一.蓝牙数据传输
蓝牙数据传输其实跟我们的 Socket（套接字）有点类似，如果有不懂的，可以百度一下概念，我们只要知道是这么回事就可以了，在网络中使用Socket和ServerSocket控制客户端和服务端来数据读写。而蓝牙通讯也是由客户端和服务端来完成的，蓝牙客户端Socket是BluetoothSocket,蓝牙服务端Socket是BluetoothServerSocket,这两个类都在Android.bluetooth包下，而且无论是BluetoothSocket还是BluetoothServerSocket，我们都需要一个UUID（标识符），这个UUID在上篇也是有提到，而且他的格式也是固定的：
UUID:XXXXXXXX(8)-XXXX(4)-XXXX(4)-XXXX(4)-XXXXXXXXXXXX(12)
第一段是8位，中间三段式4位，最后一段是12位，UUID相当于Socket的端口，而蓝牙地址则相当于Socket的IP
1.activity_main.xml
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:onClick="btnSearch" android:text="搜索蓝牙设备" /> android:id="@+id/lvDevices" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="0dp" android:layout_weight="1" /> 2.实现步骤 1.声明 我们需要的东西 // 本地蓝牙适配器 private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter; // 列表 private ListView lvDevices; // 存储搜索到的蓝牙 private ListbluetoothDevices = new ArrayList(); // listview的adapter private ArrayAdapterarrayAdapter; // UUID.randomUUID()随机获取UUID private final UUID MY_UUID = UUID .fromString("db764ac8-4b08-7f25-aafe-59d03c27bae3"); // 连接对象的名称 private final String NAME = "LGL"; // 这里本身即是服务端也是客户端，需要如下类 private BluetoothSocket clientSocket; private BluetoothDevice device; // 输出流_客户端需要往服务端输出 private OutputStream os; 2.初始化 // 获取本地蓝牙适配器 mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); // 判断手机是否支持蓝牙 if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) { Toast.makeText(this, "设备不支持蓝牙", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); finish(); } // 判断是否打开蓝牙 if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { // 弹出对话框提示用户是后打开 Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); startActivityForResult(intent, 1); // 不做提示，强行打开 // mBluetoothAdapter.enable(); } // 初始化listview lvDevices = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lvDevices); lvDevices.setOnItemClickListener(this); // 获取已经配对的设备 SetpairedDevices = mBluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices(); // 判断是否有配对过的设备 if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) { for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) { // 遍历到列表中 bluetoothDevices.add(device.getName() + ":" + device.getAddress() + "\n"); } } // adapter arrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, android.R.id.text1, bluetoothDevices); lvDevices.setAdapter(arrayAdapter); /** * 异步搜索蓝牙设备——广播接收 */ // 找到设备的广播 IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); // 注册广播 registerReceiver(receiver, filter); // 搜索完成的广播 filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED); // 注册广播 registerReceiver(receiver, filter); } 3.点击搜索 public void btnSearch(View v) { // 设置进度条 setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(true); setTitle("正在搜索..."); // 判断是否在搜索,如果在搜索，就取消搜索 if (mBluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) { mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); } // 开始搜索 mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery(); } 4.搜索设备 private final BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { // 收到的广播类型 String action = intent.getAction(); // 发现设备的广播 if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) { // 从intent中获取设备 BluetoothDevice device = intent .getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); // 判断是否配对过 if (device.getBondState() != BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) { // 添加到列表 bluetoothDevices.add(device.getName() + ":" + device.getAddress() + "\n"); arrayAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); } // 搜索完成 } else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED .equals(action)) { // 关闭进度条 setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(true); setTitle("搜索完成！"); } } }; 5.客户端实现已经发送数据流 // 客户端 @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView parent, View view, int position, long id) { // 先获得蓝牙的地址和设备名 String s = arrayAdapter.getItem(position); // 单独解析地址 String address = s.substring(s.indexOf(":") + 1).trim(); // 主动连接蓝牙 try { // 判断是否在搜索,如果在搜索，就取消搜索 if (mBluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) { mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); } try { // 判断是否可以获得 if (device == null) { // 获得远程设备 device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address); } // 开始连接 if (clientSocket == null) { clientSocket = device .createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID); // 连接 clientSocket.connect(); // 获得输出流 os = clientSocket.getOutputStream(); } } catch (Exception e) { // TODO: handle exception } // 如果成功获得输出流 if (os != null) { os.write("Hello Bluetooth!".getBytes("utf-8")); } } catch (Exception e) { // TODO: handle exception } } 6.Handler服务 // 服务端，需要监听客户端的线程类 private Handler handler = new Handler() { public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, String.valueOf(msg.obj), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); super.handleMessage(msg); } }; 7.服务端读取数据流 // 线程服务类 private class AcceptThread extends Thread { private BluetoothServerSocket serverSocket; private BluetoothSocket socket; // 输入 输出流 private OutputStream os; private InputStream is; public AcceptThread() { try { serverSocket = mBluetoothAdapter .listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void run() { // 截获客户端的蓝牙消息 try { socket = serverSocket.accept(); // 如果阻塞了，就会一直停留在这里 is = socket.getInputStream(); os = socket.getOutputStream(); // 不断接收请求,如果客户端没有发送的话还是会阻塞 while (true) { // 每次只发送128个字节 byte[] buffer = new byte[128]; // 读取 int count = is.read(); // 如果读取到了，我们就发送刚才的那个Toast Message msg = new Message(); msg.obj = new String(buffer, 0, count, "utf-8"); handler.sendMessage(msg); } } catch (Exception e) { // TODO: handle exception } } } 8.