Android-传感器-计步

参考文章：http://www.jianshu.com/p/5d57f7fd84fa
本文对原文计步项目进行了精简，移除了进程服务和计时、守护进程、数据库保存等等，方便扩展功能。

本文源码：https://github.com/lioilwin/StepOrient
Android4.4以上版本，有些手机有计步传感器可以直接使用，
而有些手机没有，但有加速度传感器，也可以实现计步功能(需要计算加速度波峰波谷来判断人走一步)！

一.调用

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements StepSensorBase.StepCallBack{
	.........
    @Override
    public void Step(int stepNum) {
        //  计步回调
        stepText.setText("步数:" + stepNum);
    }
    
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);     
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        stepText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.step_text);
        
        // 开启计步监听, 分为加速度传感器、或计步传感器
        stepSensor = new StepSensorPedometer(this, this);
        if (!stepSensor.registerStep()) {
	        Toast.makeText(this, "计步传传感器不可用！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            stepSensor = new StepSensorAcceleration(this, this);
            if (!stepSensor.registerStep()) {
                Toast.makeText(this, "加速度传感器不可用！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    }
    .......
 }
 
 /**
 * 计步传感器抽象类，子类分为加速度传感器、或计步传感器
 */
public abstract class StepSensorBase implements SensorEventListener {
    private Context context;
    protected StepCallBack stepCallBack;
    protected SensorManager sensorManager;
    protected static int CURRENT_SETP = 0;
    protected boolean isAvailable = false;

    public StepSensorBase(Context context, StepCallBack stepCallBack) {
        this.context = context;
        this.stepCallBack = stepCallBack;
    }

    public interface StepCallBack {
        /**
         * 计步回调
         */
        void Step(int stepNum);
    }

    /**
     * 开启计步
     */
    public boolean registerStep() {
        if (sensorManager != null) {
            sensorManager.unregisterListener(this);
            sensorManager = null;
        }
        sensorManager = SensorUtil.getInstance().getSensorManager(context);
        registerStepListener();
        return isAvailable;
    }

    /**
     * 注册计步监听器
     */
    protected abstract void registerStepListener();

    /**
     * 注销计步监听器
     */
    public abstract void unregisterStep();
}
 

二.直接使用计步传感器实现计步

/**
 * 计步传感器
 */
public class StepSensorPedometer extends StepSensorBase {
    private final String TAG = "StepSensorPedometer";
    private int lastStep = -1;
    private int liveStep = 0;
    private int increment = 0;
    private int sensorMode = 0; // 计步传感器类型

    public StepSensorPedometer(Context context, StepCallBack stepCallBack) {
        super(context, stepCallBack);
    }

    @Override
    protected void registerStepListener() {
        Sensor detectorSensor = sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_STEP_DETECTOR);
        Sensor countSensor = sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_STEP_COUNTER);
        if (sensorManager.registerListener(this, detectorSensor, SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_GAME)) {
            isAvailable = true;
            sensorMode = 0;
            Log.i(TAG, "计步传感器Detector可用！");
        } else if (sensorManager.registerListener(this, countSensor, SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_GAME)) {
            isAvailable = true;
            sensorMode = 1;
            Log.i(TAG, "计步传感器Counter可用！");
        } else {
            isAvailable = false;
            Log.i(TAG, "计步传感器不可用！");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void unregisterStep() {
        sensorManager.unregisterListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent event) {
        liveStep = (int) event.values[0];
        if (sensorMode == 0) {
            Log.i(TAG, "Detector步数："+liveStep);
            StepSensorBase.CURRENT_SETP += liveStep;
        } else if (sensorMode == 1) {
            Log.i(TAG, "Counter步数："+liveStep);
            StepSensorBase.CURRENT_SETP = liveStep;
        }
        stepCallBack.Step(StepSensorBase.CURRENT_SETP);
    }

    @Override
    public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int accuracy) {
    }
}

