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这是花费了一个月的时间摸索整理出来的一份总结。分享出来一方面是给新人一个借鉴，另一方面对自己也算是个备份。
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整个Django项目：
├── examples.desktop
├── microblog
│ ├── blog
│ │ ├── admin.py
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ ├── migrations
│ │ │ └── __init__.py
│ │ ├── models.py
│ │ ├── __pycache__
│ │ │ ├── __init__.cpython-35.pyc
│ │ │ └── views.cpython-35.pyc
│ │ ├── static
│ │ │ └── zfbcdn.js
│ │ ├── templates
│ │ │ └── index.html
│ │ ├── tests.py
│ │ └── views.py
│ ├── db.sqlite3
│ ├── manage.py
│ └── microblog
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── __pycache__
│ │ ├── __init__.cpython-35.pyc
│ │ ├── settings.cpython-35.pyc
│ │ ├── urls.cpython-35.pyc
│ │ └── wsgi.cpython-35.pyc
│ ├── settings.py
│ ├── urls.py
│ └── wsgi.py
├── PycharmProjects
│ ├── 1A
│ │ ├── setup.py
│ │ └── testA.py 1. Django项目如何创建呢？
1.1 首先需要在ubuntu上面安装python-pip
sudo apt-get install python3-pip1.2 升级pip
sudo pip3 install –upgrade pip1.3 安装django
sudo pip3 install Django==1.8.01.4 创建工程项目microblog
django-admin.py startproject microblog此时的情况：
│── microblog
│ ├── db.sqlite3
│ ├── manage.py
│ └── microblog
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── __pycache__
│ │ ├── __init__.cpython-35.pyc
│ ├── settings.py
│ ├── urls.py
│ └── wsgi.py 1.5 创建app项目blog（此命令在manage.py同级的目录处执行）
python3 manage.py startapp blog 1.6 首先在settings.py中添加自己的app名称：
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'blog',
)新建的 app 如果不加到 INSTALL_APPS 中的话, Django 就不能自动找到app中的模板文件(app-name/templates/下的文件)和静态文件(app-name/static/中的文件)
1.7 在views.py中定义视图函数：
# coding:utf-8
# !usr/bin/env python3
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
# Create your views here.
# 定义了一个index()函数，第一个参数必须是 request，与网页发来的请求有关，request 变量里面包含get或post的内容，用户浏览器，系统等信息在里面
# HttpResponse，它是用来向网页返回内容的，就像Python中的 print 一样，只不过 HttpResponse 是把内容显示到网页上
def index(request):
return render(request, 'index.html', {'title': '我是自由修改的标题'})
# return HttpResponse(u'欢应')
# 由于使用POST要CSTF，因此要加上这个
@csrf_exempt
def user(request):
if request.method=='POST':
m_user = request.POST.get('user', 'default')
m_pwd = request.POST.get('pwd', '111111')
m_option = request.POST.get('love', 'default')
return HttpResponse(m_user + m_pwd + m_option)
else:
return HttpResponse("这是get请求")1.8 在urls.py中定义视图函数相关的url：
# coding:utf-8
# !usr/bin/env python3
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
# 自己导入
from blog import views as blog
urlpatterns = [
# Examples:
# url(r'^$', 'microblog.views.home', name='home'),
# url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),
url(r'^$', blog.index, name='default'),
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
url(r'^index', blog.index, name='index'),
url(r'^user', blog.user, name='user')
]
（注意需要在settings.py添加模板的路径，顺便添加静态文件位置，以及ALLOWED_HOSTS：
# 需要在DIRS中添加模板文件路径
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': ['blog/templates'],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
# 此处填写Ip(比如23.12.34.56)和对应的域名(www.baidu.com)
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['XX.XXX.XX.X','XXX']
