CentOS上安装Docker的详细教程

1：首先要有一个Centos7操作系统，可以在虚拟机中安装。

a、root账户登录，查看内核版本

[root@admin01 ~]# uname -a
Linux admin01 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Apr 20 16:44:24 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

b、更新yum源

[root@admin01 ~]# yum update

c、安装一些必要的系统工具

[root@admin01 ~]# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

d、添加软件源信息：

[root@admin01 ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

e、 更新 yum 缓存：

[root@admin01 ~]#  yum makecache fast

f、 可以查看所有仓库中所有docker版本，并选择特定版本安装

[root@admin01 ~]# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r 
 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Installed Packages
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.2-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.1-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:19.03.0-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.9-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.8-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.7-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.6-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.5-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.4-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.3-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.2-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.1-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.0-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.3.ce-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.2.ce-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.1.ce-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.0.ce-3.el7                   docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            18.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.12.0.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.12.0.ce-1.el7.centos            @docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64            17.09.1.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.09.0.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.2.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.1.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.0.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.3.ce-1.el7                   docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable 
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
Available Packages

g、安装Docker，命令：yum install docker-ce-版本号，我选的是17.12.1.ce

[root@admin01 ~]# yum install docker-ce-17.12.1.ce

h、验证安装是否成功(有client和service两部分表示docker安装启动都成功了)

[root@admin01 ~]# docker version
Client:
 Version:	17.12.0-ce
 API version:	1.35
 Go version:	go1.9.2
 Git commit:	c97c6d6
 Built:	Wed Dec 27 20:10:14 2017
 OS/Arch:	linux/amd64

Server:
 Engine:
  Version:	17.12.0-ce
  API version:	1.35 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:	go1.9.2
  Git commit:	c97c6d6
  Built:	Wed Dec 27 20:12:46 2017
  OS/Arch:	linux/amd64
  Experimental:	false

i、启动Docker，命令：systemctl start docker，然后加入开机启动

[root@admin01 ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@admin01 ~]# systemctl enable docker
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.

j、运行hello-world

[root@admin01 ~]# docker run hello-world

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

k、查看镜像

[root@admin01 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                         TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world                        latest              fce289e99eb9        8 months ago        1.84kB