每日一个linux命令23-du

1. 命令解析

命令用途：
汇总每个文件（夹）的磁盘占用情况

命令格式：

du [OPTION]... [FILE]...

命令参数：

-a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories
--apparent-size print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although
the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be
larger due to holes in ('sparse') files, internal
fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
-B, --block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g.,
'-BM' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes;
see SIZE format below
-b, --bytes equivalent to '--apparent-size --block-size=1'
-c, --total produce a grand total
-D, --dereference-args dereference only symlinks that are listed on the
command line
-d, --max-depth=N print the total for a directory (or file, with --all)
only if it is N or fewer levels below the command
line argument; --max-depth=0 is the same as
--summarize
--files0-from=F summarize disk usage of the
NUL-terminated file names specified in file F;
if F is -, then read names from standard input
-H equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)
-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
--inodes list inode usage information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-L, --dereference dereference all symbolic links
-l, --count-links count sizes many times if hard linked
-m like --block-size=1M
-P, --no-dereference don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
-S, --separate-dirs for directories do not include size of subdirectories
--si like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-s, --summarize display only a total for each argument
-t, --threshold=SIZE exclude entries smaller than SIZE if positive,
or entries greater than SIZE if negative
--time show time of the last modification of any file in the
directory, or any of its subdirectories
--time=WORD show time as WORD instead of modification time:
atime, access, use, ctime or status
--time-style=STYLE show times using STYLE, which can be:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, or +FORMAT;
FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'
-X, --exclude-from=FILE exclude files that match any pattern in FILE
--exclude=PATTERN exclude files that match PATTERN
-x, --one-file-system skip directories on different file systems
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit

2. 示例

2.1 查看文件夹

[root@test findTest]# ls
2rd  f1  F1  f1.tar  f1.tar.bz  f1.tar.gz  f2  F2  f2.tar  f3  F3  f4  test.sh  tmp
[root@test findTest]# du
8   ./tmp
4   ./2rd/3rd/test
16  ./2rd/3rd
36  ./2rd
100 .

NOTE:默认不包含文件
2.2 查看文件及文件夹

[root@test findTest]# du -a -S
4   ./test.sh
4   ./F1
4   ./f1.tar.gz
0   ./f3
12  ./f1.tar
4   ./tmp/f1
8   ./tmp
4   ./f1.tar.bz
0   ./f4
4   ./F2
4   ./f2
12  ./f2.tar
0   ./F3
4   ./f1
4   ./2rd/F1
0   ./2rd/f3
...

2.3 只查看当前目录（不包括子目录）

[root@test findTest]# du -a -d1
4   ./test.sh
4   ./F1
4   ./f1.tar.gz
0   ./f3
12  ./f1.tar
8   ./tmp
4   ./f1.tar.bz
0   ./f4
4   ./F2
4   ./f2
12  ./f2.tar
0   ./F3
4   ./f1
36  ./2rd
100 .

2.4 只显示总和和大小

[root@test findTest]# du -s
100 .

2.5 按空间使用大小排序

[root@test test]# du -h |sort -hr|more
168K    .
100K    ./findTest
36K ./findTest/2rd
16K ./lessTest
16K ./findTest/2rd/3rd
16K ./catTest
12K ./moreTest
8.0K    ./nlTest
8.0K    ./headTest
8.0K    ./findTest/tmp
4.0K    ./findTest/2rd/3rd/test
4.0K    ./du

2.6 按大小过滤

[root@test findTest]# du
8   ./tmp
4   ./2rd/3rd/test
16  ./2rd/3rd
36  ./2rd
100 .
[root@test findTest]# du -t10K
16  ./2rd/3rd
36  ./2rd
100 .
[root@test findTest]# du -t -10K
8   ./tmp
4   ./2rd/3rd/test