1.内存配置
MemoryConfigurationProvider使用内存中集合作为配置键值对。若要激活内存中集合配置,请在ConfigurationBuilder的实例上调用AddInMemoryCollection扩展方法。可以使用IEnumerable
public class Program { public static readonly Dictionary<string, string> _dict = new Dictionary<string, string> { {"MemoryCollectionKey1", "value1"}, {"MemoryCollectionKey2", "value2"} }; public static void Main(string[] args) { CreateWebHostBuilder(args).Build().Run(); } public static IWebHostBuilder CreateWebHostBuilder(string[] args) => WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args) .ConfigureAppConfiguration((hostingContext, config) => { config.AddInMemoryCollection(_dict); }) .UseStartup(); }
1.1GetValue
ConfigurationBinder.GetValue
public Startup(IConfiguration configuration) { Configuration = configuration; var config = Configuration.GetValue<string>("MemoryCollectionKey1", "value3"); }
而通过启动应用程序时会看到如下配置信息:
ConfigurationBinder.GetValue找到定义string类型MemoryCollectionKey1键值并输出。如果我们把获取键名称更改为MemoryCollectionKey3,再来看看获取键值输出结果:
我们会看到当ConfigurationBinder.GetValue找不到定义string类型MemoryCollectionKey3键时,则输出默认值。
2.绑定到实体类
可以使用选项模式将文件配置绑定到相关实体类。配置值作为字符串返回,但调用Bind 可以绑定POCO对象。Bind在Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Binder包中,后者在 Microsoft.AspNetCore.App元包中。现在我们在CoreWeb/Models目录下新增一个叫starship.json文件,配置内容如下:
{ "starship": { "name": "USS Enterprise", "registry": "NCC-1701", "class": "Constitution", "length": 304.8, "commissioned": false }, "trademark": "Paramount Pictures Corp. http://www.paramount.com" }
然后再新增一个对应配置内容的实体模型(/Models/Starship.cs):
public class Starship { public string Name { get; set; } public string Registry { get; set; } public string Class { get; set; } public decimal Length { get; set; } public bool Commissioned { get; set; } }
构建主机时调用ConfigureAppConfiguration以指定应用程序的配置:
public static void Main(string[] args) { CreateWebHostBuilder(args).Build().Run(); } public static IWebHostBuilder CreateWebHostBuilder(string[] args) => WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args) .ConfigureAppConfiguration((hostingContext, config) => { config.SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()); config.AddJsonFile( "starship.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true); }) .UseStartup();
示例应用程序调用GetSection方法获取json文件中starship键。通过Bind方法把starship键属性值绑定到Starship类的实例中:
var starship = new Starship(); Configuration.GetSection("starship").Bind(starship); var _starship = starship;
3.绑定至对象图
通过第2小节我们学习到如何绑定配置文件内容映射到实例化实体类属性去,同样,配置文件内容也可以绑定到对象图去。现在我们在CoreWeb/Models目录下新增一个叫tvshow.xml文件,配置内容如下:
"1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>Dr. Who The Sun Makers 11/26/1977 4 Tom Baker, Louise Jameson, John Leeson (c)1977 BBC https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006q2x0
然后再新增一个对应配置内容的实体模型(/Models/TvShow.cs),其对象图包含Metadata和 Actors类:
public class TvShow { public Metadata Metadata { get; set; } public Actors Actors { get; set; } public string Legal { get; set; } } public class Metadata { public string Series { get; set; } public string Title { get; set; } public DateTime AirDate { get; set; } public int Episodes { get; set; } } public class Actors { public string Names { get; set; } }
构建主机时调用ConfigureAppConfiguration以指定应用程序的配置:
config.AddXmlFile("tvshow.xml", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true);
使用Bind方法将配置内容绑定到整个TvShow对象图。将绑定实例分配给用于呈现的属性:
public Startup(IConfiguration configuration) { Configuration = configuration; var tvShow = new TvShow(); Configuration.GetSection("tvshow").Bind(tvShow); var _tvShow = tvShow; }
当应用程序启动时会提供XML文件配置内容:
还有一种Bind方法可以将配置内容绑定到整个TvShow对象图:
public Startup(IConfiguration configuration) { Configuration = configuration; var _tvShow = Configuration.GetSection("tvshow").Get(); }
4.将数组绑定至类
Bind方法也支持把配置内容键中的数组绑定到对象类去。公开数字键段(:0:、:1:、… :{n}:)的任何数组格式都能够与POCO类数组进行绑定。使用内存配置提供应用程序在示例中加载这些键和值:
public class Program { public static Dictionary<string, string> arrayDict = new Dictionary<string, string> { {"array:entries:0", "value0"}, {"array:entries:1", "value1"}, {"array:entries:2", "value2"}, {"array:entries:4", "value4"}, {"array:entries:5", "value5"} }; public static void Main(string[] args) { CreateWebHostBuilder(args).Build().Run(); } public static IWebHostBuilder CreateWebHostBuilder(string[] args) => WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args) .ConfigureAppConfiguration((hostingContext, config) => { config.SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()); config.AddInMemoryCollection(arrayDict); }) .UseStartup(); }
因为配置绑定程序无法绑定null值,所以该数组跳过了索引#3的值。在示例应用程序中,POCO类可用于保存绑定的配置数据:
public class ArrayExample { public string[] Entries { get; set; } }
将配置数据绑定至对象:
public Startup(IConfiguration configuration) { Configuration = configuration; var arrayExample = new ArrayExample(); Configuration.GetSection("array").Bind(arrayExample); var _arrayExample = arrayExample; }
还可以使用ConfigurationBinder.Get
public Startup(IConfiguration configuration) { Configuration = configuration; var _arrayExample = _config.GetSection("array").Get(); }
5.在Razor Pages页或MVC视图中访问配置
若要访问RazorPages页或MVC视图中的配置设置,请为Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration命名空间添加using指令(C#参考:using指令)并将IConfiguration注入页面或视图。
在Razor页面页中:
@page @model IndexModel @using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration @inject IConfiguration Configuration "en">Index Page Access configuration in a Razor Pages page
Configuration value for 'key': @Configuration["key"]
在MVC视图中:
@using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration @inject IConfiguration Configuration "en">Index View Access configuration in an MVC view
Configuration value for 'key': @Configuration["key"]
参考文献:
ASP.NET Core 中的配置