业务需要根据经纬度获取该城市的邮政编码,需要通过调用GoogleMaps来搜索地点,来获取地点的详细信息。于是查阅了一些相关的资料,特意分享出来给大家参考参考。
涉及相关的资料:
google官方文档
GoogleMaps Geocoding API:https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/geocoding/geocoding-strategies
GoogleMaps Places API Web Service:https://developers.google.com/places/web-service/search?hl=zh-tw
使用的python包:
http://github.com/slimkrazy/python-google-places
https://github.com/googlemaps/google-maps-services-python
如果不能正常访问到google就想用GoogleMaps,那这就比较尴尬了,我也很无奈。
你得有个google账号,打开https://console.developers.google.com/apis/credentials?project=imperial-palace-174906&authuser=0
如果还没创建项目的话,那先创建个项目,我这里是创建了一个googlemaps的项目
请记住3中圈中的秘钥,我们代码中要使用到。
在刚刚创建的项目库中,添加googleMaps的Google Maps Geocoding API和Google Places API Web Service
(由于我已经添加了,所以列表中是没有显示的)
两个包分别是:
http://github.com/slimkrazy/python-google-places (警示:这个包存在一个严重的bug,详情:http://blog.csdn.net/dongyouyuan/article/details/77169560)
pip安装:pip install python-google-places
https://github.com/googlemaps/google-maps-services-python
pip安装:pip install -U googlemaps
你会发现googlemaps中也有python-google-places中的功能,想问我为毛还用一个第三方的包,然而我真的无言以对,鬼知道我当初为什么用这个包。0.0(我当时搜google maps places api python 第一个就是 http://github.com/slimkrazy/python-google-places就用了)后面看有没有时间,对比一下这包和google官方包的区别
————-2017-08-04补充———————————————————————————————————–
看了一下googlemaps中的python-google-places的功能,发现其返回地点的内容实在是少,只有寥寥无几的几个字段。 http://github.com/slimkrazy/python-google-places中详细程度真的是很厉害。所用用它是没错的
{
"rating": 5,
"name": "STR Analytics",
"reference": "CmRRAAAAEyrq32Ve7RKLtI6CWpaAoTFrR2yVWlKTfnbNTmCRLj3yXcIs2k6H45JPPwPZyIpMPxEBfVIqdD9BTWekJliAvgX_OH-FJyYUWnso9oZ2CjN97I2GWhXTSK1TBUo3HBVxEhDRxa-R4nxh8UqHeJPi9LHtGhQ6VMxxTnuXCwm9vZgY0IcnTaqQhg",
"geometry": {
"location": {
"lat": 39.9148173,
"lng": -105.1206877
},
"viewport": {
"northeast": {
"lat": 39.9158015802915,
"lng": -105.1193284197085
},
"southwest": {
"lat": 39.9131036197085,
"lng": -105.1220263802915
}
}
},
"place_id": "ChIJ1VlFO-Tta4cRGQHpjODHvXU",
"formatted_address": "11001 W 120th Ave, Broomfield, CO 80021, United States",
"id": "b0003b168c40b2d378933f440b7f9a4116187dc5",
"types": [
"point_of_interest",
"establishment"
],
"icon": "https://maps.gstatic.com/mapfiles/place_api/icons/generic_business-71.png"
},
—————2017-08-04补充完毕————————————————————————————————————
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author: Dongyouyuan
# @Software: PyCharm
# @File: googleMap.py
# @Time: 17-8-2 上午11:31
from googleplaces import GooglePlaces
import googlemaps
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')
class GoogleMaps(object):
"""提供google maps服务"""
def __init__(self):
self._GOOGLE_MAPS_KEY = "你的秘钥"
self._Google_Places = GooglePlaces(self._GOOGLE_MAPS_KEY)
self._Google_Geocod = googlemaps.Client(key=self._GOOGLE_MAPS_KEY)
def _text_search(self, query, language=None, location=None):
"""
根据搜索字符串,请求google API传回推荐的列表
:param query: 搜索字符串
:param language: 语言
:param location: 地区筛选
:return:
"""
