema::drop('images');
}
}
你需要创建新的数据库和数据库用户,然后将配置及凭证信息配置到.env
中对应选项,完成这些操作之后就可以运行迁移命令:php artisan migrate
。
该方法在用户从浏览器对话框选择图片之后会立即调用:
public function postUpload()
{
$form_data = Input::all();
$validator = Validator::make($form_data, Image::$rules, Image::$messages);
if ($validator->fails()) {
return Response::json([
'status' => 'error',
'message' => $validator->messages()->first(),
], 200);
}
$photo = $form_data['img'];
$original_name = $photo->getClientOriginalName();
$original_name_without_ext = substr($original_name, 0, strlen($original_name) - 4);
$filename = $this->sanitize($original_name_without_ext);
$allowed_filename = $this->createUniqueFilename( $filename );
$filename_ext = $allowed_filename .'.jpg';
$manager = new ImageManager();
$image = $manager->make( $photo )->encode('jpg')->save(env('UPLOAD_PATH') . $filename_ext );
if( !$image) {
return Response::json([
'status' => 'error',
'message' => 'Server error while uploading',
], 200);
}
$database_image = new Image;
$database_image->filename = $allowed_filename;
$database_image->original_name = $original_name;
$database_image->save();
return Response::json([
'status' => 'success',
'url' => env('URL') . 'uploads/' . $filename_ext,
'width' => $image->width(),
'height' => $image->height()
], 200);
}
首先我使用Image
模型的验证数组验证输入,在那里我指定了图片格式并声明图片是必填项。你也可以添加其它约束,比如图片尺寸等。
如果验证失败,后台会发送错误响应,Croppic也会弹出错误对话框。
注:原生的弹出框看上去真的很丑,所以我总是使用SweetAlert,要使用SweetAlert可以在
croppic.js
文件中搜索alert并将改行替换成:sweetAlert("Oops...", response.message, 'error');
当然你还要在HTML中引入SweetAlert相关css和js文件。
我们使用sanitize
和createUniqueFilename
方法创建服务器端文件名,通常我还会创建ImageRepository
并将所有所有方法放置到其中,但是这种方式更简单:
private function sanitize($string, $force_lowercase = true, $anal = false)
{
$strip = array("~", "`", "!", "@", "#", "$", "%", "^", "&", "*", "(", ")", "_", "=", "+", "[", "{", "]",
"}", "\\", "|", ";", ":", "\"", "'", "‘", "’", "“", "”", "–", "—",
"—", "–", ",", "<", ".", ">", "/", "?");
$clean = trim(str_replace($strip, "", strip_tags($string)));
$clean = preg_replace('/\s+/', "-", $clean);
$clean = ($anal) ? preg_replace("/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/", "", $clean) : $clean ;
return ($force_lowercase) ?
(function_exists('mb_strtolower')) ?
mb_strtolower($clean, 'UTF-8') :
strtolower($clean) :
$clean;
}
private function createUniqueFilename( $filename )
{
$upload_path = env('UPLOAD_PATH');
$full_image_path = $upload_path . $filename . '.jpg';
if ( File::exists( $full_image_path ) )
{
// Generate token for image
$image_token = substr(sha1(mt_rand()), 0, 5);
return $filename . '-' . $image_token;
}
return $filename;
}
创建完独立的文件名后,我们使用Intervention Image提供的ImageManger
来保存上传的图片。从上传方法返回的响应中Croppic需要如下字段:保存图片的status
、url
、width
和height
。
用户点击裁剪按钮后,Croppic会将用户数据发送到后端路由以便对图片执行裁剪。到这里,你应该看到了,Croppic不做任何实际裁剪工作:-),它只负责发送x/y坐标以及裁剪的宽度和高度数据,具体的裁剪实现逻辑还需要在后台编写。Croppic项目为此提供了一些相关的php脚本,但这里我们仍然选择使用Intervention Image扩展包提供的方法:
public function postCrop()
{
$form_data = Input::all();
$image_url = $form_data['imgUrl'];
// resized sizes
$imgW = $form_data['imgW'];
$imgH = $form_data['imgH'];
// offsets
$imgY1 = $form_data['imgY1'];
$imgX1 = $form_data['imgX1'];
// crop box
$cropW = $form_data['width'];
$cropH = $form_data['height'];
// rotation angle
$angle = $form_data['rotation'];
$filename_array = explode('/', $image_url);
$filename = $filename_array[sizeof($filename_array)-1];
$manager = new ImageManager();
$image = $manager->make( $image_url );