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
# python manage.py collectstatic
# 就会自动把所有STATICFILES_DIRS静态文件全部复制到STATIC_ROOT中
# STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, '/home/')
# 用来存放单个App的静态文件
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
'blog/static',
)）
1.9 更改一下models.py文件并：
python3 manage.py makemigrations
python3 manage.py migrate
1.10 此时运行：
python3 manage.py runserver 8000
(默认在8000端口运行)
2. 把本地项目部署在服务器
2.1 安装pip3：
sudo apt install python3-pip 2.2 在服务器上下载uwsgi：
sudo python3 -m pip install uwsgi 2.3 安装nginx：
sudo apt-get install nginx 2.4 在工程目录下建立myweb_uwsgi.ini文件：
|-- blog
| |-- __init__.py
| |-- __pycache__
| | |-- __init__.cpython-35.pyc
| | |-- views.cpython-35.pyc
| |-- admin.py
| |-- migrations
| | |-- __init__.py
| |-- models.py
| |-- static
| | |-- zfbcdn.js
| |-- templates
| | |-- index.html
| |-- tests.py
| |-- views.py
|-- db.sqlite3
|-- manage.py
|-- microblog
| |-- __init__.py
| |-- __pycache__
| | |-- __init__.cpython-35.pyc
| | |-- settings.cpython-35.pyc
| | |-- urls.cpython-35.pyc
| | |-- wsgi.cpython-35.pyc
| |-- settings.py
| |-- urls.py
| |-- wsgi.py
|-- myweb_uwsgi.ini 文件内容如下：
# myweb_uwsgi.ini file
[uwsgi]
# django-related settings
# django project socket port
socket = :8000
# set running directory before loading
chdir = /home/microblog
# python project's wsgi file location
module = microblog.wsgi
# enable master process
master = true
# processes that were opened
processes = 4
# file permission
chomd-socket = 664
# autoclean environments when server exits
vacuum = true
# let process run in daemonize
daemonize = /home/log/blogserver.log
# split log file by size(KB)
log-maxsize = 10000002.5 然后进入/etc/nginx目录下：
mylinux@VM-11-11-mylinux:/home/microblog$ cd /etc/nginx
mylinux@VM-11-11-mylinux:/etc/nginx$ ls
conf.d koi-utf nginx.conf sites-available uwsgi_params
fastcgi.conf koi-win proxy_params sites-enabled win-utf
fastcgi_params mime.types scgi_params snippets
mylinux@VM-11-11-mylinux:/etc/nginx$ 然后sudo vi nginx.conf后不更该其他内容，只在http{}内增加以下代码：
server {
listen 80 ;
server_name XX ; # 此处填写域名或者ip，比如www.baidu.com
charset UTF-8 ;
access_log /home/log/myweb_access.log ;
error_log /home/log/myweb_error.log ;
client_max_body_size 75M ;
location / {
include uwsgi_params ;
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8000 ;
uwsgi_read_timeout 2 ;
}
location /static {
expires 30d ;
autoindex on ;
add_header Cache-Control private ;
alias /home/microblog/blog/static/ ;
}
}2.6 运行Django项目：
uwsgi –ini /home/microblog/myweb_uwsgi.ini 2.7 然后运行或重启nginx：
service nginx restart 附录：各文件内容
manage.py
# manage.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# manage.py
import os
import sys
if __name__ == "__main__":
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "microblog.settings")
from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)settings.py
# coding:utf-8
# !usr/bin/env python3
# settings.py
"""
Django settings for microblog project.
Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.8.
