本篇主要演示Keepalived高可用对之间的故障切换过程及详细配置,具体工作原理可以见上一篇博客《Keepalived学习总结》。


实验要求 ==> 实现Keepalived高可用对之间的故障切换过程,配置的vrrp实例的VIP为192.168.10.66,可以将其配置在网卡别名上。

实验环境 ==> CentOS 7.x

实验目的 ==> 实现Keepalived高可用对之间的故障切换功能

实验主机 ==> 192.168.10.6(主机名:node1)、192.168.10.7(主机名:node2)

实验前提 ==> 高可用对之间时间同步(可通过周期性任务来实现)

实验操作如下。


1、编辑keepalived配置文件

配置Keepalived单实例实现单IP自动漂移接管_第1张图片

注意:使用vim打开/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf后,先注释掉virtual_server相关的配置,可在末行模式下使用命令":.,$s/^/#/g"注释。


2、启动keepalived服务

(1) 在node1(192.168.10.6)上

[root@node1 ~]# systemctl start keepalived.service		# 启动keepalived服务
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status keepalived.service		# 查看keepalived服务状态
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2017-07-08 05:51:16 CST; 5s ago
   		   # 已经在运行中
  Process: 16520 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 16521 (keepalived)
   CGroup: /system.slice/keepalived.service
           ├─16521 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           ├─16522 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           └─16523 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D

Jul 08 05:51:18 node1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[16522]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.10.6 added
Jul 08 05:51:18 node1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[16522]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector
Jul 08 05:51:18 node1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[16522]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
Jul 08 05:51:18 node1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[16522]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Jul 08 05:51:18 node1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[16522]: Configuration is using : 7429 Bytes
Jul 08 05:51:18 node1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[16522]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
Jul 08 05:51:18 node1 Keepalived_vrrp[16523]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
																  # node1启动后状态为MASTER路由器
Jul 08 05:51:18 node1 Keepalived_vrrp[16523]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
Jul 08 05:51:18 node1 Keepalived_vrrp[16523]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on ens33 for 192.168.10.66
																  # node1发送免费ARP通告虚拟路由所在的MAC地址(ens33)
Jul 08 05:51:18 node1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[16522]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.10.66 added
														# 已经添加虚拟路由IP(192.168.10.66)


同样的信息可在/var/log/message中获得。

[root@node1 ~]# tail -5 /var/log/messages 
Jul  8 05:51:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16523]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Jul  8 05:51:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16523]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
Jul  8 05:51:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16523]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on ens33 for 192.168.10.66
Jul  8 05:51:18 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[16522]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.10.66 added
Jul  8 05:51:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16523]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on ens33 for 192.168.10.66


查看虚拟路由IP。

[root@node1 ~]# ip addr l
(...省略...)
 ens33:  mtu 1280 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:13:d1:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.10.6/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.10.66/32 scope global ens33# 已经配置了虚拟路由IP
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever


(2) 在node2(192.168.10.7)上

[root@node2 ~]# systemctl start keepalived.service
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl status keepalived.service
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2017-07-08 06:48:36 CST; 30s ago
  Process: 14507 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 14508 (keepalived)
   CGroup: /system.slice/keepalived.service
           ├─14508 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           ├─14509 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           └─14510 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D

Jul 08 06:48:36 node2 Keepalived_vrrp[14510]: Configuration is using : 62884 Bytes
Jul 08 06:48:36 node2 Keepalived_vrrp[14510]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
Jul 08 06:48:36 node2 Keepalived_vrrp[14510]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
																  # 启动后作为BACKUP路由器
Jul 08 06:48:36 node2 Keepalived_vrrp[14510]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), unicast(0), fd(10,11)]
Jul 08 06:48:36 node2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[14509]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.10.7 added
Jul 08 06:48:36 node2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[14509]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector
Jul 08 06:48:36 node2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[14509]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
Jul 08 06:48:36 node2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[14509]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Jul 08 06:48:36 node2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[14509]: Configuration is using : 7427 Bytes
Jul 08 06:48:36 node2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[14509]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...