三.使用加速度传感器实现计步

/**
 * 加速度传感器
 */
public class StepSensorAcceleration extends StepSensorBase {
    private final String TAG = "StepSensorAcceleration";
    //存放三轴数据
    final int valueNum = 5;
    //用于存放计算阈值的波峰波谷差值
    float[] tempValue = new float[valueNum];
    int tempCount = 0;
    //是否上升的标志位
    boolean isDirectionUp = false;
    //持续上升次数
    int continueUpCount = 0;
    //上一点的持续上升的次数，为了记录波峰的上升次数
    int continueUpFormerCount = 0;
    //上一点的状态，上升还是下降
    boolean lastStatus = false;
    //波峰值
    float peakOfWave = 0;
    //波谷值
    float valleyOfWave = 0;
    //此次波峰的时间
    long timeOfThisPeak = 0;
    //上次波峰的时间
    long timeOfLastPeak = 0;
    //当前的时间
    long timeOfNow = 0;
    //当前传感器的值
    float gravityNew = 0;
    //上次传感器的值
    float gravityOld = 0;
    //动态阈值需要动态的数据，这个值用于这些动态数据的阈值
    final float initialValue = (float) 1.7;
    //初始阈值
    float ThreadValue = (float) 2.0;

    //初始范围
    float minValue = 11f;
    float maxValue = 19.6f;

    /**
     * 0-准备计时   1-计时中  2-正常计步中
     */
    private int CountTimeState = 0;
    public static int TEMP_STEP = 0;
    private int lastStep = -1;
    //用x、y、z轴三个维度算出的平均值
    public static float average = 0;
    private Timer timer;
    // 倒计时3.5秒，3.5秒内不会显示计步，用于屏蔽细微波动
    private long duration = 3500;
    private TimeCount time;

    public StepSensorAcceleration(Context context, StepCallBack stepCallBack) {
        super(context, stepCallBack);
    }

    @Override
    protected void registerStepListener() {
        // 注册加速度传感器
        isAvailable = sensorManager.registerListener(this, sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER),
                SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_GAME);
        if (isAvailable) {
            Log.i(TAG, "加速度传感器可用！");
        } else {
            Log.i(TAG, "加速度传感器不可用！");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void unregisterStep() {
        sensorManager.unregisterListener(this);
    }

    public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor arg0, int arg1) {
    }

    public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent event) {
        Sensor sensor = event.sensor;
        synchronized (this) {
            if (sensor.getType() == Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER) {
                calc_step(event);
            }
        }
    }

    synchronized private void calc_step(SensorEvent event) {
        average = (float) Math.sqrt(Math.pow(event.values[0], 2)
                + Math.pow(event.values[1], 2) + Math.pow(event.values[2], 2));
        detectorNewStep(average);
    }

    /*
     * 检测步子，并开始计步
	 * 1.传入sersor中的数据
	 * 2.如果检测到了波峰，并且符合时间差以及阈值的条件，则判定为1步
	 * 3.符合时间差条件，波峰波谷差值大于initialValue，则将该差值纳入阈值的计算中
	 * */
    public void detectorNewStep(float values) {
        if (gravityOld == 0) {
            gravityOld = values;
        } else {
            if (DetectorPeak(values, gravityOld)) {
                timeOfLastPeak = timeOfThisPeak;
                timeOfNow = System.currentTimeMillis();

                if (timeOfNow - timeOfLastPeak >= 200
                        && (peakOfWave - valleyOfWave >= ThreadValue) && (timeOfNow - timeOfLastPeak) <= 2000) {
                    timeOfThisPeak = timeOfNow;
                    //更新界面的处理，不涉及到算法
                    preStep();
                }
                if (timeOfNow - timeOfLastPeak >= 200
                        && (peakOfWave - valleyOfWave >= initialValue)) {
                    timeOfThisPeak = timeOfNow;
                    ThreadValue = Peak_Valley_Thread(peakOfWave - valleyOfWave);
                }
            }
        }
        gravityOld = values;
    }

    private void preStep() {
//        if (CountTimeState == 0) {
//            // 开启计时器
//            time = new TimeCount(duration, 700);
//            time.start();
//            CountTimeState = 1;
//            Log.v(TAG, "开启计时器");
//        } else if (CountTimeState == 1) {
//            TEMP_STEP++;
//            Log.v(TAG, "计步中 TEMP_STEP:" + TEMP_STEP);
//        } else if (CountTimeState == 2) {
        StepSensorBase.CURRENT_SETP++;
//            if (stepCallBack != null) {
        stepCallBack.Step(StepSensorBase.CURRENT_SETP);
//            }
//        }

