［Unity3D］Unity3D官方案例SpaceShooter开发教程

1、先导入SpaceShooter的环境资源，将Models下的vehicle_playerShip放到Hierachy窗口，改名为Player.Rotation x改为270，为Player添加mesh collider组件，将vehicle_playerShip_collider放到Mesh属性里面，为Player添加刚体，去掉重力的勾选，将Prefebs中的engines_player放到Hierarchy，并调好位置。
2、进入3D视图，将MainCamera中的Projection改为Orthographic,摄像机视图变为矩形视图。将Camered的背景改为黑色。将Player的Rotation x 改为零。Camera的Rotation改为90，移动摄像机，调节位置在Game视图中查看。通过调节Camera的Size来调节Player的大小，通过调节Camera的Position来调节Player的位置，适当即可。
3、添加一个Directional Light,改名为Main Light,然后reset,改Rotation x为20，y为245.Intensity改为0.75，同理继续添加一个，改名为Fill Light，将Rotation y改为125，点开color将RGB分别改为128,192,192.在添加一个Rim Light,将Rotation x，y分别改为345，65，Indensity改为0.25，Ctrl+Shift+N创建一个GameObject，改名为Light,将三个Light放进去。
4、添加一个Quad组件，改名为Background,rotation x 90,添加一个纹理tile_nebula_green_dff，将tile_nebula_green_dff中的shader改为Unlity/Texture,将Position y 改为-10，将Scale x, y改为15和30，这是纹理图片的大小比例决定的，1:2。
5、创建GameObject,改名为GameCotroller，添加脚本GameCotroller.cs,为Player添加一个新的脚本，命名为PlayerController,脚本为：
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
[System.Serializable]
public class Boundary
{
   
    public float zMin = -3.3f;
    public float zMax = 14f;
    public float xMin = -6.5f;
    public float xMax = 6.5f;
}
public class PlayerController : MonoBehaviour {
    public float speed = 10f;
    public Boundary bound;
    void FixedUpdate()
    {
       
        float h = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
        float v = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");
        Vector3 move = new Vector3(h, 0, v);
        rigidbody.velocity = speed * move;
        rigidbody.position = new Vector3(Mathf.Clamp(rigidbody.position.x, bound.xMin, bound.xMax), 0, Mathf.Clamp(rigidbody.position.z, bound.zMin, bound.zMax));
    }
}

代码心得：限制需要在Game视图移动来调节。记住了rigidbody的velocity方法，限制Player的飞行范围可通过rigidbody.position来控制。学习了Mathf.Clamp(rigidbody.position.x, bound.xMin, bound.xMax)的用法。学习了系列化[System.Serializable]在窗口视图中显示。
6、创建一个GameObject，改名为Bolt,创建一个GameObject，改名为VFX，放到Bolt下，将fx_lazer_orange_dff拖到VFX Inspector中，将Shader改为Particles/Additive可将背景设置为透明。给Bolt加上RigidBody,去掉use Gravity.添加Mover脚本：
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class Mover : MonoBehaviour {
    public float speed = 20f;
 // Use this for initialization
 void Start () {
        rigidbody.velocity = transform.forward * speed;
 }

}
再添加一个Capsule Collider用于碰撞检测，将Radius和height的值设为0.05,0.55.direction设为Z-Axis,现在报错，是因为FBX的MeshRenderer和Bolt的Capsule Collider冲突，删掉FBX的MeshRenderer。注意一点要想把改变的同步到Prefabs中就得点击应用。
开始添加子弹，创建新的GameObject，命名为SpawnPos放到Player下面。继续编辑PlayerController脚本。代码如下：
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
[System.Serializable]
public class Boundary
{
   
    public float zMin = -3.3f;
    public float zMax = 14f;
    public float xMin = -6.5f;
    public float xMax = 6.5f;
}
public class PlayerController : MonoBehaviour {
    public float speed = 10f;
   
    public Boundary bound;
    public GameObject bolt;
    public Transform spawnPos;
    void Update()
    {
        if(Input.GetButton("Fire1"))
        {
            Instantiate(bolt, spawnPos.position, spawnPos.rotation);
        }
    }
    void FixedUpdate()
    {
       
