day31 网络

1.协议:传输规则

  • 网络层:核心,进行数据分组分发
  • 传输层·:tcp,udp
  • 以IP地址找到计算机,以端口号找到需要的服务
  • 192.168是局域网开头,127.0.0.1是本机地址
  • ping检测是否连通,ipconfig命令查看详细网络信息
  • 端口是两个字节(0-65535)1024之前端口已经被系统占用
  • 网址默认会跟80端口:www.baidu.com:80

2.InetAddress

InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress();
InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostName();
InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");通过地址获得对象
获得本机InetAddress,getHostAddress或本机地址
getHostName获本机名称

3.udp

  • 不怕丢数据时候使用,不需要确认接收端是否存在
  • 限制64kb之内
  • packet是包裹,socket是码头
接收端

public class ReceivePacket {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        byte[] data = new byte[1024];一般写1024*64
        DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(data, data.length);
        DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket(6000);
                 receive有等待特性       
                ds.receive(dp);
             getAddress获取发送的地址对象
        String ip = dp.getAddress().getHostAddress();
        int port = dp.getPort();
        int length = dp.getLength();此处确定长度避免浪费
        System.out.println(new String(data, 0, length) + ip + length);
        ds.close();
    }
}
-------------------------------
发送端
public class SendPacket {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
     byte[] data = "你好world".getBytes();
         DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(data, data.length,
         InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 6000);
         DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket();
         ds.send(dp);
         ds.close();
    }
}

3.tcp

  • scanner中nextline是一行为结束,next则是空格就会接收不到
  • udp不区分发送接收端,tcp则区别
  • 提供数据的则是服务器
  • tcp服务器等待客户端链接,不会主动链接
  • 在new好同路传输,io流对象就已经创建好
客户端上传照片
客户端
public class TCPClient {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8888);
        OutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream();
              获取同路链接通时候已经存在的流对象,
            不能自己创建只能用已经有的socket包装的对象
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(
                "C:\\Users\\Desktop\\t.jpg");
                int len = 0;
                byte[] data = new byte[1024];
              while ((len = fis.read(data)) != -1) {
            out.write(data, 0, len);
        }
        socket.shutdownOutput();
            在上传完成告诉服务器已经传完,
            否则服务器的InputStream 对象read方法一直会读取
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        len = inputStream.read(data);
        System.out.println(new String(data, 0, len));
        fis.close();
        socket.close();
    }

}
------------------
服务器以多线程处理客户端
public class TCPSever {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket ser = new ServerSocket(8888);
        while (true) {
            Socket socket = ser.accept();
客户端socket只能接受为了获取input和output流对象
                     接受一个socket开一个线程
            new Thread( new TCPThreadRun(socket)).start();
        }

    }
----
public class TCPThreadRun implements Runnable{

    private Socket socket;
    public TCPThreadRun (Socket socket) {
        this.socket=socket;
    }
    public void run() {
        try{
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        File file = new File("C:\\Users\\Desktop\\a");
        if (!file.exists()) {
            file.mkdirs();
        }
        String filename = "itcast" + System.currentTimeMillis()
                + new Random().nextInt(999999)+".jpg";随机名字
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file+File.separator+ filename);
        int len = 0;
        byte[] data = new byte[1024];
        while ((len = inputStream.read(data)) != -1) {
            fos.write(data, 0, len);
        }
        OutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream();
        out.write("上传成功".getBytes());
        fos.close();
        socket.close();
        }catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO: handle exception
            System.out.println(e);
            throw new RuntimeException("上传出错");
        }
    }
}

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