Day8-10-Renewable energy：A world turned upside down
词汇整理：
1.solar
太阳的,太阳能的,日光的,太阳系,利用太阳光的
2.disrupt
扰乱,打乱,使中断,混乱的,瓦解的,中断的,使分裂,破坏,使瓦解
Weknow unwanted pregnancies can disrupt the lives of the parents, but what aboutthe children?
我们知道意外怀孕会打乱父母的生活，但对孩子们有什么影响呢？
disruptive引起混乱的；扰乱性的；破坏性的causing problems,noise, etc. so that sth cannot continue normally
Forthis reason, let us hope that more developers explore this so-called"disruptive" side of technology during the coming year.
因此，让我们一起希望，更多的开发人员在未来的一年中探索这个所谓“引起混乱的”技术边缘。
3. issue
Forothers, the crucial issue is how much money Congress spends covering theuninsured.
对于其他人，关键的问题是国会为覆盖未保险的国民花多少钱。
4. conventional
Theconventional wisdom was that Jordan should be the second Arab state to makepeace.
一般明智的看法是：约旦应当是缔造和平的第二个阿拉伯国家。
5.utility
美[ju'tɪləti]英[juː'tɪləti]
词根: util =use,表示"用"
A adj.
1.utilitarian功利的,实利的
utility[n.效用,有用,实用]+arian……的→utilitarian有用的,实利的
B n.
1.utensil器皿,用具
ut=util用+ensil表物品→用的物品→用具
2.utility效用,有用,实用
util用+ity表名词→n.效用,有用,实用
C v.
1.utilize利用
util用+ize表动词→v.利用
同义词
A n.
1.有用,有益,利益,效力,便利,实用
B adj.
1.便利的,有用的
2.预备的,代替的,暂时的
其他释义
Secondary
Engineeringpractice shows that this program system is of better utility and economicvalue.
工程实践表明，该机算系统具有较好的实用性和经济价值。
Hesaid the failure of the city's public utility system is of real concern.
他说，该市公共设施系统的问题才是最令人担忧的。
6.finance
7.cowshed['kaʊ.ʃed]
牛棚；牛舍a farm building inwhich cows are kept
8.blanket
Beijinglooks like as if it is covered with a gray blanket. The sky is always gray.
北京就象披了一层灰色的被毯。天空永远是灰色的。
9.photovoltaic
美[ˌfoʊtoʊvɒl'teɪk]英[fəʊtəʊvɒl'teɪɪk]
Capable
of producing a voltage when exposed to radiant energy, especially light.光电的,光伏,太阳光电,光生伏打
10.manure
美[mə'nʊr]英[mə'njʊə(r)]
Justas food is to man, so manure is to crops.
正如人需要食物一样，庄稼也需要养料。
11.biogas
美['baɪoʊ.ɡæs]英['baɪəʊ.ɡæs]
沼气（由残体植物产生的甲烷等可燃气体）gas, especiallymethane , that is produced by dead plants and that can be burned to produceheat
12.back up
Ifyou do not back up the log frequently enough, the transaction log can expanduntil it runs out of disk space.
如果不经常备份日志，则事务日志可能会展开直到占满磁盘空间。
CNNhas not been able to independently verify the information, but snapshots of theWeb pages appear to back up the claim.
CNN至今无法证明该信息的真实性，然而网页截图似乎支持了这一说法。
13.generate
Newtechnology seems to me likely to generate as yet unimagined administrativeentanglements.
对我来说，新技术似乎会产生无法想象的管理麻烦。
同义词
14.all told
（与数字连用）全都包括在内，总计；总共；通共；拢共
Alltold there were 104 people on the payroll.
在职的总共有104人。
Alltold, it seems like an awful mess.
总之似乎一团糟。
15.pocket
16. grid
A newstudy aims to find out how much electricity from wind and sunshine the agingpower grid can support.