        float h = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
        float v = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");
        Vector3 move = new Vector3(h, 0, v);
        rigidbody.velocity = speed * move;
        rigidbody.position = new Vector3(Mathf.Clamp(rigidbody.position.x, bound.xMin, bound.xMax), 0, Mathf.Clamp(rigidbody.position.z, bound.zMin, bound.zMax));
    }
}
问题：运行游戏，发现游戏的子弹是散的。将Bolt里面的is Trigger勾选上可防止这种情况的出现。现在发现子弹的发射过于连续，添加代码：
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
[System.Serializable]
public class Boundary
{
   
    public float zMin = -3.3f;
    public float zMax = 14f;
    public float xMin = -6.5f;
    public float xMax = 6.5f;
}
public class PlayerController : MonoBehaviour {
    public float speed = 10f;
   
    public Boundary bound;
    public GameObject bolt;
    public Transform spawnPos;
    public float fireRate = 0.1f;
    private float nextFire;
    void Update()
    {
        if(Input.GetButton("Fire1") && Time.time > nextFire)
        {
            nextFire = Time.time + fireRate;
            Instantiate(bolt, spawnPos.position, spawnPos.rotation);
        }
    }
    void FixedUpdate()
    {
       
        float h = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
        float v = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");
        Vector3 move = new Vector3(h, 0, v);
        rigidbody.velocity = speed * move;
        rigidbody.position = new Vector3(Mathf.Clamp(rigidbody.position.x, bound.xMin, bound.xMax), 0, Mathf.Clamp(rigidbody.position.z, bound.zMin, bound.zMax));
    }
}
Bolt(clone)不会消失，现在开始制作子弹的边界。
创建一个cube，改名为Boundary,将Box Collider的Size改为15 和 30，位置调节到与Background位置一致。删除掉mesh collider等组件，添加脚本DesdroyByBoundary。代码如下：
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class DestroyByBoundary : MonoBehaviour
{

    void OnTriggerExit(Collider other)
    {
        Destroy(other.gameObject);
    }
}
现在开始创建陨石，创建新的GameObject，改名为Asteroid，将prop_asteroid_01拖入其中，添加Rigidbody和Capsule Collider,修改参数使Capsule Collider与物体差不多吻合。RigidBody去掉use Gravity.添加一个脚本，RandomRotation,代码如下：
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class RandomRotation : MonoBehaviour {

    public float tumble = 5;
 // Use this for initialization
 void Start () {
        rigidbody.angularVelocity = Random.insideUnitSphere * tumble;
 }
 
}

Asteroid添加一个Mover，改Speed为-5。现在陨石可以向下旋转且下落。
同理添加Asteroid2和Asteroid3.
添加一个脚本，改名为DestroyByCantact，如下：
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class DestroyByCantact : MonoBehaviour {

 void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other)
    {
        if (other.gameObject.tag == "Boundary")
        {
            return;
        }
        Destroy(other.gameObject);
        Destroy(this.gameObject);
    }
}

添加到各个Asteroid中。
DestroyByCantact添加代码：
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class DestroyByCantact : MonoBehaviour {
    public GameObject explossion;
    public GameObject playerExplosion;
 void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other)
    {
        if (other.gameObject.tag == "Boundary")
        {
            return;
        }
        if(other.gameObject.tag == "player")
        {
            Instantiate(playerExplosion, this.transform.position, this.transform.rotation);
        }
        Destroy(other.gameObject);
        Destroy(this.gameObject);
        Instantiate(explossion, this.transform.position, this.transform.rotation);
    }
}

将各个爆炸效果分别拖到脚本中，应用到Prefabs当中。
接下来给GameCotroller脚本加代码：
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class GameController : MonoBehaviour
{

    public Vector3 spawnValues;
    public GameObject[] hazards;
    // Use this for initialization
    void Start()
    {

