2018-11-17 面试必问问题Transactional

Java事务之一——Java事务的基本问题

是一个系列文章,里面很多链接访问到相关的知识,适合仔细阅读入门

关于加@Transactional注解的方法之间调用,事务是否生效的问题
https://blog.csdn.net/blacktal/article/details/79345902

之前面试被问过这个问题,回答基本靠猜,在此记录一下事务方法调用的问题。

  1. 不同类之间的方法调用,如类A的方法a()调用类B的方法b(),这种情况事务是正常起作用的。只要方法a()或b()配置了事务,运行中就会开启事务,产生代理。

若两个方法都配置了事务,两个事务具体以何种方式传播,取决于设置的事务传播特性。

  1. 同一个类内方法调用:重点来了,同一个类内的方法调用就没那么简单了,假定类A的方法a()调用方法b()

同一类内方法调用,无论被调用的b()方法是否配置了事务,此事务在被调用时都将不生效。
看一个例子:

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
 
    @Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;
    
    public int insertUser(User user) {
        userDao.insertUser(user);
        // 调用同类方法
        this.selectUser(user.getId());
        return 1;
        
    }
    @Transactional
    public String selectUser(int id) {
        throw new RuntimeException();
        //return userDao.selectUser(id);
    }
 
    public int updateUser(User user) {
        return userDao.updateUser(0, user);
    }
 
}

service层中,insertUser()方法没有配置事务,selectUser()配置了事务,在insertUser()中调用selectUser()时,查看日志如下:

[DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:00:32] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlStatementLogger.logStatement(SqlStatementLogger.java:104) drop table if exists user 
    Hibernate: drop table if exists user
[DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:00:32] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlStatementLogger.logStatement(SqlStatementLogger.java:104) create table user (id integer not null auto_increment, createdDate datetime, email varchar(255), name varchar(20) not null, password varchar(255), phone varchar(255), updatedDate datetime, primary key (id)) 
    Hibernate: create table user (id integer not null auto_increment, createdDate datetime, email varchar(255), name varchar(20) not null, password varchar(255), phone varchar(255), updatedDate datetime, primary key (id))
[INFO][2018-02-22 11:00:32] org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport.execute(SchemaExport.java:406) HHH000230: Schema export complete 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:00:32] org.hibernate.internal.SessionFactoryImpl.checkNamedQueries(SessionFactoryImpl.java:1073) Checking 0 named HQL queries 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:00:32] org.hibernate.internal.SessionFactoryImpl.checkNamedQueries(SessionFactoryImpl.java:1096) Checking 0 named SQL queries 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:00:32] org.hibernate.stat.internal.StatisticsInitiator.initiateServiceInternal(StatisticsInitiator.java:110) Statistics initialized [enabled=false] 
    [INFO][2018-02-22 11:00:33] org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager.afterPropertiesSet(HibernateTransactionManager.java:360) Using DataSource [com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource[ identityToken -> 1hge15x9t1g0fr98s704x1|72d1ad2e, dataSourceName -> 1hge15x9t1g0fr98s704x1|72d1ad2e ]] of Hibernate SessionFactory for HibernateTransactionManager 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:00:33] org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.addResolvedEntityInsertAction(ActionQueue.java:228) Executing identity-insert immediately 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:00:33] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlStatementLogger.logStatement(SqlStatementLogger.java:104) insert into user (createdDate, email, name, password, phone, updatedDate) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?) 
    Hibernate: insert into user (createdDate, email, name, password, phone, updatedDate) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
[DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:00:33] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.LogicalConnectionImpl.obtainConnection(LogicalConnectionImpl.java:212) Obtaining JDBC connection 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:00:33] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.LogicalConnectionImpl.obtainConnection(LogicalConnectionImpl.java:218) Obtained JDBC connection 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:00:33] org.hibernate.id.IdentifierGeneratorHelper.getGeneratedIdentity(IdentifierGeneratorHelper.java:93) Natively generated identity: 1 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:00:33] org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.QueryTranslatorImpl.parse(QueryTranslatorImpl.java:267) parse() - HQL: select name from com.wcl.pojo.User u where u.id = ? 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:00:33] org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.QueryTranslatorImpl.showHqlAst(QueryTranslatorImpl.java:285) --- HQL 
AST ---