一项新的研究旨在弄清现有的陈旧电网接纳风电和太阳能发电的能力。
17.anathema
英[əˈnæθəmə]美[əˈnæθəmə]
n.可憎的事物；可恶的想法；十分讨厌的人
Theidea of raising tax rates is clearly going to remain anathema.
提高税率的想法很明显受到唾骂。
Skiingoff-piste has long been anathema to those who run Japan's ski industry.
日本滑雪产业经营者一直不容许滑雪道外的滑雪。
18. revenue
财政收入；税收收入；收益the money that agovernment receives from taxes or that an organization, etc. receives from itsbusiness
If itwas a newspaper, enormous amounts of that revenue would have gone to buyingnewsprint, paying distributors and so on.
如果这是一家报纸，那么很大一部分收入将用于购买新闻纸、支付分销商报酬等。
19. with the spread of
20. fossil-fuel矿物燃料
英[ˈfɔsl fjuəl]美[ˈfɑsəl ˈfjuəl]
Howlong can we continue to supplement agroecosystems with energy derived fromdeclining fossil fuel supplies?
由于矿物燃料供应量下降,我们供应农业生态系统能量能持续多久?
21.incumbent
美[ɪn'kʌmbənt]英[ɪn'kʌmbənt]
It isincumbent on us diligently to remember that the kingdom of heaven was promisedto the poor in spirit.
我们应当谨记，天国是在精神上许诺给穷人的。
Ithas always been more difficult for the rising power to persuade the incumbentpower that its intentions are benign.
新兴势力要说服已有势力其意图善良，总是更困难。
22.justify
Theboy more than justify the favourable opinion they have forme of him.
这个男孩不仅证明了他们已形成了正确的观点。
Oneway to justify such a valuation might be the chance of a takeover battle.
估值如此之高的一个理由可能是，有机会出现收购大战。
justify,
warrant这两个动词均含"为……提供理由或根据"之意。
justify
:强调所提供的根据或理由不仅会迎合理性还满足了良心，并且含"如果不提供理由辨护就会受到非难"的意味。
warrant
:指有充分的理由或有必要做某事。justify, warrant这两个动词均含"为……提供理由或根据"之意。
justify
:强调所提供的根据或理由不仅会迎合理性还满足了良心，并且含"如果不提供理由辨护就会受到非难"的意味。
warrant
:指有充分的理由或有必要做某事。
23.promotion
Twoyears of experience qualified him for a promotion.
两年的资历使他有资格获得升迁。
Sincethe overall promotion of the Company, customers continued to receive praise,units in short supply.
自本公司全面推广以来，不断收到顾客好评，机组供不应求。
24.semiofficial
英[ˌsemɪə'fɪʃəl]美[ˌsemɪr'fɪʃəl]
semiconductor半导体，semiofficial半官方的，semimonthly半月刊
Noteveryoneisexcitedaboutbasketball'sarrivalasthesemiofficialsportoftheWhiteHouse.
25.takethelead
占主要地位，领先，带头；一马当先；牵头；打头
Japanhastakentheleadincarproduction.
日本在汽车生产中居首位。
Theytook the lead in conducting the experiments.
他们带头做试验。
26. account for
说明（原因、理由等）；导致，引起；（在数量、比例上）占；对…负责
1.PHRASAL
VERB（数量或比例上）占
If aparticular thing accounts for a part or proportion of something, that part orproportion consists of that thing, or is used or produced by it.
Computersaccount for 5% of the country's commercial electricity consumption.
计算机占去该国商业用电的5%。
2.PHRASAL
VERB导致；解释
Ifsomething accounts for a particular fact or situation, it causes or explainsit.
Now,the gene they discovered today doesn't account for all those cases.
不过，他们现在发现的基因无法解释所有的病例。
3.PHRASAL
VERB为…提出理由;对…作出说明
Ifyou can account for something, you can explain it or give the necessaryinformation about it.