开启服务 首先要声明 //启动服务 ac =newAcceptThread(); ac.start(); MainActivity完整代码 package com.lgl.bluetoothget; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Set; import java.util.UUID; import android.app.Activity; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice ;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothServerSocket; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.IntentFilter; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Message; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.AdapterView; import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener; import android.widget.ArrayAdapter; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.ListView; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnItemClickListener { // 本地蓝牙适配器 private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter; // 列表 private ListView lvDevices; // 存储搜索到的蓝牙 private ListbluetoothDevices = new ArrayList(); // listview的adapter private ArrayAdapterarrayAdapter; // UUID.randomUUID()随机获取UUID private final UUID MY_UUID = UUID.fromString("db764ac8-4b08-7f25-aafe-59d03c27bae3"); // 连接对象的名称 private final String NAME = "LGL"; // 这里本身即是服务端也是客户端，需要如下类 private BluetoothSocket clientSocket; private BluetoothDevice device; // 输出流_客户端需要往服务端输出 private OutputStream os; //线程类的实例 private AcceptThread ac; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); initView(); } private void initView() { // 获取本地蓝牙适配器 mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); // 判断手机是否支持蓝牙 if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) { Toast.makeText(this, "设备不支持蓝牙", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); finish(); } // 判断是否打开蓝牙 if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { // 弹出对话框提示用户是后打开 Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); startActivityForResult(intent, 1); // 不做提示，强行打开 // mBluetoothAdapter.enable(); } // 初始化listview lvDevices = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lvDevices); lvDevices.setOnItemClickListener(this); // 获取已经配对的设备 SetpairedDevices = mBluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices(); // 判断是否有配对过的设备 if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) { for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) { // 遍历到列表中 bluetoothDevices.add(device.getName() + ":" + device.getAddress() + "\n"); } } // adapter arrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, android.R.id.text1, bluetoothDevices); lvDevices.setAdapter(arrayAdapter); //启动服务 ac = new AcceptThread(); ac.start(); /** * 异步搜索蓝牙设备——广播接收 */ // 找到设备的广播 IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); // 注册广播 registerReceiver(receiver, filter); // 搜索完成的广播 filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED); // 注册广播 registerReceiver(receiver, filter); } public void btnSearch(View v) { // 设置进度条 setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(true); setTitle("正在搜索..."); // 判断是否在搜索,如果在搜索，就取消搜索 if (mBluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) { mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); } // 开始搜索 mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery(); } // 广播接收器 private final BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { // 收到的广播类型 String action = intent.getAction(); // 发现设备的广播 if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) { // 从intent中获取设备 BluetoothDevice device = intent .getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); // 判断是否配对过 if (device.getBondState() != BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) { // 添加到列表 bluetoothDevices.add(device.getName() + ":" + device.getAddress() + "\n"); arrayAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); } // 搜索完成 } else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED .equals(action)) { // 关闭进度条 setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(true); setTitle("搜索完成！"); } } }; // 客户端 @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView parent, View view, int position, long id) { // 先获得蓝牙的地址和设备名 String s = arrayAdapter.getItem(position); // 单独解析地址 String address = s.substring(s.indexOf(":") + 1).trim(); // 主动连接蓝牙 try { // 判断是否在搜索,如果在搜索，就取消搜索 if (mBluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) { mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); } try { // 判断是否可以获得 if (device == null) { // 获得远程设备 device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address); } // 开始连接 if (clientSocket == null) { clientSocket = device .createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID); // 连接 clientSocket.connect(); // 获得输出流 os = clientSocket.getOutputStream(); } } catch (Exception e) { // TODO: handle exception } // 如果成功获得输出流 if (os != null) { os.write("Hello Bluetooth!".getBytes("utf-8")); } } catch (Exception e) { // TODO: handle exception } } // 服务端，需要监听客户端的线程类 private Handler handler = new Handler() { public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, String.valueOf(msg.obj), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); super.handleMessage(msg); } }; // 线程服务类 private class AcceptThread extends Thread { private BluetoothServerSocket serverSocket; private BluetoothSocket socket; // 输入 输出流 private OutputStream os; private InputStream is; public AcceptThread() { try { serverSocket = mBluetoothAdapter .listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void run() { // 截获客户端的蓝牙消息 try { socket = serverSocket.accept(); // 如果阻塞了，就会一直停留在这里 is = socket.getInputStream(); os = socket.getOutputStream(); // 不断接收请求,如果客户端没有发送的话还是会阻塞 while (true) { // 每次只发送128个字节 byte[] buffer = new byte[128]; // 读取 int count = is.read(); // 如果读取到了，我们就发送刚才的那个Toast Message msg = new Message(); msg.obj = new String(buffer, 0, count, "utf-8"); handler.sendMessage(msg); } } catch (Exception e) { // TODO: handle exception } } } }