JUC之AQS之CyclicBarrier

CyclicBarrier的字面意思是可循环使用（Cyclic）的屏障（Barrier）。它要做的事情是，让一组线程到达一个屏障（也可以叫同步点）时被阻塞，直到最后一个线程到达屏障时，屏障才会开门，所有被屏障拦截的线程才会继续运行。

CyclicBarrier有两个构造方法：

第一个构造方法只有int参数，这个参数表示屏障拦截的线程数量，每个线程调用await方法告诉CyclicBarrier我已经到达了屏障，然后当前线程被阻塞。

第二个构造方法多了一个Runnable，用于在线程到达屏障时，优先执行barrierAction，方便处理更复杂的业务场景。

先看下面这个例子：

package dgb.test.concurrent;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

/**
 * @author Dongguabai
 * @date 2018/9/30 11:45
 */
public class CyclicBarrierTest1 implements Runnable {

    public static final int COUNT = 5;

    private static CyclicBarrier c = new CyclicBarrier(COUNT);

    private static CyclicBarrierTest1 cyc = new CyclicBarrierTest1();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(COUNT);
        for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++) {
            executor.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    dosth();
                } catch (BrokenBarrierException | InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            });
        }
        executor.shutdown();
    }

    public static void dosth() throws BrokenBarrierException, InterruptedException {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(LocalDateTime.now() + "   " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  到了！再等等！");
        c.await();
        System.out.println(LocalDateTime.now() + "   " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  执行了！");
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            dosth();
        } catch (BrokenBarrierException | InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

执行结果：

也可以使用CountDownLatch完成相同的功能:

package dgb.test.concurrent;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

/**
 * @author Dongguabai
 * @date 2018/9/30 11:45
 */
public class CyclicBarrierTest1 implements Runnable {

    public static final int COUNT = 5;

   // private static CyclicBarrier c = new CyclicBarrier(COUNT);
    private static CountDownLatch c = new CountDownLatch(COUNT);

    private static CyclicBarrierTest1 cyc = new CyclicBarrierTest1();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(COUNT);
        for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++) {
            executor.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    dosth();
                } catch (BrokenBarrierException | InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            });
        }
        executor.shutdown();
    }

    public static void dosth() throws BrokenBarrierException, InterruptedException {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(LocalDateTime.now() + "   " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  到了！再等等！");
       // c.await();
        c.countDown();
        c.await();
        System.out.println(LocalDateTime.now() + "   " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  执行了！");
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            dosth();
        } catch (BrokenBarrierException | InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

将上面示例的CyclicBarrier构造修改一下：

运行结果：

CyclicBarrier和CountDownLatch的区别

CountDownLatch的计数器只能使用一次，而CyclicBarrier的计数器可以使用reset()方法重置。所以CyclicBarrier能处理更为复杂的业务场景。例如，如果计算发生错误，可以重置计数器，并让线程重新执行一次。
CyclicBarrier还提供其他有用的方法，比如getNumberWaiting方法可以获得Cyclic-Barrier阻塞的线程数量。isBroken()方法用来了解阻塞的线程是否被中断。

package dgb.test.concurrent;

import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;

public class CyclicBarrierTest3 {
    static CyclicBarrier c = new CyclicBarrier(2);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
            try {
                c.await();
            } catch (InterruptedException | BrokenBarrierException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });
        thread.start();
        thread.interrupt();
        try {
            c.await();
        } catch (InterruptedException | BrokenBarrierException e) {
            System.out.println(c.isBroken());
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

输出结果：

/**
 * Exception thrown when a thread tries to wait upon a barrier that is
 * in a broken state, or which enters the broken state while the thread
 * is waiting.
 *
 * @see CyclicBarrier
 *
 * @since 1.5
 * @author Doug Lea
 */
public class BrokenBarrierException extends Exception {