oracle 19c rpm快速安装方式

介质下载：

https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/index.html

wget https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/getPackage/oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

安装oracle19c:

准备oracle用户：

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd dba

[root@localhost ~]# useradd oracle -g oinstall -G dba
 

[root@localhost ~]# usermod -g oinstall oracle
[root@localhost ~]# usermod -a -G dba oracle

[root@localhost ~]# id oracle

uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(oinstall) groups=1002(oinstall),1003(dba)

安装19c软件：
yum -y localinstall oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
yum -y localinstall oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

创建数据库：

[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure

建议修改/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c脚本为非容器模式。

[root@localhost sysconfig]# cd /etc/init.d/
[root@localhost init.d]# ls
functions  netconsole  network  oracle-database-preinstall-19c-firstboot  oracledb_jycdb-19c  oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c  README
[root@localhost init.d]# ls -lt
total 68
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10408 Apr 28 09:18 oracledb_jycdb-19c
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10017 Apr 18 15:22 oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c
-rwx------. 1 root root  1281 Feb 14 15:03 oracle-database-preinstall-19c-firstboot
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  1160 Oct 31 07:31 README
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18281 Aug 24  2018 functions
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  4569 Aug 24  2018 netconsole
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  7923 Aug 24  2018 network
[root@localhost init.d]# cat oracledb_jycdb-19c
#!/bin/bash
#
# chkconfig: 2345 80 05
# Description: This script is responsible for taking care of configuring the Oracle Database and its associated services.
#
# processname: oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c
# Red Hat or SuSE config: /etc/sysconfig/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c
#

# Set path if path not set
case $PATH in
        "") PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/etc
                 export PATH ;;
esac

# Check if the root user is running this script
if [ $(id -u) != "0" ]
then
        echo "You must be root user to run the configurations script. Login as root user and try again."
        exit 1
fi

# Setting the required environment variables
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1 

export ORACLE_VERSION=19c 
export ORACLE_SID=jycdb
export TEMPLATE_NAME=General_Purpose.dbc
export CHARSET=AL32UTF8
export PDB_NAME=ORCLPDB1
export LISTENER_NAME=LISTENER
export NUMBER_OF_PDBS=1
export CREATE_AS_CDB=false

# General exports and vars
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
LSNR=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl
SQLPLUS=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus
DBCA=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca
NETCA=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca
ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
RETVAL=0
CONFIG_NAME="oracledb_$ORACLE_SID-$ORACLE_VERSION.conf"
CONFIGURATION="/etc/sysconfig/$CONFIG_NAME"

# Commands
if [ -z "$SU" ];then SU=/bin/su; fi
if [ -z "$GREP" ]; then GREP=/usr/bin/grep; fi
if [ ! -f "$GREP" ]; then GREP=/bin/grep; fi

# To start the DB
start()
{
    check_for_configuration
    RETVAL=$?
    if [ $RETVAL -eq 1 ]
    then
        echo "The Oracle Database is not configured. You must run '/etc/init.d/oracledb_$ORACLE_SID-$ORACLE_VERSION configure' as the root user to configure the database."
        exit
    fi
    # Check if the DB is already started
    pmon=`ps -ef | egrep pmon_$ORACLE_SID'\>' | $GREP -v grep`
    if [ "$pmon" = "" ];
    then

        # Unset the proxy env vars before calling sqlplus
        unset_proxy_vars

        echo "Starting Oracle Net Listener."
        $SU -s /bin/bash $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$LSNR  start $LISTENER_NAME" > /dev/null 2>&1
        RETVAL=$?
        if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]
        then
            echo "Oracle Net Listener started."
        fi

        echo "Starting Oracle Database instance $ORACLE_SID."
        $SU -s /bin/bash  $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$SQLPLUS -s /nolog << EOF
                                                                connect / as sysdba
                                                                startup
                                                                alter pluggable database all open
                                                                exit;
                                                                EOF" > /dev/null 2>&1
        RETVAL1=$?
        if [ $RETVAL1 -eq 0 ]
        then
            echo "Oracle Database instance $ORACLE_SID started."
        fi
    else
        echo "The Oracle Database instance $ORACLE_SID is already started."
        exit 0
    fi

    echo
    if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && [ $RETVAL1 -eq 0 ]
    then
        return 0
     else
        echo "Failed to start Oracle Net Listener using $ORACLE_HOME/bin/tnslsnr and Oracle Database using $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus."
        exit 1
    fi
}

# To stop the DB
stop()
{
    check_for_configuration
    RETVAL=$?
    if [ $RETVAL -eq 1 ]
    then
        echo "The Oracle Database is not configured. You must run '/etc/init.d/oracledb_$ORACLE_SID-$ORACLE_VERSION configure' as the root user to configure the database."
        exit 1
    fi
    # Check if the DB is already stopped
    pmon=`ps -ef | egrep pmon_$ORACLE_SID'\>' | $GREP -v grep`
    if [ "$pmon" = "" ]
    then
        echo "Oracle Database instance $ORACLE_SID is already stopped."
        exit 1
    else

