PythonTkinter模块

可以编写出带页面的程序，不过由于界面不够美化一般都是安装程序中用到这些，仅仅对每个控件进行代码演示。

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Tkinter主体：

import tkinter

# 创建主窗口


win = tkinter.Tk()

# 设置窗口标题


win.title("sunck")

# 设置窗口大小与位置


win.geometry("400x400+200+0")

# 进入消息循环

# 

程序运行起来


win.mainloop()

label控件

import tkinter

win = tkinter.Tk()

win.title("sunck")

win.geometry("400x400+200+0")

# win表示主窗体


# text：文本内容


# bg：背景颜色


# fg：字体颜色

# font：字体型号与大小


# anchor：位置  N  NE  E  SE  S  SW  W  NW  CENTER


# width：空间宽度


# wraplength：指定text中文本多少宽度后开始换行

# justify：text中多行文本的对齐方式

l = tkinter.Label(win, text="sunckisagoodman", bg="pink", fg="red", font=("Arial",12), anchor=tkinter.SW, width=10, height=3, wraplength = 30, justify="right")

# 显示控件


l.pack()

win.mainloop()

button控件

import tkinter

def func():

     print("sunck is a good man")

win = tkinter.Tk()

win.title("sunck")

win.geometry("400x400+200+0")

# 创建按钮


# 显示窗口


# 文本


# 点击按钮响应的方法


button=tkinter.Button(win, text="按钮", width=10, height=10, command=func)

button.pack()

button1=tkinter.Button(win, text="按钮1", command=lambda :print("sunck is a nice man"))

button1.pack()

win.mainloop()

entry控件

import tkinter

win = tkinter.Tk()

win.title("sunck")

win.geometry("400x400+200+0")

# 绑定变量


var = tkinter.Variable()

e = tkinter.Entry(win, textvariable=var, show="*")

e.pack()

# 设置文本框中的值


var.set("sunck is a good man")

# 获取文本框中的值


print(var.get())

print(e.get())

win.mainloop()

 

5、点击button将entry上的内容打印出来

import tkinter

def func():

     print(ve.get())

win = tkinter.Tk()

win.title("sunck")

win.geometry("400x400+200+0")

ve = tkinter.Variable()

e = tkinter.Entry(win, textvariable=ve)

e.pack()

button=tkinter.Button(win, text="显示", command=func)

button.pack()

win.mainloop()

6、text控件

import tkinter

win = tkinter.Tk()

win.title("sunck")

win.geometry("400x400+200+0")

#height：控制显示行数

t = tkinter.Text(win, width=30, height=4)

t.pack()

# t.pack(side=tkinter.LEFT, fill=tkinter.Y) #滚动条写法

info = """HAMLET: To be, or not to be--that is the question:

Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer

The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune

Or to take arms against a sea of troubles

And by opposing end them. To die, to sleep--

No more--and by a sleep to say we end

The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks

That flesh is heir to. 'Tis a consummation

Devoutly to be wished."""

#插入

t.insert(tkinter.INSERT, info)

win.mainloop()

7、带滚动条的text

import tkinter

win = tkinter.Tk()

win.title("sunck")

# win.geometry("400x400+200+0")

s = tkinter.Scrollbar()

s.pack(side=tkinter.RIGHT, fill=tkinter.Y)

t = tkinter.Text(win, width=30, height=4)

t.pack(side=tkinter.LEFT, fill=tkinter.Y)

s.config(command=t.yview)

t.config(yscrollcommand=s.set)

info = """HAMLET: To be, or not to be--that is the question:

Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer

The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune

Or to take arms against a sea of troubles

And by opposing end them. To die, to sleep--

No more--and by a sleep to say we end

The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks

That flesh is heir to. 'Tis a consummation

Devoutly to be wished."""

t.insert(tkinter.INSERT, info)

win.mainloop()

8、CheckButton多选框控件

from tkinter import *

def updata():

    message = ""

    if hobby1.get() == 1:

        message += "Your Hobby is 1\n"

    if hobby2.get() == 1:

        message += "Your Hobby is 2\n"

    if hobby3.get() == 1:

        message += "Your Hobby is 3\n"

    txt.delete(0.0, END)#全部删除txt内容

    txt.insert(0.0, message)

win = Tk()

win.title("sunck")

label=Label(win,text = "Please check")

label.pack()

hobby1 = BooleanVar()

checkb1 = Checkbutton(win,text = "hobby1",variable = hobby1,command = updata)

checkb1.pack()

hobby2 = BooleanVar()

checkb2 = Checkbutton(win,text = "hobby2",variable = hobby2,command = updata)

checkb2.pack()

