在深度学习的学习过程中,我们可能会用到一些已经训练好的模型,比如 Alex Net, google net, VGG net, ResNet等,那我们怎么对这些已经训练好的模型进行fine-tune来提高准确率呢?
在这篇博客中,我们使用已经训练好的VGG16模型来帮助我们进行这个分类任务,因为我们要分类的是猫,狗这类物体,而VGG net是在imageNet上训练的,而imageNet实际上已经包含了这2中物体。
我们的方法是这样的:
首先构造VGG16模型:
model = Sequential()
model.add(ZeroPadding2D((1, 1), input_shape=(3, img_width, img_height)))
model.add(Convolution2D(64, 3, 3, activation='relu', name='conv1_1'))
model.add(ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
model.add(Convolution2D(64, 3, 3, activation='relu', name='conv1_2'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D((2, 2), strides=(2, 2)))
model.add(ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
model.add(Convolution2D(128, 3, 3, activation='relu', name='conv2_1'))
model.add(ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
model.add(Convolution2D(128, 3, 3, activation='relu', name='conv2_2'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D((2, 2), strides=(2, 2)))
model.add(ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
model.add(Convolution2D(256, 3, 3, activation='relu', name='conv3_1'))
model.add(ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
model.add(Convolution2D(256, 3, 3, activation='relu', name='conv3_2'))
model.add(ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
model.add(Convolution2D(256, 3, 3, activation='relu', name='conv3_3'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D((2, 2), strides=(2, 2)))
model.add(ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
model.add(Convolution2D(512, 3, 3, activation='relu', name='conv4_1'))
model.add(ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
model.add(Convolution2D(512, 3, 3, activation='relu', name='conv4_2'))
model.add(ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
model.add(Convolution2D(512, 3, 3, activation='relu', name='conv4_3'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D((2, 2), strides=(2, 2)))
model.add(ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
model.add(Convolution2D(512, 3, 3, activation='relu', name='conv5_1'))
model.add(ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
model.add(Convolution2D(512, 3, 3, activation='relu', name='conv5_2'))
model.add(ZeroPadding2D((1, 1)))
model.add(Convolution2D(512, 3, 3, activation='relu', name='conv5_3'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D((2, 2), strides=(2, 2)))
加载VGG16训练好的权重(我们只要全连接层以前的权重):
assert os.path.exists(weights_path), 'Model weights not found (see "weights_path" variable in script).'
f = h5py.File(weights_path)
for k in range(f.attrs['nb_layers']):
if k >= len(model.layers):
# we don't look at the last (fully-connected) layers in the savefile
break
g = f['layer_{}'.format(k)]
weights = [g['param_{}'.format(p)] for p in range(g.attrs['nb_params'])]
model.layers[k].set_weights(weights)
f.close()
print('Model loaded.')
然后在VGG16结构基础上添加一个简单的分类器及预训练好的模型:
top_model = Sequential()
top_model.add(Flatten(input_shape=model.output_shape[1:]))
top_model.add(Dense(256, activation='relu'))
top_model.add(Dropout(0.5))
top_model.add(Dense(1, activation='sigmoid'))
top_model.load_weights(top_model_weights_path)
# add the model on top of the convolutional base
model.add(top_model)
把随后一个卷积块前的权重设置为不训练:
for layer in model.layers[:25]:
layer.trainable = False
model.compile(loss='binary_crossentropy',
optimizer=optimizers.SGD(lr=1e-4, momentum=0.9),
metrics=['accuracy'])
这样一个很简单fine-tune在50个epoch后就可以达到一个大概0.94的auc.
源代码和数据库在code and dataset.
参考文档https://blog.keras.io/building-powerful-image-classification-models-using-very-little-data.html.