原文:http://www.myexception.cn/operating-system/2052286.html
iOS开发之蓝牙通讯
一、引言
蓝牙是设备近距离通信的一种方便手段,在iPhone引入蓝牙4.0后,设备之间的通讯变得更加简单。相关的蓝牙操作由专门的CoreBluetooth.framework进行统一管理。通过蓝牙进行通讯交互分为两方,一方为中心设备central,一方为外设peripheral,外设通过广播的方式向外发送信息,中心设备检索到外设发的广播信息,可以进行配对连接,进而进行数据交互。
二、中心设备CBCentralManager
CBCentralManager是管理中心设备的管理类,其中重要方法如下:
//设置中心设备代理@property(assign, nonatomic, nullable) iddelegate;//中心设备当前状态@property(readonly) CBCentralManagerState state;//中心设备是否正在扫描@property(readonly) BOOL isScanning NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 9_0);
其中state是一个枚举,有关蓝牙是否可用的状态如下:
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CBCentralManagerState) {//状态未知CBCentralManagerStateUnknown =0,//连接断开 即将重置CBCentralManagerStateResetting,//该平台不支持蓝牙CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported,//未授权蓝牙使用 hovertree.comCBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized,//蓝牙关闭CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff,//蓝牙正常开启CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn,
};
下面这些方法用于初始化管理中心:
//初始化方法//设置的代理需要遵守CBCentralManagerDelegate协议//queue可以设置蓝牙扫描的线程 传入nil则为在主线程中进行- (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(nullable id)delegatequeue:(nullable dispatch_queue_t)queue;//此方法同上 在options字典中用于进行一些管理中心的初始化属性设置//字典中支持的键值如下http://www.cnblogs.com/roucheng//*NSString * const CBCentralManagerOptionShowPowerAlertKey 对应一个NSNumber类型的bool值,用于设置是否在关闭蓝牙时弹出用户提示
NSString * const CBCentralManagerOptionRestoreIdentifierKey 对应一个NSString对象,设置管理中心的标识符ID*/- (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(nullable id)delegatequeue:(nullable dispatch_queue_t)queue
options:(nullable NSDictionary *)options;
//根据获取所有已知设备- (NSArray *)retrievePeripheralsWithIdentifiers:(NSArray *)identifiers;//根据服务id获取所有连接的设备 hovertree.com- (NSArray *)retrieveConnectedPeripheralsWithServices:(NSArray *)serviceUUIDs;
在初始化管理中心完成后,会回调代理中的如下方法,我们必须实现如下方法:
//这个方法中可以获取到管理中心的状态- (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central;
如果上面方法中管理中心状态为蓝牙可用,可以通过下面方法开启扫描外设:
//serviceUUIDs用于扫描一个特点ID的外设 options用于设置一些扫描属性 键值如下/*//是否允许重复扫描 对应NSNumber的bool值,默认为NO,会自动去重
NSString *const CBCentralManagerScanOptionAllowDuplicatesKey;
//要扫描的设备UUID 数组 对应NSArray hovertree.com
NSString *const CBCentralManagerScanOptionSolicitedServiceUUIDsKey;*/- (void)scanForPeripheralsWithServices:(nullable NSArray *)serviceUUIDs options:(nullable NSDictionary *)options;
//停止扫描外设- (void)stopScan;
扫描的结果会在如下代理方法中回掉:
//peripheral 扫描到的外设//advertisementData是外设发送的广播数据//RSSI 是信号强度http://www.cnblogs.com/roucheng/- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI;
扫描到外设后,通过下面方法可以连接一个外设:
/*options中可以设置一些连接设备的初始属性键值如下
//对应NSNumber的bool值,设置当外设连接后是否弹出一个警告
NSString *const CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnConnectionKey;
//对应NSNumber的bool值,设置当外设断开连接后是否弹出一个警告
NSString *const CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnDisconnectionKey;
//对应NSNumber的bool值,设置当外设暂停连接后是否弹出一个警告http://www.cnblogs.com/roucheng/NSString *const CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnNotificationKey;*/- (void)connectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral options:(nullable NSDictionary *)options;//取消一个外设的连接- (void)cancelPeripheralConnection:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;
调用过连接外设的方法后,会回掉如下代理方法:
//连接外设成功- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//连接外设失败- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error;//断开外设连接- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error;
当管理中心恢复时会调用如下代理:
1//dict中会传入如下键值对 hovertree.com2/*3//恢复连接的外设数组4NSString *const CBCentralManagerRestoredStatePeripheralsKey;5//恢复连接的服务UUID数组6NSString *const CBCentralManagerRestoredStateScanServicesKey;7//恢复连接的外设扫描属性字典数组8NSString *const CBCentralManagerRestoredStateScanOptionsKey;9*/10- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central willRestoreState:(NSDictionary *)dict;
三、外设CBPeripheralManager
从上面我们知道,中心设备是用来扫描周围的外设,两台设备的通讯中,必须有一个充当中心设备,一个充当外设,外设是由CBPeripheralManager进行管理,主要方法如下:
1//设置外设管理中心代理2@property(assign, nonatomic, nullable) iddelegate;3//外设状态 枚举如中心设备4@property(readonly) CBPeripheralManagerState state;5//是否正在发送广播6@property(readonly) BOOL isAdvertising;7//用户的授权状态8+(CBPeripheralManagerAuthorizationStatus)authorizationStatus;9//初始化并设置代理 参数的具体含义与中心设备管理中心10- (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(nullable id)delegate11queue:(nullable dispatch_queue_t);12- (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(nullable id)delegate13queue:(nullable dispatch_queue_t)queue14options:(nullable NSDictionary *)options;15//开始发送广播 hovertree.com 何问起16//advertisementData中可以发送的数据有约定 