        # Unset the proxy env vars before calling sqlplus
        unset_proxy_vars

        echo "Shutting down Oracle Database instance $ORACLE_SID."
        $SU -s /bin/bash $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$SQLPLUS -s /nolog << EOF
                                                                connect / as sysdba
                                                                shutdown immediate
                                                                exit;
                                                                EOF" > /dev/null 2>&1
        RETVAL=$?
        if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]
        then
            echo "Oracle Database instance $ORACLE_SID shut down."
        fi

        echo "Stopping Oracle Net Listener."
        $SU -s /bin/bash  $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$LSNR stop $LISTENER_NAME" > /dev/null 2>&1
        RETVAL1=$?
        if [ $RETVAL1 -eq 0 ]
        then
            echo "Oracle Net Listener stopped."
        fi
    fi

    echo
    if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && [ $RETVAL1 -eq 0 ]
    then
        return 0
    else
        echo "Failed to stop Oracle Net Listener using $ORACLE_HOME/bin/tnslsnr and Oracle Database using $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus."
        exit 1
    fi
}

# To call DBCA to configure the DB
configure_perform()
{
    # Unset the proxy env vars before calling dbca
    unset_proxy_vars

    echo "Configuring Oracle Database $ORACLE_SID."

#    $SU -s /bin/bash  $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$DBCA -silent -createDatabase -gdbName $ORACLE_SID -templateName $TEMPLATE_NAME -characterSet $CHARSET -createAsContainerDatabase $CREATE_AS_CDB -numberOfPDBs $NUMBER_OF_PDBS -pdbName $PDB_NAME -createListener $LISTENER_NAME:$LISTENER_PORT -datafileDestination $ORACLE_DATA_LOCATION -sid $ORACLE_SID -autoGeneratePasswords -emConfiguration DBEXPRESS -emExpressPort $EM_EXPRESS_PORT"
    $SU -s /bin/bash  $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$DBCA -silent -createDatabase -gdbName $ORACLE_SID -templateName $TEMPLATE_NAME -characterSet $CHARSET -createAsContainerDatabase $CREATE_AS_CDB -createListener $LISTENER_NAME:$LISTENER_PORT -datafileDestination $ORACLE_DATA_LOCATION -sid $ORACLE_SID -autoGeneratePasswords -emConfiguration NONE -automaticMemoryManagement false -redoLogFileSize 100"

    RETVAL=$?

    echo
    if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]
    then
        echo "Database configuration completed successfully. The passwords were auto generated, you must change them by connecting to the database using 'sqlplus / as sysdba' as the oracle user."
        return 0
    else
        echo "Database configuration failed."
        exit 1
    fi
}

# Enh 27965939 - Unsets the proxy env variables
unset_proxy_vars()
{
    if [ "$http_proxy" != "" ]
    then
        unset http_proxy
    fi

    if [ "$HTTP_PROXY" != "" ]
    then
        unset HTTP_PROXY
    fi

    if [ "$https_proxy" != "" ]
    then
        unset https_proxy
    fi

    if [ "$HTTPS_PROXY" != "" ]
    then
        unset HTTPS_PROXY
    fi
}

# Check if the DB is already configured
check_for_configuration()
{
    configfile=`$GREP --no-messages $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME /etc/oratab` > /dev/null 2>&1
    if [ "$configfile" = "" ]
    then
        return 1
    fi
    return 0
}

read_config_file()
{
    if [ -f "$CONFIGURATION" ]
    then
        . "$CONFIGURATION"
    else
        echo "The Oracle Database is not configured. Unable to read the configuration file '$CONFIGURATION'"
        exit 1;
    fi
}

# Entry point to configure the DB
configure()
{
    check_for_configuration
    RETVAL=$?
    if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]
    then
        echo "Oracle Database instance $ORACLE_SID is already configured."
        exit 1
    fi
    read_config_file
    check_port_availability
    check_em_express_port_availability
    configure_perform
}

check_port_availability()
{
    port=`netstat -n --tcp --listen | $GREP :$LISTENER_PORT`
    if [ "$port" != "" ]
    then
        echo "Port $LISTENER_PORT appears to be in use by another application. Specify a different port in the configuration file '$CONFIGURATION'"
        exit 1;
    fi
}