    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        if (Random.value < 0.1)
        {
            Spawn();
        }
    }
    void Spawn()
    {
        GameObject o = hazards[Random.Range(0, hazards.Length)];
        Vector3 p = new Vector3(Random.Range(-spawnValues.x, spawnValues.x), spawnValues.y, spawnValues.z);
        Quaternion q = Quaternion.identity;
        Instantiate(o, p, q);
    }
}
将三个陨石分别添加到Hazards里面。
继续修改GameController代码：
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class GameController : MonoBehaviour
{

    public Vector3 spawnValues;
    public GameObject[] hazards;
    public int numPerWave = 10;

    public float startWait = 2f;   //出现小行星之前的等待时间
    public float spanWait = 1f;     //一波小行星内的间隔时间
    public float waveWait = 4f;   //每两波时间间隔
    // Use this for initialization
    void Start()
    {
        StartCoroutine(SpawnWaves());
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        //if (Random.value < 0.1)
        //{
         //   Spawn();
    //}
    }
    IEnumerator SpawnWaves()
    {
        yield return new WaitForSeconds(startWait);
        while(true)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < numPerWave; i++)
            {
                Spawn();
                yield return new WaitForSeconds(spanWait);
            }
            yield return new WaitForSeconds(waveWait);
        }
       
    }

    private void WaitForSeconds(float spanWait)
    {
        throw new System.NotImplementedException();
    }
    void Spawn()
    {
        GameObject o = hazards[Random.Range(0, hazards.Length)];
        Vector3 p = new Vector3(Random.Range(-spawnValues.x, spawnValues.x), spawnValues.y, spawnValues.z);
        Quaternion q = Quaternion.identity;
        Instantiate(o, p, q);
    }
}
里面涉及到技巧性。
添加音效，有几个可以直接添加。对于player发射子弹的声音可以在代码中添加。
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
[System.Serializable]
public class Boundary
{
   
    public float zMin = -3.3f;
    public float zMax = 14f;
    public float xMin = -6.5f;
    public float xMax = 6.5f;
}
public class PlayerController : MonoBehaviour {
    public float speed = 10f;
   
    public Boundary bound;
    public GameObject bolt;
    public Transform spawnPos;
    public float fireRate = 0.1f;
    private float nextFire;
    public AudioClip fire;
    void Update()
    {
        if(Input.GetButton("Fire1") && Time.time > nextFire)
        {
            nextFire = Time.time + fireRate;
            Instantiate(bolt, spawnPos.position, spawnPos.rotation);
            audio.PlayOneShot(fire);
        }
    }
    void FixedUpdate()
    {
       
        float h = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
        float v = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");
        Vector3 move = new Vector3(h, 0, v);
        rigidbody.velocity = speed * move;
        rigidbody.position = new Vector3(Mathf.Clamp(rigidbody.position.x, bound.xMin, bound.xMax), 0, Mathf.Clamp(rigidbody.position.z, bound.zMin, bound.zMax));
    }
}
添加脚本将爆炸效果去除
创建DestroyByTime,如下：
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class DestroyByTime : MonoBehaviour {

    public float lifeTime = 2;
 // Use this for initialization
 void Start () {
        Destroy(this.gameObject, lifeTime);
 }
 
 // Update is called once per frame
 void Update () {
 
 }
}
添加分数，创建一个GUIText，修改y为1，修改代码GameController
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class GameController : MonoBehaviour
{

    public Vector3 spawnValues;
    public GameObject[] hazards;
    public int numPerWave = 10;

    public float startWait = 2f;   //出现小行星之前的等待时间
    public float spanWait = 1f;     //一波小行星内的间隔时间
    public float waveWait = 4f;   //每两波时间间隔

    public GUIText scoreText;
    private int score;
    // Use this for initialization
    void Start()
    {
        StartCoroutine(SpawnWaves());
        scoreText.text = "Score: " + score;
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        //if (Random.value < 0.1)
        //{
         //   Spawn();
    //}
    }
    IEnumerator SpawnWaves()
    {
        yield return new WaitForSeconds(startWait);
        while(true)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < numPerWave; i++)
            {
                Spawn();
                yield return new WaitForSeconds(spanWait);
            }
            yield return new WaitForSeconds(waveWait);
        }
       