 

hobby3 = BooleanVar()

checkb3 = Checkbutton(win,text = "hobby3",variable = hobby3,command = updata)

checkb3.pack()

txt = Text(win,width = 50,height = 5,wrap = WORD)

txt.pack()

win.mainloop()

9、RadioButton单选框控件

from tkinter import *

def updata():

    print(v.get())

win = Tk()

win.title("sunck")

win.geometry("400x400+200+0")

v = IntVar()

Radiobutton(win, text="One", variable=v, value=1, command=updata).pack()

Radiobutton(win, text="Two", variable=v, value=2, command=updata).pack()

mainloop() 

10、Listbox控件基本使用

from tkinter import *

win = Tk()

win.title("sunck")

# win.geometry("400x400+200+0")

# 1、创建一个Listbox，向其中添加三个item

# lb = Listbox(win, selectmode = BROWSE)

# for item in ['good', 'nice', 'handsom', "grace", "noble", "sense"]:

#     #按顺序向后添加

#     lb.insert(END, item)

# lb.pack()

# 在开始添加

# lb.insert(ACTIVE, "cool")

# 只添加一项将[]作为一个item

# lb.insert(END,["1","2","3"])

# 删除  第一个为开始的索引值；第二个为结束的索引值，如果不指定则只删除第一个索引项

# lb.delete(1,3)

# lb.delete(1)

# 选中函数，selection_set函数有两个参数第一个为开始的索引；第二个为结束的索引，如果不指定则只选中第一个参数指定的索引项

# lb.select_set(2, 4)

# 取消选中

# lb.select_clear(2,4)

# 得到当前Listbox中的item个数

# print(lb.size())

# 返回指定索引的项，参数第一个为开始的索引；第二个为结束的索引，如果不指定则只选中第一个参数指定的索引项

# print(lb.get(1, 3))

# print(lb.get(1))

# 返回当前返回的项的索引，不是item的值

# print(lb.curselection())

# 判断 一个项是否被选中，使用索引

# print(lb.selection_includes(2))

# print(lb.selection_includes(5))

# 2、与BROWSE相似 的为SINGLE，但不支持鼠标移动选中位置

# v = StringVar()

# lb = Listbox(win, selectmode = SINGLE, listvariable=v)

# for item in ['good', 'nice', 'handsom']:

#     lb.insert(END, item)

# lb.pack()

# 打印当前列表中的项值

# print(v.get())

# 改变v的值,使用tuple可以与item对应

# v.set(('1000','200'))

# 事件绑定

# def printList(event):

#     print(lb.get(lb.curselection()))

# lb.bind('',printList)

# 3、使用selectmode  = EXPANDED使用Listbox来支持Shift和Control

# lb = Listbox(win, selectmode = EXTENDED)

# for item in ['good', 'nice', 'handsom', "grace", "noble", "sense", 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]:

#     lb.insert(END, item)

# lb.pack()

# # 运行程序，点中“python"，shift + 点击"widget"，会选中所有的item

# # 运行程序，点中"python"，control + 点击"widget"，会选中python和widget，第二项tkinter处于非选中状态

# # 滚动条控件

# # 当内容超过可视化区域时使用，如列表框

# scrl = Scrollbar(win)

# scrl.pack(side=RIGHT,fill=Y)

# # 指定Listbox的yscrollbar的回调函数为Scrollbar的set，表示滚动条在窗口变化时实时更新

# lb.configure(yscrollcommand=scrl.set)

# lb.pack(side=LEFT,fill=BOTH)

# # # 指定Scrollbar的command的回调函数是Listbar的yview

# scrl['command'] = lb.yview

# 4、创建一个可以多选的Listbox,使用属性selectmaod

lb = Listbox(win, selectmode = MULTIPLE, )

for item in ['good', 'nice', 'handsom']:

    lb.insert(END, item)

lb.pack()

win.mainloop()

11、Scale控件

# Tkinter 中的 Scale 控件是一种可供用户通过拖动指示器改变变量值的控件. 这种控件可以水平放置, 也可以竖直放置

from tkinter import *

win = Tk()

win.title("sunck")

win.geometry("400x400+200+0")

