Handler消息机制源码分析

本文用AndroidStudio追寻源码的方式来分析Handler消息机制
1、应用程序的入口是ActivityThread类中的main方法,当打开应用程序时,会首先调用ActivityThread类中的main()方法;而main()方法中主要调用了Looper.prepareMainLooper()和Looper.loop()两个方法

public static final void main(String[] args) { 
  //初始化looper Looper.prepareMainLooper(); 
  //将轮询器轮询起来
   Looper.loop();
}

2、先看Looper类中的prepareMainLooper()方法,调用了prepare(false)方法

public static void prepareMainLooper() {
  prepare(false); 
  synchronized (Looper.class) { 
  //保证主线程Looper唯一
    if (sMainLooper != null) { 
      throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared."); 
    } 
  sMainLooper = myLooper();
  }
}

Looper中的prepare()方法,创建了Looper对象

private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) { 
  if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) { 
    throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
  } 
   //创建Looper对象 
   sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}

Looper的构造方法,创建MessageQueue消息队列

private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) { 
  //创建MessageQueue消息队列
  mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
  mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}

3、然后继续调用ActivityThread类中的Looper.loop()方法

public static void loop() { 
  //获取Looper对象和MessageQueue消息队列 
  final Looper me = myLooper(); if (me == null) { 
    throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread."); 
  }
  final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
  //开始无限轮询 ,注意这里是死循环在Android2.3的源码时用的while(true)循环
  for (;;) {
    //只要消息队列中有消息,不断的从消息队列中取消息 
    Message Message = queue.next(); 
    might block if (Message == null) { 
      return; 
    } 
    //处理消息 
    Message.target.dispatchMessage(Message); 
    //回收消息 
    Message.recycleUnchecked();
   }
}

4、发送消息时创建Handler对象的过程,Handler重载的构造很多,但最终调用的是两个,或者三个参数的构造,最终目的就是将Looper对象和MessageQueue对象的引用保存到Handler的成员变量中

public Handler() {this(null, false);}
public Handler(Callback callback) {this(callback, false);}
public Handler(Looper looper) { this(looper, null, false);}
public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback){this(looper,callback,false);}
public Handler(boolean async) {this(null, async);}

public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) { 
  //获取当前线程的Looper对象,并保存到Handler的成员变量中 
  mLooper = Looper.myLooper(); 
  if (mLooper == null) { 
    throw new RuntimeException("Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
   } 
  //将Looper中的MessageQueue保存到Handler的成员变量中
  mQueue = mLooper.mQueue; 
  mCallback = callback; 
  mAsynchronous = async;
}

public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback, boolean async) { 
  //获取当前线程的Looper对象,并保存到Handler的成员变量中
  mLooper = looper; 
  //将Looper中的MessageQueue保存到Handler的成员变量中
  mQueue = looper.mQueue;
  mCallback = callback;
  mAsynchronous = async;
}

5、然后我们要先明白,消息是从Message的回收队列中取出来的,那我们去看一下Message回收队列的实现原理,回收消息是调用了Message类的recycle()方法

public void recycle() {
  recycleUnchecked();
}

/*package*/ Message next;
private static Message sPool;
private static int sPoolSize = 0;
private static final int MAX_POOL_SIZE = 50;

void recycleUnchecked() {
  synchronized (sPoolSync) {
    //判断回收队列是否比队列的最大值大    
    if (sPoolSize < MAX_POOL_SIZE) {   
        //此处代码是消息回收队列的核心代码,我用图来分析原理
        next = sPool;       
        sPool = this;        
        sPoolSize++;        
      }
  }
}

6、接下来,我们看一下如何从消息回收队列取出一条消息,一般我们用Message.obtain()方法来获取一条空消息

public static Message obtain() {
  synchronized (sPoolSync) {
    //判断消息池中是否有消息
    if (sPool != null) { 
      Message m = sPool;
      sPool = m.next; 
      m.next = null; 
      m.flags = 0; 
      // clear in-use flag 
      sPoolSize--;
      return m; 
    }
  }
  return new Message();
}

