条件
when
可用于task,role和include,在满足条件时task才会被执行。至于when指令后跟的逻辑表达式也是标准的逻辑表达式,示例如下:
tasks: - shell: echo "only on Red Hat 6, derivatives, and later" when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" and ansible_lsb.major_release|int >= 6 - shell: echo "This certainly is epic!" when: epic is defined
循环
标准遍历
用with_items可以遍历一个列表,注意这里只会遍历一层。示例如下:
- name: add several users user: name={{ item }} state=present groups=wheel with_items: - testuser1 - testuser2
嵌套遍历
用with_nested可以遍历一个列表,注意这里会遍历多层,直到最内层。示例如下:
- name: give users access to multiple databases mysql_user: name={{ item[0] }} priv={{ item[1] }}.*:ALL append_privs=yes password=foo with_nested: - [ 'alice', 'bob', 'eve' ] - [ 'clientdb', 'employeedb', 'providerdb' ]
遍历字典
用with_dict可以遍历一个字典,用key和value来表示。示例如下:
变量文件
--- users: alice: name: Alice Appleworth telephone: 123-456-7890 bob: name: Bob Bananarama telephone: 987-654-3210
playbook文件
tasks: - name: Print phone records debug: msg="User {{ item.key }} is {{ item.value.name }} ({{ item.value.telephone }})" with_dict: users
文件通配符循环
用with_fileglob可以获取本地文件列表。示例如下:
# copy each file over that matches the given pattern - copy: src={{ item }} dest=/etc/fooapp/ owner=root mode=600 with_fileglob: - /playbooks/files/fooapp/*
对齐的列表
用with_together可以达到类似python里的zip函数的功能。示例如下:
变量文件:
--- alpha: [ 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd' ] numbers: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
playbook文件
tasks: - debug: msg="{{ item.0 }} and {{ item.1 }}" with_together: - alpha - numbers
子元素循环
with_subelements这个比较费解。
数字序列循环
可以通过with_sequence来生成一个数字序列,其参数包括:
start起始数字
end结束数字
stride步长
count个数
format输出的字符串
示例如下:
---- hosts: all tasks: # create groups - group: name=evens state=present - group: name=odds state=present # create some test users - user: name={{ item }} state=present groups=evens with_sequence: start=0 end=32 format=testuser%02x # create a series of directories with even numbers for some reason - file: dest=/var/stuff/{{ item }} state=directory with_sequence: start=4 end=16 stride=2 # a simpler way to use the sequence plugin # create 4 groups - group: name=group{{ item }} state=present with_sequence: count=4
随机循环
通过with_random_choice从一个序列里随机取一个元素。示例如下:
- debug: msg={{ item }} with_random_choice: - "go through the door" - "drink from the goblet" - "press the red button" - "do nothing"
until循环
这种循环由三个指令完成:
* until是一个条件表达式,如果满足条件循环结束
* retry是重试的次数
* delay是延迟时间
示例如下:
- action: shell /usr/bin/foo register: result until: result.stdout.find("all systems go") != -1 retries: 5 delay: 10
循环直到找到文件
与with_items类似,只是with_first_found找到列表里的第一个文件就会终止循环。示例如下:
- name: INTERFACES | Create Ansible header for /etc/network/interfaces template: src={{ item }} dest=/etc/foo.conf with_first_found: - "{{ansible_virtualization_type}}_foo.conf" - "default_foo.conf"
循环一个task的输出
with_lines指令后跟一个命令,ansible会遍历命令的输出。示例如下:
- name: Example of looping over a command result shell: /usr/bin/frobnicate {{ item }} with_lines: /usr/bin/frobnications_per_host --param {{ inventory_hostname }}
带索引地循环列表
与with_items类似,with_indexed_items会把列表索引和对应元素放到一个列表里。示例如下:
- name: indexed loop demo debug: msg="at array position {{ item.0 }} there is a value {{ item.1 }}" with_indexed_items: some_list
扁平化循环列表
with_flattened会先拍扁一个列表,然后执行with_items。示例如下:
- name: flattened loop demo yum: name={{ item }} state=installed with_flattened: - ['nc','git', ['nmap', 'vim']]
配合register循环列表
register注册一个变量后,可以配合with_items来遍历变量结果。示例如下:
- shell: echo "{{ item }}" with_items: - one - two register: echo - name: Fail if return code is not 0 fail: msg: "The command ({{ item.cmd }}) did not have a 0 return code" when: item.rc != 0 with_items: echo.results