Howdo you account for the company's alarmingly high staff turnover?...
你怎么解释这家公司高得令人忧虑的人员流动率？
Hesaid only 200 of the train's 600 passengers had been accounted for.
他说火车上的600名乘客中仅有200名乘客的信息得已查明。
4.PHRASAL
VERB对（行动、政策等）负有责任
Ifsomeone has to account for an action or policy, they are responsible for it,and may be required to explain it to other people or be punished if it fails.
ThePresident and the President alone must account for his government's reforms.
总统必须为他的政府改革负责，而且是负全责。
5.PHRASAL
VERB将（钱款）列入预算
If asum of money is accounted for in a budget, it has been included in that budgetfor a particular purpose.
Thereally heavy redundancy costs have been accounted for.
非常庞大的裁员开支已被列入预算。
6.PHRASAL
VERB杀死；消灭；打败
Ifyou account for an enemy or opponent, you kill, destroy, or beat them.
Inthe first ten days of May our squadron accounted for at least seven enemyaircraft...
5月的头10天里我们中队至少报销了7架敌机。
27. pricey
ADJ-GRADED价格高的；昂贵的
Ifyou say that something is pricey, you mean that it is expensive.
Medicalinsurance is very pricey.
医疗保险费用昂贵。
28.to date
至今，直到今天，到目前为止；迄今
"Dottie"is by far his best novel to date.
《多蒂》是他迄今为止最好的小说。
TheLabour government has to date resisted all supplications.
到目前为止工党政府回绝了所有的请愿求情。
29. robust
1.ADJ-GRADED强健的;健壮的;坚固的;结实的
Someoneor something that is robust is very strong or healthy.
Morewomen than men go to the doctor. Perhaps men are more robust or worry less?...
看医生的女性多于男性。也许男性更强壮或者顾虑要少一些？
We'vealways specialised in making very robust, simply designed machinery.
我们一直专注于制造极为结实耐用而且设计简单的机器。
2.ADJ-GRADED
(观点等)强烈的，坚定的，坚决的
Robustviews or opinions are strongly held and forcefully expressed.
ABritish Foreign Office minister has made a robust defence of the agreement...
一位英国外交大臣坚决维护这个协议。
Hehas the keen eye and robust approach needed.
他具备了所需的敏锐的洞察力和坚定的行事态度。
*healthy,
sound, robust, well, strong, vigorous, sturdy, tough, wholesome, fit这些形容词均含"健康的，强健的"之意。
healthy
:指身体无病，也可指身心健全、正常的。
sound
:侧重身体各部分或器官没有病，无任何缺陷，即健康。
robust
:强调身体强健。
well
:仅指没有疾病，但不一定很健康。
strong
:既指体格健壮，又指体力或精神上的力量。
vigorous
:指人强健有力，精力充沛。
sturdy
:侧重于结实的体格。
tough
:着重指人的体格健壮。
wholesome
:多指能给人留下身体健康、思想健全或品德良好等印象。
fit :既可指健壮又可指健全无病。
30. Emissions - Trading Scheme欧洲碳排放交易计划
Acarbon price now exists, established by the European Emissions - Trading Scheme( ETS ).
由欧洲碳排放交易计划( ETS )制定的碳排放价格已然存在.
31.perennial
英[pəˈreniəl]美[pəˈrɛniəl]
adj.终年的，长久的；多年生的；不断生长的；四季不断的
n.多年生植物；长期存在的；
There'sa perennial shortage of teachers with science qualifications.
有理科教学资格的老师一直都很短缺。
...aperennial herb with greenish-yellow flowers.
开绿黄色花的多年生香草
32. rebate
英[ˈri:beɪt]美[ˈriˌbet]
n.折扣；回扣；
vt.减少；打折；
Buyersare offered a cash rebate.
购买者享受现金折扣。
Youcan claim a rebate on your tax.
你可以要求退回部分税款.