# lat_lng = {"lat": "22.5745761", "lng": "113.9393772"}
# 经纬度附近搜索
# text_query_result = self.self._Google_Places.text_search(query='Gong Yuan', lat_lng=lat_lng)
# location 为人可认识的名称
# text_query_result = self.self._Google_Places.text_search(query='Tang Lang Shan', location='shenzhen')
# 指定语言搜索
text_query_result = self._Google_Places.text_search(query=query, language=language, location=location)
return text_query_result.places
def _reverse_geocode(self, lat, lng, language=None):
"""
根据经纬度请求google API获取坐标信息,返回信息
:param lat: 纬度
:param lng:经度
:param language:语言
:return:
"""
# 根据经纬度获取地址信息 pincode
list_reverse_geocode_result = self._Google_Geocod.reverse_geocode((lat, lng), language=language)
# print json.dumps(list_reverse_geocode_result, indent=4)
return list_reverse_geocode_result
def _return_reverse_geocode_info(self, lat, lng, language=None):
"""
整理信息
:param lat:纬度
:param lng:经度
:param language:语言
:return:
"""
list_reverse_geocode = self._reverse_geocode(lat, lng, language=language)
if list_reverse_geocode:
city = ''
pincode = ''
route = ''
neighborhood = ''
sublocality = ''
administrative_area_level_1 = ''
country = ''
street_number = ''
# 全名地址
formatted_address = list_reverse_geocode[0]['formatted_address']
for address_info in list_reverse_geocode[0]['address_components']:
# 城市标识为locality
if 'locality' in address_info['types']:
city = address_info['long_name']
# 邮政编码标识为postal_code
elif 'postal_code' in address_info['types']:
pincode = address_info['long_name']
# 街道路
elif 'route' in address_info['types']:
route = address_info['long_name']
# 相似地址名
elif 'neighborhood' in address_info['types']:
neighborhood = address_info['long_name']
# 地区名
elif 'sublocality' in address_info['types']:
sublocality = address_info['long_name']
# 省份
elif 'administrative_area_level_1' in address_info['types']:
administrative_area_level_1 = address_info['long_name']
# 国家
elif 'country' in address_info['types']:
country = address_info['long_name']
# 门牌号
elif 'street_number' in address_info['types']:
street_number = address_info['long_name']
return {'city': city, 'pincode': pincode, 'route': route, 'neighborhood': neighborhood,
'sublocality': sublocality, 'administrative_area_level_1': administrative_area_level_1,
'country': country, 'formatted_address': formatted_address, 'street_number': street_number}
else:
return None
def get_pincode_city(self, lat, lng, language=None):
"""
根据经纬度获取该地区详细信息
:param lat: 纬度
:param lng: 经度
:return:
"""
reverse_geocode_info = self._return_reverse_geocode_info(lat, lng, language=language)
if reverse_geocode_info:
return {'city': reverse_geocode_info['city'], 'pincode': reverse_geocode_info['pincode']}
else:
return None
def get_address_recommendation(self, query, language=None, location=None):
"""
获取输入地址的推荐地址(最多返回5个)
:param query: 搜索地址名称
:param language: 语言
:param location: 地区筛选
:return:
"""
return_size = 5
list_return_info = list()
list_places_text_search_result = self._text_search(query=query, language=language, location=location)
# 默认返回5条数据
if len(list_places_text_search_result) > return_size:
list_places_text_search_result = list_places_text_search_result[:return_size]
for place in list_places_text_search_result:
