Java 实现简单的 RPC 框架

RPC 简介

RPC,全称为 Remote Procedure Call,即远程过程调用,它是一个计算机通信协议。它允许像调用本地服务一样调用远程服务。它可以有不同的实现方式,而不需要了解底层网络技术的协议。 RPC 协议假定某些传输协议的存在,如 TCP 或 UDP,为通信程序之间携带信息数据。如 RMI(远程方法调用)、Hessian、Http invoker 等。

怎样实现一个 RPC 框架

RPC 能够让本地应用简单、高效地调用服务器中的过程。它主要应用在分布式系统。如 Hadoop 中的 IPC 组件。但怎样实现一个 RPC 框架呢?
可以从下面几个方面思考:

  • 通信模型:假设通信的为 A 机器与 B 机器,A 与 B 之间有通信模型,在 Java 中一般基于 BIO 或 NIO。
  • 过程(服务)定位:使用给定的通信方式,与确定 IP 与端口及方法名称确定具体的过程或方法;
  • 远程代理对象:本地调用的方法(服务)其实是远程方法的本地代理,因此可能需要一个远程代理对象,对于 Java 而言,远程代理对象可以使用 Java 的动态对象实现,封装了调用远程方法调用;
  • 序列化,将对象名称、方法名称、参数等对象信息进行网络传输需要转换成二进制传输,这里可能需要不同的序列化技术方案。如:protobuf,Arvo 等。

RPC 框架架构

RPC 架构分为三部分:

  • 服务提供者,运行在服务器端,提供服务接口定义与服务实现类。
  • 服务中心,运行在服务器端,负责将本地服务发布成远程服务,管理远程服务,提供给服务消费者使用。
  • 服务消费者,运行在客户端,通过远程代理对象调用远程服务。

RPC 框架的简单实现

这里我只介绍服务提供者和客户端的实现方式。

服务提供者

服务提供者 IHello 接口定义:

public interface IHello {
    String sayHello(String string);
}

服务提供者 IHello 接口实现:

public class HelloImpl implements IHello {
    @Override
    public String sayHello(String string) {
        return "Hello:" + string;
    }
}

服务端 RpcProxyServer 类:

public class RpcProxyServer {

    ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

    public void publisher(Object service, int port) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        try {
            // 启动 socket 服务
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
            while (true) {
                Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
                executorService.execute(new ProcessorHandler(service, socket));
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}  

服务端 RpcRequest 类:

public class RpcRequest implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 383378368319625542L;
    private String className;
    private String methodName;
    private Object[] params;

    public String getClassName() {
        return className;
    }

    public void setClassName(String className) {
        this.className = className;
    }

    public String getMethodName() {
        return methodName;
    }

    public void setMethodName(String methodName) {
        this.methodName = methodName;
    }

    public Object[] getParams() {
        return params;
    }

    public void setParams(Object[] params) {
        this.params = params;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "RpcRequest{" +
                "className='" + className + '\'' +
                ", methodName='" + methodName + '\'' +
                ", params=" + Arrays.toString(params) +
                '}';
    }
}

服务端 ProcessorHandler 类:

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.net.Socket;

public class ProcessorHandler implements Runnable {
    Socket socket;
    Object service;

    public ProcessorHandler(Object service, Socket socket) {
        this.socket = socket;
        this.service = service;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("begin processor handler!");
        ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = null;
        try {
            objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
            RpcRequest rpcRequest = (RpcRequest) objectInputStream.readObject();
            Object restlt = invoke(rpcRequest);

            ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
            objectOutputStream.writeObject(restlt);
            objectOutputStream.flush();

            objectInputStream.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (objectInputStream != null) {
                try {
                    objectInputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private Object invoke(RpcRequest request) throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
        Object[] args = request.getParams();
        Class[] types = new Class[args.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
            types[i] = args[i].getClass();
        }
        Method method = service.getClass().getMethod(request.getMethodName(), types);
        return method.invoke(service, args);
    }
}

服务端主类 RpcServerMain:

public class RpcServerMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        IHello hello = new HelloImpl();
        RpcProxyServer rpcProxyServer = new RpcProxyServer();
        rpcProxyServer.publisher(hello, 8080);
        System.out.println(hello.sayHello("charles"));
    }
}

客户端

客户端 IHello 类:

public interface IHello {
    String sayHello(String string);
}

客户端 RpcClientProxy 类:

public class RpcClientProxy {
    public  T clientProxy(Class interfaceCls, String host, int port) {
        return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(interfaceCls.getClassLoader(), new Class[]{interfaceCls}, new RemoteInvocationHandler(host, port));
    }
}

客户端 RpcRequest 类:

public class RpcRequest implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 383378368319625542L;
    private String className;
    private String methodName;
    private Object[] params;

    public String getClassName() {
        return className;
    }

    public void setClassName(String className) {
        this.className = className;
    }

    public String getMethodName() {
        return methodName;
    }

    public void setMethodName(String methodName) {
        this.methodName = methodName;
    }

    public Object[] getParams() {
        return params;
    }

    public void setParams(Object[] params) {
        this.params = params;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "RpcRequest{" +
                "className='" + className + '\'' +
                ", methodName='" + methodName + '\'' +
                ", params=" + Arrays.toString(params) +
                '}';
    }
}

客户端 RpcNetTransport 类:

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutput;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;

public class RpcNetTransport {

    String host;
    int port;

    public RpcNetTransport(String host, int port) {
        this.host = host;
        this.port = port;
    }

    private Socket createSocket() {
        System.out.println("Begin create socket connect!");
        Socket socket = null;

        try {
            socket = new Socket(host, port);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("build connect failed.");
        }
        return socket;
    }

    public Object send(RpcRequest rpcRequest) {
        Socket socket = null;


        try {
            socket = createSocket();
            ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
            objectOutputStream.writeObject(rpcRequest);
            objectOutputStream.flush();

            // 返回结果接收

            ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
            Object resultObject = objectInputStream.readObject();// 反序列化 对象
            objectInputStream.close();
            objectOutputStream.close();

            return resultObject;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("send request exception:" + e);
        } finally {
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

客户端 RemoteInvocationHandler 类:

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class RemoteInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {
    String host;
    int port;

    public RemoteInvocationHandler(String host, int port) {
        this.host = host;
        this.port = port;
    }

    @Override
    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
        RpcRequest rpcRequest = new RpcRequest();
        rpcRequest.setClassName(method.getDeclaringClass().getName());
        rpcRequest.setMethodName(method.getName());
        rpcRequest.setParams(args);

        RpcNetTransport rpcNetTransport = new RpcNetTransport(host, port);
        return rpcNetTransport.send(rpcRequest);
    }
}

客户端主类 RpcClientMain:

public class RpcClientMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        RpcClientProxy rpcClientProxy = new RpcClientProxy();
        IHello hello = rpcClientProxy.clientProxy(IHello.class, "localhost", 8080);
        System.out.println(hello.sayHello("charles"));
    }
}

项目启动后客户端向服务端发送了一条消息,分别运行两个项目后输出结果如下

服务端:

begin processor handler!

客户端:

Begin create socket connect!
Hello:charles

总结

RPC 本质为消息处理模型,RPC 屏蔽了底层不同主机间的通信细节,让进程调用远程的服务就像是本地的服务一样。

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