此时VIP应该只配置在node1的ens33接口上,而不是配置在本主机(node2)的ens34接口上。

[root@node2 ~]# ip a
 ens34:  mtu 1280 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:68:80:eb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.10.7/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global ens34
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       # BACKUP状态下没有配置VIP


3、暂停node1上的keepalived服务,测试node2节点是否会自动转变为MASTER状态

(1) 在node1(192.168.10.6)上

[root@node1 ~]# systemctl stop keepalived.service
[root@node1 ~]# tail /var/log/messages 
Jul  8 06:58:20 localhost Keepalived[16723]: Stopping Keepalived v1.2.13 (11/05,2016)
											 # 关闭keepalived服务
Jul  8 06:58:20 localhost systemd: Stopping LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor...
Jul  8 06:58:20 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16725]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) sending 0 priority
												# 将自身优先级将为0,以让其它节点接任Master
Jul  8 06:58:20 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16725]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
																	 # 移除VIP
Jul  8 06:58:20 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[16724]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.10.66 removed
															# VIP已经从node1上移除
Jul  8 06:58:20 localhost systemd: Stopped LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor.


查看ip地址。

[root@node1 ~]# ip a
 ens33:  mtu 1280 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:13:d1:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.10.6/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       # node1已经移除了VIP


(2) 在node2(192.168.10.7)上

[root@node2 ~]# tail /var/log/messages 
Jul  8 06:58:21 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[14510]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
Jul  8 06:58:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[14510]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
																	# node2转变为Master状态
Jul  8 06:58:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[14510]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
																	# node2设置VIP
Jul  8 06:58:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[14510]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on ens34 for 192.168.10.66
																	# node2发送免费ARP,通告现在VIP对应的MAC地址
Jul  8 06:58:22 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[14509]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.10.66 added
Jul  8 06:58:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[14510]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on ens34 for 192.168.10.66


此时在node2的ens34接口上应该配置有VIP。

[root@node2 ~]# ip a
 ens34:  mtu 1280 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:68:80:eb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.10.7/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global ens34
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.10.66/32 scope global ens34# VIP
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever


4、再次启动node1节点的keepalived服务,测试node1是否能够转变为Master状态,并夺回VIP

(1) 在node1(192.168.10.6)上

[root@node1 ~]# systemctl start keepalived.service
[root@node1 ~]# tail /var/log/messages
Jul  8 07:14:38 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16778]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
Jul  8 07:14:38 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16778]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received lower prio advert, forcing new election
Jul  8 07:14:39 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16778]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Jul  8 07:14:39 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16778]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
Jul  8 07:14:39 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16778]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on ens33 for 192.168.10.66
Jul  8 07:14:39 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[16777]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.10.66 added
Jul  8 07:14:44 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16778]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on ens33 for 192.168.10.66
																	# node1再次发送免费ARP
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# 
[root@node1 ~]# ip a
 ens33:  mtu 1280 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:13:d1:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.10.6/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.10.66/32 scope global ens33	# VIP已经夺回
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever


(2) 在node2(192.168.10.7)上

[root@node2 ~]# tail /var/log/messages
Jul  8 07:14:39 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[14510]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert
												# node2收到node1发送的vrrp报文,发现node1的优先级比自己的高
Jul  8 07:14:39 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[14510]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
												# node2重新返回BACKUP状态
Jul  8 07:14:39 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[14510]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
Jul  8 07:14:39 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[14509]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.10.66 removed
															# node2将VIP移除


此时node2上应该没有配置VIP。

[root@node2 ~]# ip a
 ens34:  mtu 1280 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:68:80:eb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.10.7/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global ens34
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever


测试演示完毕。


补充:

此外,也可将VIP配置在网卡别名上,例如:

# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
	...
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.10.66 dev ens33 label ens33:0
    }
}

这样配置的VIP则可以通过ifconfig命令来查看。