使用二进制包安装mysql

目的

本文主要讲述如何使用二进制安装mysql,并启动mysql

1、mysql安装包的下载

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

2、安装mysql前的准备

• 上传mysql安装包至/usr/local目录
• 解压mysql安装包;

  [root@localhost local]# tar xvf mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

• 将解压后的文件夹连接至mysql文件夹

  [root@localhost local]# ln -s mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

• 检查并安装依赖包(perl)

  
  [root@localhost scripts]# yum -y install perl perl-devel perl-Data-Dumper

> 如若未安装perl组件将会报以下错误

[root@localhost scripts]# ./mysql_install_db
FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing ./mysql_install_db:
Data::Dumper

- 检查并安装依赖包(libaio)

[root@localhost mysql]# yum list|grep libaio
libaio.i686 0.3.109-13.el7 base
libaio.x86_64 0.3.109-13.el7 base
libaio-devel.i686 0.3.109-13.el7 base
libaio-devel.x86_64 0.3.109-13.el7 base
[root@localhost mysql]# yum -y install libaio libaio-devel

> 若如为安装libaio组件将会报以下错误

[root@localhost mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
WARNING: The host 'Alinx' could not be looked up with ./bin/resolveip.
This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible
with this binary MySQL version. The MySQL daemon, mysqld, should work
normally with the exception that host name resolving will not work.
This means that you should use IP addresses instead of hostnames
when specifying MySQL privileges !

Installing MySQL system tables..../bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[root@localhost mysql]#

###  3、创建mysql用户，用户组并将目录授权给mysql用户

[root@localhost scripts]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost scripts]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
[root@localhost ~]# chown mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql -R
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/local/
total 321180
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 12 2015 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 12 2015 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 12 2015 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 12 2015 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 12 2015 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 12 2015 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 12 2015 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 35 Jan 16 22:46 mysql -> mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x 13 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 16 22:38 mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 328882304 Jan 21 2018 mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 12 2015 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 46 Jan 17 2017 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 12 2015 src

> 此时可以看到mysql目录的归属为mysql:mysql
- 删除系统中的mysql配置文件

rm -f /etc/my.cnf
rm -fr /etc/my.cnf.d/

### 4、初始化并启动mysql
- 初始化

[root@localhost mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --skip-name-resolve

> 该步骤为创建了一个root用户（空密码），并初始化了mysql的一些权限账户表

- 拷贝配置文件以及启动脚本

[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

- 编辑/etc/my.cnf文件，并写入如下内容

basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data/

### 5、启动mysql

- 启动mysql

/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysqld start

- 为mysql数据库设置密码(跟进提示进行密码设置，部署完时密码为空)

[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysql_secure_installation

- 登录数据库

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -pAlinx

> 当前启动时候报错(发现是/etc/my.cnf未配置目录导致)

[root@localhost support-files]# /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.err'.
ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.pid).
[root@localhost support-files]#