django rest framework1

内容回顾:

1.开发模式
    - 普通开发方式(前后端放在一起写)
    - 前后端分离
2.后端开发
    为前端提供URL(API/接口的开发)
    注:永远返回HttpResponse
3.Django FBV、CBV
    FBV,function base view
        def users(request):
            user_list =['alex','oldboy']
            return HttpResponse(json.dumps((user_list)))
    CBV, class base view
        路由:
        url(r'^students/', views.StudentsView.as_view()),
        视图:
        from django.views import View
        class StudentsView(View):
            def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
                return HttpResponse('GET')
            def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
                return HttpResponse('POST')
            def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
                return HttpResponse('PUT')
            def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
                return HttpResponse('DELETE')
4.列表生成式
    class Foo:
        pass
    class Bar:
        pass
    v = [item() for item in [Foo,Bar]]
    v对象列表
5.面向对象
    -封装
        -对同一类方法封装在类中
            class File:
                文件增删改查方法
            class DB:
                数据库的方法
        - 将数据封装在对象中
            class FIle:
                def __init__(self,a1,a2):
                    self.a1 = a1
                    self.xxx = a2
                def get:...
            obj1 = File(123,456)
            

今日概要:

1.restful规范(建议)

2.django rest framework框架

内容详细:

0.FBV、CBV
    CBV,基于反射实现根据请求方式不同,执行不同的方法。
    原理:
        a.路由
            url->view方法->dispatch方法(反射执行其他:GET/POST/DELETE/PUT)
    面试题:
        1.django中间件
            -process_request
            -process_view
            -process_response
            -process_exception
            -process_render_template
        2.使用中间件做过什么?
            -权限、
            -用户登录验证
            -django的csrf是如何实现?
                process_view方法
                    -检查视图是否被@csrf_exempt(免除csrf认证)
                    -去请求或cookie中获取token
        3.
        MIDDLEWARE = [
            'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
            'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
            'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
            'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',#全栈使用csrf认证
            'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
            'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
            'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
        ]
        from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
        @csrf_exempt #该函数无需认证
        def users(request):
            user_list =['alex','oldboy']
            return HttpResponse(json.dumps((user_list)))
    CBV小知识:
        -method_decorator(csrf_exempt)
        -在dispatch方法中(单独方法无效)
        from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
        from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
        @csrf_exempt
        def users(request):
            user_list =['alex','oldboy']
            return HttpResponse(json.dumps((user_list)))
        
        from django.views import View
        class StudentsView(View):
            @method_decorator(csrf_exempt)
            def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
                return super(StudentsView,self).dispatch(request,*args,**kwargs)
            def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
                return HttpResponse('GET')
        
            def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
                return HttpResponse('POST')
            def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
                return HttpResponse('PUT')
            def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
                return HttpResponse('DELETE')
    总结:
        - 本质:基于反射来实现
        - 流程:路由,view,dispatch(反射)
        - 取消csrf认证(装饰器要加到dispatch方法上且method_decorator装饰)
        
        扩展:
            -csrf
                -基于中间件的process_viewfang
1.restful规范(建议)
    a.接口开发
        urlpatterns = [
            # url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
            url(r'^get_order/',views.get_order),
            url(r'^add_order/',views.add_order),
            url(r'^del_order/',views.del_order),
            url(r'^update_order/',views.update_order)
        ]
        def get_order(request):
            return HttpResponse('')
        def add_order(request):
            return HttpResponse('')
        def del_order(request):
            return HttpResponse('')
        def update_order(request):
            return HttpResponse('')
    b.restful规范(建议)
        1.根据method不同做不同的操作,示例
            基于FBV:
            url(r'^order/',views.order)
            
            def order(request):
                if request.method == 'GET':
                    return HttpResponse('获取订单')
                elif request.method == 'POST':
                    return HttpResponse('创建订单')
                elif request.method == 'PUT':
                    return HttpResponse('更新订单')
                elif request.method == 'DELETE':
                    return HttpResponse('删除订单')
            基于CBV:
            urlpatterns = [
                url(r'^order/',views.OrderView.as_view())
            ]
            class OrderView(View):
                def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
                    return HttpResponse('获取订单')
                def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
                    return HttpResponse('创建订单')
                def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
                    return HttpResponse('更新订单')
                def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
                    return HttpResponse('删除订单')
    c.谈谈自己对restful api规范的认识
        1.本质上就是一个规范
        2.在URL体现出对API的一些操作
2.django rest framework框架
    pip3 install djangorestframework
    a.认证
        -仅使用
        -源码流程
            dispatch ...

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