result_geocode = self._return_reverse_geocode_info(place.geo_location['lat'], place.geo_location['lng'], language=language)
# 数据不为空
if result_geocode:
# 地点全路径加上地点名
result_geocode['formatted_address'] = '{} {}'.format(place.name, result_geocode['formatted_address'])
result_geocode['place_name'] = place.name
# 经纬度
result_geocode['lat'] = '{}'.format(place.geo_location['lat'])
result_geocode['lng'] = '{}'.format(place.geo_location['lng'])
list_return_info.append(result_geocode)
return list_return_info
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 使用实例
import json
google_maps = GoogleMaps()
result_recommendation_list = google_maps.get_address_recommendation(query='天河公园', language='zh', location='中国')
pincode_city = google_maps.get_pincode_city(22.547143, 114.062753)
print json.dumps(result_recommendation_list, indent=4, encoding='utf-8')
print '*'*100
print pincode_city
{
"code": 0,
"data": {
"address_recommendation": [
{
"administrative_area_level_1": "广东省",
"city": "广州市",
"country": "中国",
"formatted_address": "天河公园 中国广东省广州市天河区天河公园华翠街66号",
"lat": "23.1267447",
"lng": "113.3679628",
"neighborhood": "天河公园",
"pincode": "",
"place_name": "天河公园",
"route": "华翠街",
"street_number": "66",
"sublocality": "天河区"
},
{
"administrative_area_level_1": "广东省",
"city": "广州市",
"country": "中国",
"formatted_address": "天河公园(东门) 中国广东省广州市天河区天河公园华翠街66号",
"lat": "23.12583799999999",
"lng": "113.368506",
"neighborhood": "天河公园",
"pincode": "",
"place_name": "天河公园(东门)",
"route": "华翠街",
"street_number": "66",
"sublocality": "天河区"
},
{
"administrative_area_level_1": "广东省",
"city": "广州市",
"country": "中国",
"formatted_address": "天河公园(西门) 中国广东省广州市天河区天河公园天府路139号",
"lat": "23.128752",
"lng": "113.363186",
"neighborhood": "天河公园",
"pincode": "",
"place_name": "天河公园(西门)",
"route": "天府路",
"street_number": "139",
"sublocality": "天河区"
},
{
"administrative_area_level_1": "广东省",
"city": "广州市",
"country": "中国",
"formatted_address": "天河公园(南1门) 中国广东省广州市天河区天河公园黄埔大道中199号",
"lat": "23.12312",
"lng": "113.365254",
"neighborhood": "天河公园",
"pincode": "",
"place_name": "天河公园(南1门)",
"route": "黄埔大道中",
"street_number": "199",
"sublocality": "天河区"
},
{
"administrative_area_level_1": "广东省",
"city": "广州市",
"country": "中国",
"formatted_address": "天河公园(北1门) 中国广东省广州市天河区天河公园中山大道西246号-540号 邮政编码: 510640",
"lat": "23.131274",
"lng": "113.367319",
"neighborhood": "天河公园",
"pincode": "510640",
"place_name": "天河公园(北1门)",
"route": "中山大道西",
"street_number": "246号-540号",
"sublocality": "天河区"
}
]
},
"msg": "ok"
}
****************************************************************************************************
{'city': u'Shenzhen Shi', 'pincode': u'518000'}
GoogleMaps类提供两个对外服务的方法:
get_address_recommendation:根据用户的搜索字符和地区过滤,获得最多5条的返回结果,值得一提的是该函数的参数language是控制返回结果的语言,也就是说,你可以搜query是park,location=’America’,language=’zh’,
get_pincode_city:根据经纬度获取该地区的邮政编码和城市名称(我做了截取,只截取了城市和邮政编码,事实上可以获取该地区的所有详细信息,你可以打印get_pincode_city方法里面的reverse_geocode_info变量,你会有惊喜的发现)
当然我只是根据业务要求做了一个特定的定制化,当然GoogleMaps是不止我用得那么简单的,其中还有更多有趣,高级的功能,希望有兴趣的同学可以继续深研下去。希望这篇文章能帮到大家,感谢各位!