    }

    private void WaitForSeconds(float spanWait)
    {
        throw new System.NotImplementedException();
    }
    void Spawn()
    {
        GameObject o = hazards[Random.Range(0, hazards.Length)];
        Vector3 p = new Vector3(Random.Range(-spawnValues.x, spawnValues.x), spawnValues.y, spawnValues.z);
        Quaternion q = Quaternion.identity;
        Instantiate(o, p, q);
    }
    public void AddScore(int v)
    {
        score += v;
        scoreText.text = "Score: " + score;
    }
}
将GameController物体的TAG改为GameController,修改DesdroyByContact脚本：
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class DestroyByCantact : MonoBehaviour {
    public GameObject explossion;
    public GameObject playerExplosion;

    private GameController gameController;
    public int score = 10;
    void Start()
    {
        GameObject gameControllerObject = GameObject.FindWithTag("GameController");
        if(gameControllerObject != null)
        {
            gameController = gameControllerObject.GetComponent();
        }
        if(gameControllerObject == null)
        {
            Debug.Log("TaoCheng");
        }
    }
 void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other)
    {
        if (other.gameObject.tag == "Boundary")
        {
            return;
        }
        if(other.gameObject.tag == "player")
        {
            Instantiate(playerExplosion, this.transform.position, this.transform.rotation);
        }
        if(other.gameObject.tag == "enemy")
        {
            return;
        }
        Destroy(other.gameObject);
        gameController.AddScore(score);
        Destroy(this.gameObject);
        Instantiate(explossion, this.transform.position, this.transform.rotation);
    }
}
做显示游戏结束和游戏重新开始。
GameCotroller脚本代码如下：
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class GameController : MonoBehaviour
{

    public Vector3 spawnValues;
    public GameObject[] hazards;
    public int numPerWave = 10;

    public float startWait = 2f;   //出现小行星之前的等待时间
    public float spanWait = 1f;     //一波小行星内的间隔时间
    public float waveWait = 4f;   //每两波时间间隔

    public GUIText scoreText;
    private int score;
    private bool gameOver;
    public GUIText gameOverText;
    public GUIText helpText;
    // Use this for initialization
    void Start()
    {
        StartCoroutine(SpawnWaves());
        scoreText.text = "Score: " + score;
        gameOverText.text = "";
        helpText.text = "";
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        if(gameOver && Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.R))
        {
            Application.LoadLevel(Application.loadedLevel);
        }
        //if (Random.value < 0.1)
        //{
         //   Spawn();
    //}
    }
    IEnumerator SpawnWaves()
    {
        yield return new WaitForSeconds(startWait);
        while(true)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < numPerWave; i++)
            {
                Spawn();
                yield return new WaitForSeconds(spanWait);
            }
            yield return new WaitForSeconds(waveWait);
            if (gameOver)
                break;
        }  
    }

    private void WaitForSeconds(float spanWait)
    {
        throw new System.NotImplementedException();
    }
    void Spawn()
    {
        GameObject o = hazards[Random.Range(0, hazards.Length)];
        Vector3 p = new Vector3(Random.Range(-spawnValues.x, spawnValues.x), spawnValues.y, spawnValues.z);
        Quaternion q = Quaternion.identity;
        Instantiate(o, p, q);
    }
    public void AddScore(int v)
    {
        score += v;
        scoreText.text = "Score: " + score;
    }
    public void GameOver()
    {
        gameOver = true;
        gameOverText.text = "Game Over!";
        helpText.text = "Press 'R' to Restart!";
    }
}
DestroyByContact脚本代码如下：
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class DestroyByCantact : MonoBehaviour {
    public GameObject explossion;
    public GameObject playerExplosion;

    private GameController gameController;
    public int score = 10;
    void Start()
    {
        GameObject gameControllerObject = GameObject.FindWithTag("GameController");
        if(gameControllerObject != null)
        {
            gameController = gameControllerObject.GetComponent();
        }
        if(gameControllerObject == null)
        {
            Debug.Log("TaoCheng");
        }
    }
 void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other)
    {
        if (other.gameObject.tag == "Boundary")
        {
            return;
        }
        if(other.gameObject.tag == "Player")
        {
            Instantiate(playerExplosion, this.transform.position, this.transform.rotation);
            gameController.GameOver();
            Debug.Log("Error");
        }
        if(other.gameObject.tag == "enemy")
        {
            return;
        }
        Destroy(other.gameObject);
        gameController.AddScore(score);
        Destroy(this.gameObject);
        Instantiate(explossion, this.transform.position, this.transform.rotation);
    }
}
设置一个GUIText组，分别添加到代码中。
SpaceShooter基本功能完成。