It ischeering to see that customers are to benefit from a rebate on theirelectricity bills.
想到顾客将享受电费部分退款优惠就叫人心里高兴。
33.impose on
把…加于；强与…为伴；使硬缠着；给…带来麻烦
1.把…加于
Heavyduties are imposed on imports.
对进口物品课以重税。
2.强与…为伴;使硬缠着
Idon't want to impose on you.
我并不想打扰你。
Don'timpose yourself on people who don't like you.
不要硬缠着不喜欢你的人。
3.给…带来麻烦;利用,欺骗
Heimposed on me.
他欺骗我。
34.glut
vt.使吃饱；使充斥；
vi.过量地吃；
n.供过于求；吃得过多.
1.N-COUNT供过于求；供应过剩
Ifthere is a glut of something, there is so much of it that it cannot all be soldor used.
There'sa glut of agricultural products in Western Europe.
西欧的农产品供过于求。
...aworld oil glut.
全球石油供应过剩
2.VERB充斥；使供应过剩
If amarket is glutted with something, there is a glut of that thing.
Theregion is glutted with hospitals...
该地区的医院数量已经饱和。
Soldiersreturning from the war had glutted the job market.
从战场返乡的士兵挤爆了劳动力市场。
35. starkly
adv.完全，分明地，赤裸裸地
Thethreat contrasted starkly with his administration's previous muted criticism.
这一威胁和他这届政府之前低调的指责形成了鲜明的对比。
stark
1.ADJ-GRADED
(选择、陈述等)严峻的，令人不快的
Starkchoices or statements are harsh and unpleasant.
UKcompanies face a stark choice if they want to stay competitive...
英国公司如果想要保持竞争力就不得不面对严峻的选择。
Inhis celebration speech, he issued a stark warning to Washington and otherWestern capitals.
在他的庆祝演说中，他向华盛顿和其他西方国家提出了严正警告。
2.ADJ-GRADED
(对比)鲜明的
Iftwo things are in stark contrast to one another, they are very different fromeach other in a way that is very obvious.
...secretcooperation between London and Washington that was in stark contrast toofficial policy.
与官方的政策形成鲜明对比的伦敦和华盛顿之间的秘密合作
3.ADJ-GRADED光秃的;简易的;荒凉的
Somethingthat is stark is very plain in appearance.
...thestark white, characterless fireplace in the drawing room.
客厅里简易的、毫无特色的白色壁炉
36.wholesale
1.N-UNCOUNT批发;趸售
Wholesaleis the activity of buying and selling goods in large quantities and thereforeat cheaper prices, usually to shopkeepers who then sell them to the public.
Warehouseclubs allow members to buy goods at wholesale prices...
仓储式会员店允许会员以批发价购买商品。
I amin the wholesale trade.
我做批发生意。
2.ADV用批发方式;以批发价
Ifsomething is sold wholesale, it is sold in large quantities and at cheaperprices, usually to shopkeepers.
Thefabrics are sold wholesale to retailers, fashion houses, and othermanufacturers.
这些纺织品被批发给零售商、时装店和其他制造商。
3.ADJ大规模的;大批的
Youuse wholesale to describe the destruction, removal, or changing of somethingwhen it affects a very large number of things or people.
Theyare only doing what is necessary to prevent wholesale destruction ofvegetation...
他们只是在采取必要措施避免大规模的植被破坏。
Itwas wholesale slaughter of women and children.
那是对妇女和儿童的大规模屠杀。
37.slump
vi.大幅度下降，暴跌；沉重或突然地落下[倒下]；
n.（物价等的）暴跌；<美>（个人、球队等的）低潮状态；（销售量、价格、价值等的）骤降；（精神等的）消沉，萎靡
1.VERB急剧下降;暴跌
Ifsomething such as the value of something slumps, it falls suddenly and by alarge amount.
Netprofits slumped by 41%...