For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/settings/
For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/
"""
# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
import os
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/deployment/checklist/
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'v%-j08&2k4!$&jlr7ld(v+e*1#-x3j7xl)6$x-1@xokqena5rt'
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
# Application definition
# following lists were added by myself
"""
新建的 app 如果不加到 INSTALL_APPS 中的话, django 就不能自动找到app中的模板文件(app-name/templates/下的文件)和静态文件(app-name/static/中的文件)
"""
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'microblog',
)
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
)
ROOT_URLCONF = 'microblog.urls'
# 需要在DIRS中添加模板文件路径
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': ['blog/templates'],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'microblog.wsgi.application'
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
}
}
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/static-files/
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
# python manage.py collectstatic
# 就会自动把所有STATICFILES_DIRS静态文件全部复制到STATIC_ROOT中
# STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, '/home/')
# 用来存放单个App的静态文件
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
'blog/static',
)
'''
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
# 当运行 python manage.py collectstatic 的时候
# STATIC_ROOT 文件夹 是用来将所有STATICFILES_DIRS中所有文件夹中的文件，以及各app中static中的文件都复制过来
# 把这些文件放到一起是为了用apache等部署的时候更方便
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'collected_static')
# 其它 存放静态文件的文件夹，可以用来存放项目中公用的静态文件，里面不能包含 STATIC_ROOT
# 如果不想用 STATICFILES_DIRS 可以不用，都放在 app 里的 static 中也可以
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "common_static"),
'/path/to/others/static/', # 用不到的时候可以不写这一行
)
# 这个是默认设置，Django 默认会在 STATICFILES_DIRS中的文件夹 和 各app下的static文件夹中找文件
# 注意有先后顺序，找到了就不再继续找了
STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
"django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder",
"django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder"
)
'''urls.py
# coding:utf-8
# !usr/bin/env python3
# urls.py
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin
# 自己导入
from blog import views as blog
urlpatterns = [
# Examples:
# url(r'^$', 'microblog.views.home', name='home'),
# url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),
url(r'^$', blog.index, name='default'),
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
url(r'^index', blog.index, name='index'),
url(r'^user', blog.user, name='user')
]wsgi.py
# wsgi.py
"""
WSGI config for microblog project.
It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.
For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/deployment/wsgi/
"""
import os
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "microblog.settings")
application = get_wsgi_application()admin.py
# coding:utf-8
# !usr/bin/env python3
# admin.py
# Register your models here.
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Article, Person
class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title', 'pub_date', 'update_time',)views.py
# coding:utf-8
# !usr/bin/env python3
# views.py
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
# Create your views here.
# 定义了一个index()函数，第一个参数必须是 request，与网页发来的请求有关，request 变量里面包含get或post的内容，用户浏览器，系统等信息在里面
# HttpResponse，它是用来向网页返回内容的，就像Python中的 print 一样，只不过 HttpResponse 是把内容显示到网页上
def index(request):
return render(request, 'index.html', {'title': '我是自由修改的标题'})
# return HttpResponse(u'欢应')
# 由于使用POST要CSTF，因此要加上这个
@csrf_exempt
def user(request):
if request.method=='POST':
m_user = request.POST.get('user', 'default')
m_pwd = request.POST.get('pwd', '111111')
m_option = request.POST.get('love', 'default')
return HttpResponse(m_user + m_pwd + m_option)
else:
return HttpResponse("这是get请求")
class PersonAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('full_name',)
admin.site.register(Article, ArticleAdmin)
admin.site.register(Person, PersonAdmin)models.py
# coding:utf-8
# !usr/bin/env python3
# models.py
# Create your models here.
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.db import models
from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible
# python_2_unicode_compatible 会自动做一些处理去适应python不同的版本，
# 本例中的 unicode_literals 可以让python2.x 也像 python3 那个处理 unicode 字符
@python_2_unicode_compatible
class Article(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(u'标题', max_length=256)
content = models.TextField(u'内容')
pub_date = models.DateTimeField(u'发表时间', auto_now_add=True, editable=True)
update_time = models.DateTimeField(u'更新时间', auto_now=True, null=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class Person(models.Model):
first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
def my_property(self):
return self.first_name + ' ' + self.last_name
my_property.short_description = "Full name of the person"
full_name = property(my_property)
tests.py
# tests.py
from django.test import TestCase
# Create your tests here.结束