7、现在空消息已经获取到,继续看Handler发送消息的过程,我们发送消息有三种形式:最常见的是调用handler.sendMessage()发送一条消息,最终会调用handler.sendMessageAtTime(Message Message, long uptimeMillis)方法

public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg){    return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);}

public final boolean sendEmptyMessage(int what){    return sendEmptyMessageDelayed(what, 0);}

public final boolean sendEmptyMessageDelayed(int what, long delayMillis) {    Message msg = Message.obtain();    msg.what = what;    return sendMessageDelayed(msg, delayMillis);}

public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis){    if (delayMillis < 0) {        delayMillis = 0;    }    return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);}

public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
  //获取Handler中的消息队列    
  MessageQueue queue = mQueue;    
  if (queue == null) {        
    RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");        
    Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);        
    return false;    
  }    
  //将要发送的消息和时间加入消息队列
  return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
}

继续看enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis)方法

private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
  //将当前handler对象的引用赋值给Message中的target变量    
  msg.target = this;    
  if (mAsynchronous) {        
    msg.setAsynchronous(true);    
  }    
   //调用c库中的方法将消息添加到消息队列
  return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}

8、第二种常见的发送消息的方法是handler.post(Runnable r),最终也是调用的sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis)方法,添加一条消息到消息队列

public final boolean post(Runnable r){   
  return  sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), 0);
}

public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis){    
  if (delayMillis < 0) {        
    delayMillis = 0;    
  }    
  return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
}

接下来看Runnable 对象在哪被调用,当你用post的方式发送一条消息时,会调用getPostMessage()方法来获取该消息,并将该消息的runnable的应用赋值给Message的callback变量

/*package*/ Runnable callback;//Message类中的callback成员变量

private static Message getPostMessage(Runnable r) {    
  Message m = Message.obtain();
  //将runnable接口的引用赋值给Message的callback变量    
  m.callback = r;    
  return m;
}

9、第三种发送消息的方法是在创建Handler对象的时候传一个Callback引用进去,Handler部分的代码看第4条的代码,Callback原来是个接口,而且有一个抽象方法需要重写,这和空参的new Handler(),原理是一样的

public interface Callback {    
  public boolean handleMessage(Message msg);
}

10、消息添加到消息队列中后,由Looper.loope();一直在执行,会不断从消息队列中取出消息,并调用Message.target.dispatchMessage()方法处理消息

public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) { 
  //判断Message中的callback变量是否为空   
  if (msg.callback != null) {        
    handleCallback(msg);    
  } else {
    //判断Handler中的mCallback变量是否为空        
    if (mCallback != null) {            
      if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {                
        return;            
      }        
    }
    //处理sendMessage();方法发送的消息        
    handleMessage(msg);    
  }
}

首先,Handler处理消息的时候会优先判断Message中的callback是否为null,不为空的话调用handleCallback(Message),执行我们重写的run()方法

private static void handleCallback(Message message) { message.callback.run();}

其次,Handler会判断自己的成员变量mCallback是否为null,不为空的话执行mCallback.handleMessage(Message),也就是创建Handler对象时传进去的接口的抽象方法

public interface Callback { 
  public boolean handleMessage(Message msg);
}

最后调用我们创建空参Handler对象时所重写的handleMessage(Message msg)方法

//该方法为空实现,是我们在创建Handler对象的时候重写的handleMessage()方法,根据msg.what进行消息处理
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {}

补充:
1、Message回收队列的实现原理
Message回收队列,以链表的形式不断的将回收到的Message添加到链表的头部,此时消息的回收已经完成了


Handler消息机制源码分析_第1张图片
Message回收队列实现原理.png

2、从Message回收队列中获取一条空消息进行复用
我还是以画图的形式来分析取消息的过程


Handler消息机制源码分析_第2张图片
Message取出消息的实现原理.png

3、发送一条消息到MessageQueue的过程分析,看MessageQueue中的enqueueMessage()方法中的代码

if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
    // New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.    
  msg.next = p;    
  mMessages = msg;    
  needWake = mBlocked;
} else {    
  needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();    
  Message prev;    
  for (;;) {        
    prev = p;        
    p = p.next;        
    if (p == null || when < p.when) {            
      break;        
    }        
    if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {            needWake = false;        
    }    
  }    
  msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next      
  prev.next = msg;
}

到现在,Handler消息的整体流程就走完了,欢迎大家批评指正!

推荐:
Message在MessageQueue中的入列和出列流程
http://www.jianshu.com/p/a8708d315039

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