L04 An exciting trip 现在完成时

An exciting trip

NEW WORD

• exciting adj 令人兴奋的
  adj.用来修饰 n.
  an exciting trip

• recerve v.接收,收到 (客观上收到)
  辨析：accept v.接受 （主观上）
  I received an invitation, but I didn't accept it.

• centre n.中心
  in the centre of

• abroad adv.在国外
  adv.直接修饰动词,中间不用加介词
  go/ live/travel/ study + abroad

错误的写法：go to abroad / live in abroad

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现在完成时

• 形式: have/has +done

• 用法: 表示现在之前的事，事件分为

  • 现在全部完成，事件的结果对现在有影响。
  • 现在部分完成， 事件还在持续。

• 现在全部完成
  He has left.
  We have leamed English for ten years.

• 现在部分完成
  He has not left
  Has he left?

• 变否定及疑问
  现在完成时中的have/has 为助动词，无实义。
  变否定，可在have/has后直接加not;
  变一般疑问句，将have/has直接提前。

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TEXT

1. I have just received a letter from my brother,Tim.
   现在完成时
   just 刚刚，之前不久 / aready 已经 /ever 曾经/never 从未
   现在完成时中间常常用这四个词
   ……，Tim. 同位语，用来解释说明前面的名词，与前面的名词处于同等位置。L46
   2.He is in Australia.
   一般现在时

2. He has been there for six months.
   现在完成时，站在现在向之前看，跨越了两个时间段。与过去及现在两个时间段都有关系。 （L51，L52）

   比较：
   He is therefor six monfhs. 表示现在呆了六个月.
   He was there for six monfhs. 表示过去呆了六个月，与现在没有关系。

   "for"有三种用法 （L46）
   for+时间为持续一段时间。

3. He is an engineer.

4. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia。
   现在完成时

   大量的，许多
   a great number of +可数n.的复数
   a large number of +可数n.的复数
   a number of +可数n.的复数
   a great deal of +可数n.的复数

5. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia。
   现在完成时

   比较：
   have gone to 表示去了，去了没有回来或还有没回来，单程。
   have been to 表示过去，去了又回来了，有往返。

   "a small toown in the centre of Autralia" 同位语

6. My brother has never been abroad before，so he is finding this trip very excitin。
   现在完成时
   he is finding this trip very exciting。 主谓组宾
   现在进行时

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一般过去时与现在完成时区别 (L05)

• 现在完成时 have /has +done
  站在现在看过去的事

• 一般过去时 did
  表示过去的事，可站在过去看过去的事，句子中有时出现表示过去的时间。

  Ms Parker has been in Tokyo many times. 强调之前多少次。
  Ms Parker was in Tokyo last week. 强调过去的last week

  Bill arrived here three days ago.
  Bill(be) has arrived here since the 22nd.

  A: Are you going to finish your work before you go to bed?
  B: I have already finished it. I finished my work two hours ago .

  A: Have you ever eaten at Al's Steak House?
  B: Yes, I have. I have eaten there many times. In fact, my wife and I ate there last night.

  A:Do you and Eric want to bo to the movie at the Palace Theater with us tonight?
  B:No,thanks. We have already seen it. We saw it last week.