python爬饿了么外卖数据（1）

1、环境介绍：

win10  64bit

python 3.6.0

openpyxl  2.4.2（操作excel）

2、目的

根据区域统计该区域附近的外卖商家总数、和所有商家的月销售情况

3、网页截图

首先我们通过这张图能发现

URL请求是：https://mainsite-restapi.ele.me/v2/pois?extras%5B%5D=count&geohash=wx4g0bmjetr7&keyword=%E6%9C%9D&limit=20&type=nearby

request_headers:

1. accept:application/json, text/plain, */*
   accept-encoding:gzip, deflate, sdch, br
   accept-language:zh-CN,zh;q=0.8
   cookie:ubt_ssid=plds7ye19rj2rghg3oaar8hkt89yy7f1_2017-02-07; _utrace=ac9073c509bedb74b28a1482bd95a9d8_2017-02-07
   origin:https://www.ele.me
   referer:https://www.ele.me/home/
   user-agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.75 Safari/537.36

URL请求参数：

1. extras[]:count
   geohash:wx4g0bmjetr7
   keyword:朝
   limit:20
   type:nearby

分析请求参数和url 就不难发现，其实URL 请求 “？” 后面的内容 其实是编码之后的请求参数

这样，我们抓取该页面的数据就很好弄了，

首先构造headers

其次，我们自己维护一个关键字集合，

通过遍历，构造不同的请求参数，

发送请求，获取数据，并将数据保存在excel 中

代码如下：

#爬饿了么外卖数据--区域集合

#https://mainsite-restapi.ele.me/v2/pois?
#extras%5B%5D=count&geohash=wx4g0bmjetr7&keyword=%E6%9C%9D%E9%98%B3&limit=20&type=nearby
import urllib.request
import os
import json
from  openpyxl  import Workbook
from  openpyxl  import load_workbook
keywordExcel="D:\worksapce\python\爬虫饿了么\\keyword.xlsx"  #关键字检索外卖地点保存路径

keywords=["朝阳","奥体"]  #关键字集合

def reqsetting():#首先构造请求头headers，url目前暂时保存根路径
    
    weburl = "https://mainsite-restapi.ele.me/v2/pois?"
    #extra1="extras%5B%5D=count&geohash=wx4g0bmjetr7&keyword=%E6%9C%9D%E9%98%B3&limit=20&type=nearby"
    webheaders={
    "Accept":"application/json, text/plain, */*",
    "Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8",
    "Connection":"keep-alive",
    "Cookie":"ubt_ssid=plds7ye19rj2rghg3oaar8hkt89yy7f1_2017-02-07; _utrace=ac9073c509bedb74b28a1482bd95a9d8_2017-02-07",
    "Host":"mainsite-restapi.ele.me",
    "Origin":"https://www.ele.me",
    "Referer":"https://www.ele.me/place/wx4g4h5shqf",
    "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.75 Safari/537.36"
        }
    req=urllib.request.Request(url=weburl,headers=webheaders)
    
    return req

def write2Excel(jsondata,title):#根据不同的关键字将数据写入到excel中
    fileName=keywordExcel
    if(os.path.exists(fileName)):
        wb=load_workbook(fileName)
    else:
        wb=Workbook()

    ws=wb.create_sheet(title)    
    ws.column_dimensions["A"].width =10.0
    ws.append(["ID","城市","geohash","名称","地址","商家总数","经度","纬度","request_id","short_address"])
    ws.column_dimensions["A"].width =30.0
    ws.column_dimensions["B"].width =10.0
    ws.column_dimensions["C"].width =18.0
    ws.column_dimensions["D"].width =20.0
    ws.column_dimensions["E"].width =50.0
    ws.column_dimensions["F"].width =10.0
    ws.column_dimensions["G"].width =10.0
    ws.column_dimensions["H"].width =10.0
    ws.column_dimensions["I"].width =25.0
    ws.column_dimensions["J"].width =40.0

    for i in range(len(jsondata)):
        row=jsondata[i]

        ws.append([row["id"],row["city"],row["geohash"],row["name"],row["address"],row["count"],
                   row["longitude"],row["latitude"],row["request_id"],row["short_address"]])
    wb.save(fileName)
    
if __name__ == '__main__':  #程序运行入口

    if(os.path.exists(keywordExcel)):
        os.remove(keywordExcel)
    req=reqsetting()
    newUrl=req.get_full_url()
    for keyword in keywords:#遍历关键字集合，构造不同的请求参数，附加到URL 请求上
        params={
        "extras[]":"count",
        "geohash":"wx4g0bmjetr7",
        "keyword":"%s" % keyword,
        "limit":"20",
        "type":"nearby"
            }
        params=urllib.parse.urlencode(params)#将请求参数进行编码
        req.full_url=newUrl+params#重新构造请求参数
       
        webpage=urllib.request.urlopen(req)#获取数据
        contentBytes = webpage.read().decode("utf-8")
        jsondata=json.loads(contentBytes)#将数据解析成json格式
        write2Excel(jsondata,keyword)#将数据写入excel 中