$image->resize($imgW, $imgH)
->rotate(-$angle)
->crop($cropW, $cropH, $imgX1, $imgY1)
->save(env('UPLOAD_PATH') . 'cropped-' . $filename);
if( !$image) {
return Response::json([
'status' => 'error',
'message' => 'Server error while uploading',
], 200);
}
return Response::json([
'status' => 'success',
'url' => env('URL') . 'uploads/cropped-' . $filename
], 200);
}
完整的控制器CropController
看上去应该是这样的:
fails()) {
return Response::json([
'status' => 'error',
'message' => $validator->messages()->first(),
], 200);
}
$photo = $form_data['img'];
$original_name = $photo->getClientOriginalName();
$original_name_without_ext = substr($original_name, 0, strlen($original_name) - 4);
$filename = $this->sanitize($original_name_without_ext);
$allowed_filename = $this->createUniqueFilename( $filename );
$filename_ext = $allowed_filename .'.jpg';
$manager = new ImageManager();
$image = $manager->make( $photo )->encode('jpg')->save(env('UPLOAD_PATH') . $filename_ext );
if( !$image) {
return Response::json([
'status' => 'error',
'message' => 'Server error while uploading',
], 200);
}
$database_image = new Image;
$database_image->filename = $allowed_filename;
$database_image->original_name = $original_name;
$database_image->save();
return Response::json([
'status' => 'success',
'url' => env('URL') . 'uploads/' . $filename_ext,
'width' => $image->width(),
'height' => $image->height()
], 200);
}
public function postCrop()
{
$form_data = Input::all();
$image_url = $form_data['imgUrl'];
// resized sizes
$imgW = $form_data['imgW'];
$imgH = $form_data['imgH'];
// offsets
$imgY1 = $form_data['imgY1'];
$imgX1 = $form_data['imgX1'];
// crop box
$cropW = $form_data['width'];
$cropH = $form_data['height'];
// rotation angle
$angle = $form_data['rotation'];
$filename_array = explode('/', $image_url);
$filename = $filename_array[sizeof($filename_array)-1];
$manager = new ImageManager();
$image = $manager->make( $image_url );
$image->resize($imgW, $imgH)
->rotate(-$angle)
->crop($cropW, $cropH, $imgX1, $imgY1)
->save(env('UPLOAD_PATH') . 'cropped-' . $filename);
if( !$image) {
return Response::json([
'status' => 'error',
'message' => 'Server error while uploading',
], 200);
}
return Response::json([
'status' => 'success',
'url' => env('URL') . 'uploads/cropped-' . $filename
], 200);
}
private function sanitize($string, $force_lowercase = true, $anal = false)
{
$strip = array("~", "`", "!", "@", "#", "$", "%", "^", "&", "*", "(", ")", "_", "=", "+", "[", "{", "]",
"}", "\\", "|", ";", ":", "\"", "'", "‘", "’", "“", "”", "–", "—",
"—", "–", ",", "<", ".", ">", "/", "?");
$clean = trim(str_replace($strip, "", strip_tags($string)));
$clean = preg_replace('/\s+/', "-", $clean);
$clean = ($anal) ? preg_replace("/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/", "", $clean) : $clean ;
return ($force_lowercase) ?
(function_exists('mb_strtolower')) ?
mb_strtolower($clean, 'UTF-8') :
strtolower($clean) :
$clean;
}
private function createUniqueFilename( $filename )
{
$upload_path = env('UPLOAD_PATH');
$full_image_path = $upload_path . $filename . '.jpg';
if ( File::exists( $full_image_path ) )
{
// Generate token for image
$image_token = substr(sha1(mt_rand()), 0, 5);
return $filename . '-' . $image_token;
}
return $filename;
}
}
如果操作成功,后台会返回裁剪后的图片链接,然后Croppic根据此链接显示新的图片。
声明:本文为译文,原文链接:https://tuts.codingo.me/upload-and-edit-image-using-croppic-jquery-plugin