如下17/*18对应设置NSString类型的广播名19NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataLocalNameKey;20外设制造商的NSData数据21NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataManufacturerDataKey;22外设制造商的CBUUID数据23NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataServiceDataKey;24服务的UUID与其对应的服务数据字典数组25NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataServiceUUIDsKey;26附加服务的UUID数组27NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataOverflowServiceUUIDsKey;28外设的发送功率 NSNumber类型29NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataTxPowerLevelKey;30外设是否可以连接31NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataIsConnectable;32服务的UUID数组33NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataSolicitedServiceUUIDsKey;34*/35- (void)startAdvertising:(nullable NSDictionary *)advertisementData;36//停止发送广播37- (void)stopAdvertising;38//设置一个连接的具体central设备的延时 枚举如下39/*40typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatency) {41CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatencyLow = 0,42CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatencyMedium,43CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatencyHigh44} NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0);45*/46- (void)setDesiredConnectionLatency:(CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatency)latency forCentral:(CBCentral *)central;47//添加一个服务http://www.cnblogs.com/roucheng/48- (void)addService:(CBMutableService *)service;49//移除一个服务50- (void)removeService:(CBMutableService *)service;51//移除所有服务52- (void)removeAllServices;53//响应中心设备的读写请求54- (void)respondToRequest:(CBATTRequest *)request withResult:(CBATTError)result;55//更新一个连接中心设备的订阅特征值56- (BOOL)updateValue:(NSData *)value forCharacteristic:(CBMutableCharacteristic *)characteristic onSubscribedCentrals:(nullable NSArray *)centrals;
外设代理的相关方法如下:
1//这个方法是必须实现的 状态可用后可以发送广播2- (void)peripheralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral;3//连接回复时调用的方法 和centralManager类似4- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral willRestoreState:(NSDictionary *)dict;5//开始发送广播时调用的方法6- (void)peripheralManagerDidStartAdvertising:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error;7//添加服务调用的回调8- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didAddService:(CBService *)service error:(nullable NSError *)error;9//当一个central设备订阅一个特征值时调用的方法10- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral central:(CBCentral *)central didSubscribeToCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic;11//取消订阅一个特征值时调用的方法12- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral central:(CBCentral *)central didUnsubscribeFromCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic;13//收到读请求时触发的方法 何问起 hovertree.com14- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didReceiveReadRequest:(CBATTRequest *)request;15//收到写请求时触发的方法16- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didReceiveWriteRequests:(NSArray *)requests;17//外设准备更新特征值时调用的方法18- (void)peripheralManagerIsReadyToUpdateSubscribers:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral;
四、中心设备与外设对象CBCentral与CBPeripheral
上面介绍了中心设备管理类与外设管理类,这些类用于将设备连接建立起来,器具的数据交换的服务和一些信息则是在对应的设备对象中。
1、中心设备 CBCentral属性与方法
//设备UUID@property(readonly, nonatomic) NSUUID *identifier;//中心设备最大接收的数据长度@property(readonly, nonatomic) NSUInteger maximumUpdateValueLength;
2、外设CAPeripheral属性与方法
外设对象要比中心对象复杂的多,当centralManager连接到外设后,需要通过外设对象的代理方法进行数据交互,其中主要方法属性如下:
1//设置代理2@property(assign, nonatomic, nullable) iddelegate;3//外设name4@property(retain,readonly, nullable) NSString *name;5//信号强度http://www.cnblogs.com/roucheng/6@property(retain,readonly, nullable) NSNumber *RSSI NS_DEPRECATED(NA, NA, 5_0, 8_0);7//外设状态8/*9typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CBPeripheralState) {10CBPeripheralStateDisconnected = 0,//未连接11CBPeripheralStateConnecting,//正在链接12CBPeripheralStateConnected,//已经连接13CBPeripheralStateDisconnecting NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 9_0),//正在断开连接14} NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 7_0);15*/16@property(readonly) CBPeripheralState state;17//所有的服务数组18@property(retain,readonly, nullable) NSArray *services;19//获取当前信号强度20- (void)readRSSI;21//根据服务UUID寻找服务对象22- (void)discoverServices:(nullable NSArray *)serviceUUIDs;23//在服务对象UUID数组中寻找特定服务24- (void)discoverIncludedServices:(nullable NSArray *)includedServiceUUIDs forService:(CBService *)service;25//在一个服务中寻找特征值26- (void)discoverCharacteristics:(nullable NSArray *)characteristicUUIDs forService:(CBService *)service;27//从一个特征中读取数据28- (void)readValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic;29//写数据的最大长度 hovertree.com 何问起30//type枚举如下31/*32typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CBCharacteristicWriteType) {33CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse = 0,//写数据并且接收成功与否回执34CBCharacteristicWriteWithoutResponse,//写数据不接收回执35};36*/37-(NSUInteger)maximumWriteValueLengthForType:(CBCharacteristicWriteType)type NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 9_0);38//向某个特征中写数据39- (void)writeValue:(NSData *)data forCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic type:(CBCharacteristicWriteType)type;40//为制定的特征值设置监听通知41- (void)setNotifyValue:(BOOL)enabled forCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic;42//寻找特征值的描述43- (void)discoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic;44//读取特征的描述值45- (void)readValueForDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor;46//写特征的描述值47- (void)writeValue:(NSData *)data forDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor;
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外设的代理方法如下:
1//外设名称更改时回调的方法2- (void)peripheralDidUpdateName:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0);3//外设服务变化时回调的方法4- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didModifyServices:(NSArray *)invalidatedServices NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 7_0);5//信号强度改变时调用的方法6- (void)peripheralDidUpdateRSSI:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error NS_DEPRECATED(NA, NA, 5_0, 8_0);7//读取信号强度回调的方法 柯乐义 keleyi.com8- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didReadRSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI error:(nullable NSError *)error NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 8_0);9//发现服务时调用的方法10- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(nullable NSError *)error;11//在服务中发现子服务回调的方法12- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverIncludedServicesForService:(CBService *)service error:(nullable NSError *)error;13//发现服务的特征值后回调的方法14- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(nullable NSError *)error;15//特征值更新时回调的方法16- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error;17//向特征值写数据时回调的方法18- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didWriteValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error;19//特征值的通知设置改变时触发的方法20- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateNotificationStateForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error;21//发现特征值的描述信息触发的方法22- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error;23//特征的描述值更新时触发的方法24- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor error:(nullable NSError *)error;25//写描述信息时触发的方法26- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didWriteValueForDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor error:(nullable NSError *)error;
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五、服务对象CBService
服务对象是用来管理外设提供的一些数据服务的,其中属性如下:
//对应的外设@property(assign,readonly, nonatomic) CBPeripheral *peripheral;//是否是初等服务@property(readonly, nonatomic) BOOL isPrimary;//包含的自服务http://www.cnblogs.com/roucheng/@property(retain,readonly, nullable) NSArray *includedServices;//服务中的特征值@property(retain,readonly, nullable) NSArray *characteristics;
六、服务的特征值CBCharacteristic
通过绑定服务中的特征值来进行数据的读写操作,其中属性如下:
//对应的服务对象@property(assign,readonly, nonatomic) CBService *service;//特征值的属性 枚举如下/*typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, CBCharacteristicProperties) {
CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast,//允许广播特征
CBCharacteristicPropertyRead,//可读属性
CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse,//可写并且接收回执
CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite,//可写属性
CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify,//可通知属性
CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate,//可展现的特征值
CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites,//允许签名的特征值写入
CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties,
CBCharacteristicPropertyNotifyEncryptionRequired,
CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicateEncryptionRequired
};*/@property(readonly, nonatomic) CBCharacteristicProperties properties;//特征值的数据http://www.cnblogs.com/roucheng/@property(retain,readonly, nullable) NSData *value;//特征值的描述@property(retain,readonly, nullable) NSArray *descriptors;//是否是当前广播的特征@property(readonly) BOOL isBroadcasted;//是否是正在通知的特征@property(readonly) BOOL isNotifying;
七、读写请求对象CBATTRequest
服务对象是外设向中心设备提供的相关数据服务,获取到相应服务后,中心设备可以进行读写请求,读写对象属性如下:
//对应的中心设备@property(readonly, nonatomic) CBCentral *central;//对应的特征值@property(readonly, nonatomic) CBCharacteristic *characteristic;//读写数据值@property(readwrite, copy, nullable) NSData *value;
http://www.cnblogs.com/roucheng/p/texiao.html
本文小结:
iOS开发之蓝牙通讯
一、引言
二、中心设备CBCentralManager
三、外设CBPeripheralManager
四、中心设备与外设对象CBCentral与CBPeripheral
1、中心设备 CBCentral属性与方法
2、外设CAPeripheral属性与方法
五、服务对象CBService
六、服务的特征值CBCharacteristic
七、读写请求对象CBATTRequest