    }


    /*
     * 检测波峰
     * 以下四个条件判断为波峰：
     * 1.目前点为下降的趋势：isDirectionUp为false
     * 2.之前的点为上升的趋势：lastStatus为true
     * 3.到波峰为止，持续上升大于等于2次
     * 4.波峰值大于1.2g,小于2g
     * 记录波谷值
     * 1.观察波形图，可以发现在出现步子的地方，波谷的下一个就是波峰，有比较明显的特征以及差值
     * 2.所以要记录每次的波谷值，为了和下次的波峰做对比
     * */
    public boolean DetectorPeak(float newValue, float oldValue) {
        lastStatus = isDirectionUp;
        if (newValue >= oldValue) {
            isDirectionUp = true;
            continueUpCount++;
        } else {
            continueUpFormerCount = continueUpCount;
            continueUpCount = 0;
            isDirectionUp = false;
        }

//        Log.v(TAG, "oldValue:" + oldValue);
        if (!isDirectionUp && lastStatus
                && (continueUpFormerCount >= 2 && (oldValue >= minValue && oldValue < maxValue))) {
            peakOfWave = oldValue;
            return true;
        } else if (!lastStatus && isDirectionUp) {
            valleyOfWave = oldValue;
            return false;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /*
     * 阈值的计算
     * 1.通过波峰波谷的差值计算阈值
     * 2.记录4个值，存入tempValue[]数组中
     * 3.在将数组传入函数averageValue中计算阈值
     * */
    public float Peak_Valley_Thread(float value) {
        float tempThread = ThreadValue;
        if (tempCount < valueNum) {
            tempValue[tempCount] = value;
            tempCount++;
        } else {
            tempThread = averageValue(tempValue, valueNum);
            for (int i = 1; i < valueNum; i++) {
                tempValue[i - 1] = tempValue[i];
            }
            tempValue[valueNum - 1] = value;
        }
        return tempThread;

    }

    /*
     * 梯度化阈值
     * 1.计算数组的均值
     * 2.通过均值将阈值梯度化在一个范围里
     * */
    public float averageValue(float value[], int n) {
        float ave = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            ave += value[i];
        }
        ave = ave / valueNum;
        if (ave >= 8) {
//            Log.v(TAG, "超过8");
            ave = (float) 4.3;
        } else if (ave >= 7 && ave < 8) {
//            Log.v(TAG, "7-8");
            ave = (float) 3.3;
        } else if (ave >= 4 && ave < 7) {
//            Log.v(TAG, "4-7");
            ave = (float) 2.3;
        } else if (ave >= 3 && ave < 4) {
//            Log.v(TAG, "3-4");
            ave = (float) 2.0;
        } else {
//            Log.v(TAG, "else");
            ave = (float) 1.7;
        }
        return ave;
    }

    class TimeCount extends CountDownTimer {
        public TimeCount(long millisInFuture, long countDownInterval) {
            super(millisInFuture, countDownInterval);
        }

        @Override
        public void onFinish() {
            // 如果计时器正常结束，则开始计步
            time.cancel();
            StepSensorBase.CURRENT_SETP += TEMP_STEP;
            lastStep = -1;
            Log.v(TAG, "计时正常结束");

            timer = new Timer(true);
            TimerTask task = new TimerTask() {
                public void run() {
                    if (lastStep == StepSensorBase.CURRENT_SETP) {
                        timer.cancel();
                        CountTimeState = 0;
                        lastStep = -1;
                        TEMP_STEP = 0;
                        Log.v(TAG, "停止计步：" + StepSensorBase.CURRENT_SETP);
                    } else {
                        lastStep = StepSensorBase.CURRENT_SETP;
                    }
                }
            };
            timer.schedule(task, 0, 2000);
            CountTimeState = 2;
        }

        @Override
        public void onTick(long millisUntilFinished) {
            if (lastStep == TEMP_STEP) {
                Log.v(TAG, "onTick 计时停止:" + TEMP_STEP);
                time.cancel();
                CountTimeState = 0;
                lastStep = -1;
                TEMP_STEP = 0;
            } else {
                lastStep = TEMP_STEP;
            }
        }
    }
}

简书: http://www.jianshu.com/p/6b05b1b8603e
CSDN博客: http://blog.csdn.net/qq_32115439/article/details/61619644
GitHub博客：http://lioil.win/2017/03/12/Android-Step.html
Coding博客：http://c.lioil.win/2017/03/12/Android-Step.html