可见没有开启事务,因此selectUser()的事务配置没有生效,抛异常后也不会回滚。

另一个例子:方法a()配置了事务,此时b()的事务虽然不生效,但a()的事务生效,对于b()中抛出的异常也会回滚。

[DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:08:50] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlStatementLogger.logStatement(SqlStatementLogger.java:104) drop table if exists user 
    Hibernate: drop table if exists user
[DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:08:50] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlStatementLogger.logStatement(SqlStatementLogger.java:104) create table user (id integer not null auto_increment, createdDate datetime, email varchar(255), name varchar(20) not null, password varchar(255), phone varchar(255), updatedDate datetime, primary key (id)) 
    Hibernate: create table user (id integer not null auto_increment, createdDate datetime, email varchar(255), name varchar(20) not null, password varchar(255), phone varchar(255), updatedDate datetime, primary key (id))
[INFO][2018-02-22 11:08:50] org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport.execute(SchemaExport.java:406) HHH000230: Schema export complete 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:08:50] org.hibernate.internal.SessionFactoryImpl.checkNamedQueries(SessionFactoryImpl.java:1073) Checking 0 named HQL queries 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:08:50] org.hibernate.internal.SessionFactoryImpl.checkNamedQueries(SessionFactoryImpl.java:1096) Checking 0 named SQL queries 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:08:50] org.hibernate.stat.internal.StatisticsInitiator.initiateServiceInternal(StatisticsInitiator.java:110) Statistics initialized [enabled=false] 
    [INFO][2018-02-22 11:08:50] org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager.afterPropertiesSet(HibernateTransactionManager.java:360) Using DataSource [com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource[ identityToken -> 1hge15x9t1g0qf4c3bcmx8|399f45b1, dataSourceName -> 1hge15x9t1g0qf4c3bcmx8|399f45b1 ]] of Hibernate SessionFactory for HibernateTransactionManager 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:08:50] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.LogicalConnectionImpl.obtainConnection(LogicalConnectionImpl.java:212) Obtaining JDBC connection 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:08:50] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.LogicalConnectionImpl.obtainConnection(LogicalConnectionImpl.java:218) Obtained JDBC connection 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:08:50] org.hibernate.engine.transaction.spi.AbstractTransactionImpl.begin(AbstractTransactionImpl.java:158) begin 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:08:50] org.hibernate.engine.transaction.internal.jdbc.JdbcTransaction.doBegin(JdbcTransaction.java:69) initial autocommit status: true 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:08:50] org.hibernate.engine.transaction.internal.jdbc.JdbcTransaction.doBegin(JdbcTransaction.java:71) disabling autocommit 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:08:50] org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.addResolvedEntityInsertAction(ActionQueue.java:228) Executing identity-insert immediately 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:08:50] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlStatementLogger.logStatement(SqlStatementLogger.java:104) insert into user (createdDate, email, name, password, phone, updatedDate) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?) 
    Hibernate: insert into user (createdDate, email, name, password, phone, updatedDate) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
[DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:08:50] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.LogicalConnectionImpl.obtainConnection(LogicalConnectionImpl.java:212) Obtaining JDBC connection 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:08:50] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.LogicalConnectionImpl.obtainConnection(LogicalConnectionImpl.java:218) Obtained JDBC connection 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:08:50] org.hibernate.id.IdentifierGeneratorHelper.getGeneratedIdentity(IdentifierGeneratorHelper.java:93) Natively generated identity: 1 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:08:50] org.hibernate.engine.transaction.spi.AbstractTransactionImpl.rollback(AbstractTransactionImpl.java:203) rolling back 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:08:50] org.hibernate.engine.transaction.internal.jdbc.JdbcTransaction.doRollback(JdbcTransaction.java:164) rolled JDBC Connection 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:08:50] org.hibernate.engine.transaction.internal.jdbc.JdbcTransaction.releaseManagedConnection(JdbcTransaction.java:126) re-enabling autocommit 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:08:50] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.LogicalConnectionImpl.releaseConnection(LogicalConnectionImpl.java:232) Releasing JDBC connection 
    [DEBUG][2018-02-22 11:08:50] org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.LogicalConnectionImpl.releaseConnection(LogicalConnectionImpl.java:250) Released JDBC connection 
    Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException
    at com.wcl.service.UserServiceImpl.selectUser(UserServiceImpl.java:26)
    at com.wcl.service.UserServiceImpl.insertUser(UserServiceImpl.java:20)
  1. 不生效的原因?

有几篇文章探究了事务这个特性的原因,spring声明式事务 同一类内方法调用事务失效

个人理解,当从类外调用方法a()时,从spring容器获取到的serviceImpl对象实际是包装好的proxy对象,因此调用a()方法的对象是动态代理对象。而在类内部a()调用b()的过程中,实质执行的代码是this.b(),此处this对象是实际的serviceImpl对象而不是本该生成的代理对象,因此直接调用了b()方法。

aop原理跟事务一样,往大里说是动态代理,往小里说是反射机制。我又测试了两个方法,分别加上aop增强通知,类内调用的效果跟事务是一样的。这里最好研究一下spring aop和事务的源码,应该能搞得更清楚。


作者:blacktal
来源:CSDN
原文:https://blog.csdn.net/blacktal/article/details/79345902
版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,转载请附上博文链接!

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