# 竖

# from起始值

# to结束值

# tickinterval选择值将会变为该数值的倍数

# length 竖直时为高度，水平是为长度

scale1 = Scale(win, from_=0, to=40, tickinterval=8, length=300)

scale1.pack()

#默认值为起始值，可以通过set赋值

scale1.set(20)

# 获取值

# def show():

#     print(scale1.get())

# Button(win, text="show", command=show).pack()

#横 orient=HORIZONTAL

# scale2 = Scale(win, from_=0, to=200, orient=HORIZONTAL)

# scale2.pack()

win.mainloop()

12、Spinbox控件

from tkinter import *

win = Tk()

win.title("sunck")

win.geometry("400x400+200+0")

def change():

    print(v.get())

v = StringVar()

# from_：最小值

# to：最大值

# increment：步长

# values:每次更新值将使用values指定的值，不要和from_与to同时使用values=(0,2,4,6,8)

sp = Spinbox(win, from_=0, to=100, increment=1, textvariable=v, command=change)

sp.pack()

#设置值

v.set(20)

#取值

print(v.get())

win.mainloop()

13、Menu顶层菜单

from tkinter import *

def callback():

    print("sunck is a good man")

win = Tk()

win.title("sunck")

win.geometry("400x400+200+0")

menubar = Menu(win)

win.config(menu=menubar)

 

filemenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=False)

for item in ['Python', 'PHP', 'CPP', 'C', 'Java', 'JavaScript', 'VBScript', "退出"]:

    if item == "退出":

        filemenu.add_separator()

        filemenu.add_command(label=item, command=win.quit)

    else:

        filemenu.add_command(label=item, command=callback)

filemenu2 = Menu(menubar, tearoff=False)

#accelerator快捷键

filemenu2.add_command(label="颜色设置", command=callback, accelerator='Ctrl+N')

filemenu2.add_command(label="字体设置")

menubar.add_cascade(label="语言", menu=filemenu)

menubar.add_cascade(label="设置", menu=filemenu2)

win.mainloop()

14、Menu右键菜单

from tkinter import *

win = Tk()

win.title("sunck")

win.geometry("400x400+200+0")

menubar = Menu(win)

def callback():

    print('sunck is a good man')

filemenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)

for k in ['Python', 'PHP', 'CPP', 'C', 'Java', 'JavaScript', 'VBScript']:

    filemenu.add_command(label=k, command=callback)

    filemenu.add_separator()

menubar.add_cascade(label='语言', menu=filemenu)

def popup(event):

    menubar.post(event.x_root, event.y_root)

win.bind('', popup)

win.mainloop()

15、Frame控件

import tkinter

win = tkinter.Tk()

win.title("sunck")

win.geometry("400x400+200+0")

tkinter.Label(win, text="frame", bg="red", font=("Arial",15)).pack()

frm = tkinter.Frame(win)

frm.pack()

# #left

frm_L = tkinter.Frame(frm)

tkinter.Label(frm_L, text="左上", bg="pink", font=("Arial",12)).pack(side=tkinter.TOP)

tkinter.Label(frm_L, text="左下", bg="green", font=("Arial",12)).pack(side=tkinter.TOP)

frm_L.pack(side=tkinter.LEFT)

#right

frm_R = tkinter.Frame(frm)

tkinter.Label(frm_R, text="右上", bg="yellow", font=("Arial",12)).pack(side=tkinter.TOP)

tkinter.Label(frm_R, text="右下", bg="purple", font=("Arial",12)).pack(side=tkinter.TOP)

frm_R.pack(side=tkinter.RIGHT)

win.mainloop()

16、Combobox下拉控件

import tkinter

from tkinter import ttk

def func(*args):

    # 当前选中的值

    print(comboxlist.get())

win = tkinter.Tk()

win.title("sunck")

win.geometry("400x400+200+0")

var = tkinter.StringVar()

comboxlist = ttk.Combobox(win, textvariable = var)

# 设置下拉数据

comboxlist["value"] = ("1","2","3","4","5")

# 默认现实的值的下标

comboxlist.current(0)

# 绑定事件

comboxlist.bind("<>", func)

comboxlist.pack()

win.mainloop()

17、表格数据

import tkinter

from  tkinter import ttk

win=tkinter.Tk()

win.title("sunck")

win.geometry("800x400+200+0")

#表格

tree=ttk.Treeview(win)

tree.pack()

