Python定制类:__getitem__和slice切片

1.__getitem__的简单用法:

当一个类中定义了getitem方法,那么它的实例对象便拥有了通过下标来索引的能力。

class A(object):
    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return item

a = A()
print(a[5], a[12])

执行结果:

5 12

2.用getitem实现斐波那契数列:

class Fib(object):
    def __getitem__(self, item):
        if item == 0 or item == 1:
            return 1
        else:
            a, b = 1, 1
            for i in range(item - 1):
                a, b = b, a+b
            return b

fib = Fib()
for i in range(10):
    print(fib[i])

执行结果:

1
1
2
3
5
8
13
21
34
55

3.slice切片

我们发现上个程序fib[2]这样的一个下标是没问题的,不过fib[3:5]这样的切片的话是会报错的。所以我们先了解下什么是切片。

# slice用法:
# slice(stop)
# slice(start, stop, step) 

>>> a = slice(10)
>>> print(a)
slice(None, 10, None)

>>> a = slice(1,10,2)
>>> print(a)
slice(1, 10, 2)

>>> print(a.start)
1

>>> print(a.stop)
10

>>> print(a.step)
2

>>> li = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0]
>>> li[slice(2,6)]
[3, 4, 5, 6]

#是的。li[slice(2,6)] 就等于 li[2:6]

给斐波那契数列完成slice切片:

class Fib(object):
    def __getitem__(self, item):
        if isinstance(item, slice):
            print(item.start)
            print(item.stop)

            stop = item.stop
            if item.stop is None:
                stop = 100

            re_list = []

            a, b = 0, 1
            for i in range(stop):
                a, b = b, a + b
                re_list.append(a)

            return re_list[item.start:stop:item.step]

        elif item == 0 or item == 1:
            return 1
        else:
            a, b = 1, 1
            for i in range(item - 1):
                a, b = b, a+b
            return b

fib = Fib()
print(fib[1:20:2])

输出结果:

1
20
[1, 3, 8, 21, 55, 144, 377, 987, 2584, 6765]

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