# Validation method to check for port availability for Oracle EM Express
check_em_express_port_availability()
{
    port=`netstat -n --tcp --listen | $GREP :$EM_EXPRESS_PORT`
        if [ "$port" != "" ]
    then
         echo "Port $EM_EXPRESS_PORT appears to be in use by another application. Specify a different Oracle EM Express port in the configuration file '$CONFIGURATION'"
         exit 1;
    fi
}

restart()
{
    # Check if the DB is already stopped
    pmon=`ps -ef | egrep pmon_$ORACLE_SID'\>' | $GREP -v grep`
    if [ "$pmon" = "" ]
    then
        start
    else
        stop
        start
    fi
}

configure_delete()
{
    # Unset the proxy env vars before calling dbca and netca
    unset_proxy_vars
    ORABASE=`$ORACLE_HOME/bin/orabase`
    NETCA_LOG_DIR="$ORABASE/cfgtoollogs/netca"
    LSNR_CONFIG_FILE="$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora"
    if [ ! -d "$NETCA_LOG_DIR" ]
    then
       $SU -s /bin/bash $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$MKDIR_CMD -p $NETCA_LOG_DIR"
    fi
    NETCA_LOG="$NETCA_LOG_DIR/netca_deinst_out.log"

    echo "Detecting existing Listeners..."
    if [ -f "$LSNR_CONFIG_FILE" ]
    then
      NUMBER_OF_LISTENERS=`grep -w "DESCRIPTION_LIST" $LSNR_CONFIG_FILE | wc -l`
      if [ "$NUMBER_OF_LISTENERS" == "1" ]
      then
        echo "Deleting Oracle Listener...."
        $SU -s /bin/bash $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$LSNR  stop $LISTENER_NAME" > /dev/null 2>&1
        $SU -s /bin/bash $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$NETCA /deinst >>$NETCA_LOG"
      else
        if [ "$NUMBER_OF_LISTENERS" != "0" ]
        then
          echo "There were more Listeners detected. Verify and remove them manually so the service can be safely deleted"
          exit
        else
          echo "No Listeners were detected. Proceeding with Database removal"
        fi
      fi
    else
      echo "No Listener configuration file found. Proceeding with Database removal"
    fi

    #Then proceed to remove the database
    echo "Detecting existing Oracle Databases..."
    check_for_configuration
    RETVAL=$?
    if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]
    then
      echo "Deleting Oracle Database $ORACLE_SID."
      $SU -s /bin/bash  $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$DBCA -silent -deleteDatabase -sourceDB $ORACLE_SID -skipSYSDBAPasswordPrompt true"
    else
      echo "The Oracle Database is not configured. You must run '/etc/init.d/oracledb_$ORACLE_SID-@@ configure' as the root user to configure the database"
      exit
    fi
}

case "$1" in
    start)
        start
    ;;
    stop)
        stop
    ;;
    configure)
        configure
    ;;
    delete)
        configure_delete
    ;;
    restart)
        restart
    ;;
    *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|configure|delete}"
        exit 1
    ;;
esac

exit 0
[root@localhost sysconfig]# pwd
/etc/sysconfig
[root@localhost sysconfig]# more oracledb_jycdb-19c.conf 
#This is a configuration file to setup the Oracle Database. 
#It is used when running '/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB configure'.
#Please use this file to modify the default listener port and the
#Oracle data location.

# LISTENER_PORT: Database listener
LISTENER_PORT=1521

# ORACLE_DATA_LOCATION: Database oradata location
ORACLE_DATA_LOCATION=/opt/oracle/oradata

# EM_EXPRESS_PORT: Oracle EM Express listener
EM_EXPRESS_PORT=5500

 

连接数据库:

配置环境变量：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ pwd
/home/oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ more .bash_profile 
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
#export LANG=zh_CN.gb18030
export NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss"
export PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
export PATH=${PATH}:$ORACLE_BASE/common/oracle/bin:/home/oracle/run
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export THREADS_FLAG=native
export TEMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
umask 022
export TMOUT=0

alias s="sqlplus / as sysdba"

[oracle@localhost ~]$ s

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Apr 28 09:06:09 2019
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL> set line 132 wrap off
SQL> show parameter name;

NAME                                 TYPE                   VALUE
------------------------------------ ---------------------- ------------------------------
cdb_cluster_name                     string
cell_offloadgroup_name               string
db_file_name_convert                 string
db_name                              string                 ORCLCDB
db_unique_name                       string                 ORCLCDB
global_names                         boolean                FALSE
instance_name                        string                 ORCLCDB
lock_name_space                      string
log_file_name_convert                string
pdb_file_name_convert                string
processor_group_name                 string

NAME                                 TYPE                   VALUE
------------------------------------ ---------------------- ------------------------------
service_names                        string                 ORCLCDB
SQL> !lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 28-APR-2019 09:06:32

Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date                28-APR-2019 08:42:36
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 23 min. 56 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/opt/oracle/admin/ORCLCDB/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service "878d9b566bd44aede055000000000001" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCLCDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCLCDBXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclpdb1" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

SQL>