英语时态总结

按照旋元佑语法书总结时态，非常简单，只有简单式和完成式。

英文動詞的時態，可以分成現在、過去、未來等三種時間（times） ，簡單式、完成式、進行式、完成進行式等四種狀態（aspects） 。如果再加上主動、被動兩種語態（voices） ，那麼動詞時態變化多達 24 種。扣掉一、兩種很少使用的，實際上經常用到的時態也有 22至 23 種之多。

英文動詞的時態，如果認定 be 為動詞，那麼就只剩下簡單式（simple aspect） 與完成式（perfect aspect） 這兩種狀態。只要能夠區分清楚這兩種狀態， 英文動詞時態就沒問題了。

时|态	语态 voice	简单式		完成式
		一般simple	进行式continuous	一般perfect	进行式perfect continuous
过去	active	did	was doing	had done	had been doing
	passive	was done	was being done	had been done	had been being done
现在	主动	do	be doing	have done	have been doing
	被动	be done	be being done	have been done	have been being done
将来	主动	will/shall do	will be doing	will have done	will have been doing
	被动	will be done	will be being done	will have been done	will have been being done
过去将来	主动	would do	would be doing	should/would have done	should/would have been doing
	被动	would be done	would be being done	should/would have been done	should/would have been being done

简单式

过去时间

• The U.S. declared independence in 1776.
• The dynamite was invented by the Chinese.
• I was playing a video game when the power suddenly went out.
• I was working on my paper throughout last week.
• The house was being renovated when it collapsed on the workers.

现在时间

• I have a headache.
• Wang Chien-Ming pitches for the Yankees.
• Our summer house is located on the lake.
• Please be quiet, because everybody is sleeping now.
• This store is selling everything at a 30% discount this week, to celebrate its 20th anniversary.
• This road is closed to traffic now because it is being widened.

未来时间

• John will leave tomorrow.
• John is going to leave tomorrow.
• John is to leave tomorrow.（省略going）
• John is leaving tomorrow.（省略to leave）
• John will be leaving tomorrow.
• John leaves tomorrow.
• Because the weatherman says it will rain this afternoon, I’m going to bring an umbrella.
• The train leaves at 2:30.
• World Cup finals begin tomorrow night.
• I will discuss the plan with my boss next week.

过去时间未来

• It was mid-1945; Japan would soon raid Pearl Harbor.
• The weatherman said it would rain, but it didn’t.

完成式

过去时间

• Everybody had left before she got to the station.
• More than 60,000 soldiers had been killed when the President finally decided to pull out of the war.
• The students had been preparing for the college entrance exam for three years when the Education Ministry suddenly announced a change of regulations.

现在时间

• I have seen that movie.
• You can’t enter now because the concert has already begun.
• Everything that can be done has been done; now we can only wait and see.
• Those marathon runners have been running for two whole hours without stop now.

未来时间

• By August I will have worked at the company for 30 years.
• By August I will have been working at the company for 30 years.（未来完成进行式）
• In two more minutes, she will have been talking on the phone for three hours!
• Leave the test papers at the front desk when you have finished the test.
• You can leave early if you have finished the test before the bell rings.（表示時間或條件的副詞子句，用現在式代替未來式
  ）

现在完成和现在完成进行式区别：

I have lived here for 20 years.
I have been living here for 20 years.
(我在這（一直）住了 20 年了。 )

後者用現在分詞 living 當主詞補語、強調「一直住」，前者沒有強調，但基本上意思相同。

I have read your book.
(您的大作我拜讀過了。 )
I have been reading your book.
(您的大作我最近一直在看。 )

前者表示「已經看完了」，後者則強烈暗示「還在看、尚未看完」。