#表示列,不显示

tree["columns"]=("name","age","height")

tree.column("name",width=100)

tree.column("age",width=100)

tree.column("height",width=100)

#显示表头

tree.heading("name",text="姓名")

tree.heading("age",text="年龄")

tree.heading("height",text="身高")

# #插入行

tree.insert("",0,text="line1" ,values=("1","2","3"))

tree.insert("",1,text="line2" ,values=("1","2","3"))

tree.insert("",2,text="line3" ,values=("1","2","3"))

tree.insert("",3,text="line4" ,values=("1","2","3"))

win.mainloop()

18、树状数据

import tkinter

from tkinter import ttk

win=tkinter.Tk()

win.title("sunck")

win.geometry("400x400+200+0")

tree=ttk.Treeview(win)

tree.pack()

#一级树枝

treeF1=tree.insert("",0,"中国",text="中国CHI",values=("F1"))

treeF2=tree.insert("",1,"美国",text="美国USA",values=("F2"))

treeF3=tree.insert("",2,"英国",text="英国ENG",values=("F3"))

#二级树枝

threeF1_1=tree.insert(treeF1,0,"黑龙江",text="中国黑龙江",values=("F1_1"))

threeF1_2=tree.insert(treeF1,1,"吉林",text="中国吉林",values=("F1_2"))

threeF1_3=tree.insert(treeF1,2,"辽宁",text="中国辽宁",values=("F1_3"))

threeF1_4=tree.insert(treeF1,3,"北京",text="中国北京",values=("F1_4"))

threeF2_1=tree.insert(treeF2,0,"黑龙江1",text="美国黑龙江",values=("F2_1"))

threeF2_2=tree.insert(treeF2,1,"吉林1",text="美国吉林",values=("F2_2"))

threeF2_3=tree.insert(treeF2,2,"辽宁1",text="美国辽宁",values=("F2_3"))

threeF2_4=tree.insert(treeF2,3,"北京1",text="美国北京",values=("F2_4"))

threeF3_1=tree.insert(treeF3,0,"黑龙江2",text="英国黑龙江",values=("F3_1"))

threeF3_2=tree.insert(treeF3,1,"吉林2",text="英国吉林",values=("F3_2"))

threeF3_3=tree.insert(treeF3,2,"辽宁2",text="英国辽宁",values=("F3_3"))

threeF3_4=tree.insert(treeF3,3,"北京2",text="英国北京",values=("F3_4"))

#三级树枝

threeF1_1_1=tree.insert(threeF1_1,0,"哈尔滨",text="黑龙江哈尔滨",values=("F1_1_1_1"))

threeF1_1_2=tree.insert(threeF1_1,1,"五常",text="黑龙江五常",values=("F1_1_1_2"))

threeF1_1_3=tree.insert(threeF1_1,2,"山河",text="黑龙江山河",values=("F1_1_1_3"))

win.mainloop()

19、绝对布局

import tkinter

win=tkinter.Tk()

win.title("sunck")

win.geometry("400x400+200+0")

label1=tkinter.Label(win,text="good",bg="blue")

label2=tkinter.Label(win,text="nice",bg="yellow")

label3=tkinter.Label(win,text="handsome",bg="red")

# 绝对布局，窗口变化不影响

label1.place(x=10, y=10)

label2.place(x=50, y=50)

label3.place(x=100, y=100)

# label1.place(x=10,y=10,anchor=tkinter.NW)

# #输入N，距离N10，W靠近，输入W，距离W10 ，N靠近

# #输入NW，N，W都距离10

# label2.place(x=10,y=10,anchor=tkinter.NW)

# label3.place(x=10,y=300,anchor=tkinter.W)

win.mainloop()

20、相对布局

import tkinter

win=tkinter.Tk()

win.title("sunck")

win.geometry("400x400+200+0")

label1=tkinter.Label(win,text="good",bg="blue")

label2=tkinter.Label(win,text="nice",bg="yellow")

label3=tkinter.Label(win,text="handsome",bg="red")

# fill窗口变化Y方向同步变化  X  Y  BOTH

label1.pack(fill=tkinter.Y, side=tkinter.LEFT)

# side:贴边  TOP  BOTTOM  CENTER   LEFT  RIGHT

label2.pack(fill=tkinter.X, side=tkinter.TOP)

label3.pack()

win.mainloop()

21、表格布局

import tkinter

win=tkinter.Tk()

win.title("sunck")

win.geometry("400x400+200+0")

label1=tkinter.Label(win,text="good",bg="blue")

label2=tkinter.Label(win,text="nice",bg="yellow")

label3=tkinter.Label(win,text="handsom",bg="red")

label4=tkinter.Label(win,text="nobo",bg="green")

#表格

label1.grid(row=0,column=0)

label2.grid(row=0,column=1)

label3.grid(row=1,column=0)

label4.grid(row=1,column=1)

win.mainloop()

22、鼠标点击事件

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

def printCoords(event):

    print(event.x,event.y)

bt1 = Button(root,text = 'leftmost button')

bt1.bind('',printCoords)

bt2 = Button(root,text = 'middle button')

bt2.bind('',printCoords)

bt3 = Button(root,text = 'rightmost button')

bt3.bind('',printCoords)

bt4 = Button(root,text = 'double click')

bt4.bind('',printCoords)

bt5 = Button(root, text = 'triple click')

bt5.bind('',printCoords)

bt1.pack()

bt2.pack()

bt3.pack()

bt4.pack()

bt5.pack()

root.mainloop()

23、鼠标移动事件

#测试鼠标的移动事件

#鼠标移动事件，x=[1,2,3]分别表示左中右鼠标操作

from tkinter import *

 

win = Tk()

def printCoords(event):

    print(event.x,event.y)

bt1 = Button(win,text = 'leftmost button')

bt1.bind('',printCoords)

bt2 = Button(win,text = 'middle button')

bt2.bind('',printCoords)

bt3 = Button(win,text = 'rightmost button')

bt3.bind('',printCoords)

bt1.grid()

bt2.grid()

bt3.grid()

win.bind('',printCoords)

win.mainloop()

24、鼠标释放事件

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

def printCoords(event):

    print(event.x,event.y)

bt1 = Button(root,text = 'leftmost button')

bt1.bind('',printCoords)

bt2 = Button(root,text = 'middle button')

bt2.bind('',printCoords)

bt3 = Button(root,text = 'rightmost button')

bt3.bind('',printCoords)

bt1.grid()

bt2.grid()

bt3.grid()

root.mainloop()

25、进入事件

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

def printCoords(event):

    print(event.x,event.y)

bt1 = Button(root,text = 'leftmost button')

bt1.bind('',printCoords)

bt1.grid()

root.mainloop()

26、离开事件

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

def printCoords(event):

    print(event.x,event.y)

bt1 = Button(root,text = 'leftmost button')

bt1.bind('',printCoords)

bt1.grid()

root.mainloop()

27、响应特殊按键事件

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

def printCoords(event):

    print('event.char = ',event.char)

    print('event.keycode = ',event.keycode)

bt1 = Button(root,text = 'Press BackSpace')

bt1.bind('',printCoords)

bt2 = Button(root,text = 'Press Enter')

bt2.bind('',printCoords)

bt3 = Button(root,text = 'F5')

bt3.bind('',printCoords)

bt4 = Button(root,text = 'Left Shift')

bt4.bind('',printCoords)

bt5 = Button(root,text = 'Right Shift')

bt5.bind('',printCoords)

bt1.focus_set()

bt1.grid()

bt2.grid()

bt3.grid()

bt4.grid()

bt5.grid()

root.mainloop()

28、响应所有时间按键事件

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

def printCoords(event):

    print('event.char = ',event.char)

    print('event.keycode = ',event.keycode)

bt1 = Button(root,text = 'Press BackSpace')

bt1.bind('',printCoords)

bt1.focus_set()

bt1.grid()

root.mainloop()

29、指定按键事件

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

def printCoords(event):

    print('event.char = ',event.char)

    print('event.keycode = ',event.keycode)

bt1 = Button(root,text = 'Press BackSpace')

bt1.bind('a',printCoords)

bt1.focus_set()

bt1.grid()

root.mainloop()

30、组合按键事件

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

def printCoords(event):

    print('event.char = ',event.char)

    print('event.keycode = ',event.keycode)

bt1 = Button(root,text = 'Press Shift - Up')

bt1.bind('',printCoords)

 

bt2 = Button(root,text = 'Control-Alt-a')

bt2.bind('',printCoords)

bt3 = Button(root,text = 'Control-Alt')

bt3.bind('',printCoords)

bt1.focus_set()

bt1.grid()

bt2.grid()

root.mainloop()