净利润暴跌了41%。
Governmentpopularity in Scotland has slumped to its lowest level since the 1970s.
苏格兰政府的支持率骤跌至20世纪70年代以来的最低水平。Slump is also a noun.
2.N-COUNT不景气;萧条;衰退
Aslump is a time when many people in a country are unemployed and poor.
...theslump of the early 1980s.
20世纪80年代初的大萧条
3.VERB
(因疲劳、生病等而重重)倒下，跌倒
Ifyou slump somewhere, you fall or sit down there heavily, for example becauseyou are very tired or you feel ill.
Sheslumped into a chair...
她轰然倒在了椅子上。
Hesaw the driver slumped over the wheel.
他看见司机一头栽在了方向盘上。
38.havoc
英[ˈhævək]美['hævək]
n.大破坏，浩劫；蹂躏，摧残；大混乱，大骚动；
vt.严重破坏；毁灭；
vi.损毁
playhavoc with
completely
disrupt; cause serious damage to完全扰乱，完全打乱；毁坏
shiftwork plays havoc with the body clock.
39. indebted
adj.感激的；受惠的；负债的；
vt.使负债，使受恩惠(indebt的过去分词)
40. loss-making
adj.总是亏损的；
n.亏损；
loss-makingoperation
亏损企业
loss-making
operation亏损企业loss of business经营亏损low emission vehicle低排放量汽车low-energy lighting节能灯,低能耗的灯具low-involvement good.
Klocknerplans to hive off its loss-making steel businesses.
克劳克纳公司计划出售其亏损的钢铁业务。
Theousted chairman received a £1.5 million payoff from the loss-making oilcompany.
被解职的主席从亏损的石油公司那里拿到了150万英镑的解约金。
41. write off
1.PHRASAL
VERB (向公司或机构)去函，发信
Ifyou write off to a company or organization, you send them a letter, usuallyasking for something.
Hewrote off to the New Zealand Government for these pamphlets about life in NewZealand.
他给新西兰政府去函，索取介绍新西兰生活的宣传册。
2.PHRASAL
VERB勾销，注销(债务或已花费的款项)
Ifsomeone writes off a debt or an amount of money that has been spent on aproject, they accept that they are never going to get the money back.
Thepresident persuaded the West to write off Polish debts...
总统说通西方免除波兰的债务。
Hehad long since written off the money.
他很早就将那笔钱勾销了。
3.PHRASAL
VERB认定…不重要(或无用)；忽视
Ifyou write someone or something off, you decide that they are unimportant oruseless and that they are not worth further serious attention.
He isfed up with people writing him off because of his age...
他很讨厌大家因为他的年纪而小看他。
Hiscritics write him off as too cautious to succeed...
批评他的人不把他当回事，认为他太过谨慎，不能成事。
4.PHRASAL
VERB (发生撞车后)将(车辆)报废
Ifsomeone writes off a vehicle, they have a crash in it and it is so badlydamaged that it is not worth repairing.
John'swritten off four cars. Now he sticks to public transport...
约翰已经报废了4辆车，现在他一直坐公交车。
Oneof Pete's friends wrote his car off there.
皮特的一个朋友在那儿把他的汽车撞毁了。
5.PHRASAL
VERB取消(计划或项目)
Ifyou write off a plan or project, you accept that it is not going to besuccessful and do not continue with it.
Wedecided to write off the rest of the day and go shopping...
我们决定取消当天其余日程去购物。
Theprices were much higher. So we decided to write that off...
价格高出很多，所以我们决定将它取消。
42.deregulate
vt.解除管制；
vi.解除控制。
VERB撤销对…的管制规定;解除对…的控制
Toderegulate something means to remove controls and regulations from it.
...theneed to deregulate the US airline industry...
撤销对美国航空业管制的需要
Oncewholesale prices are deregulated, consumer prices will also rise.
一旦批发价格放开，零售价格也会随之上涨。
43. at any given time
Atany given time, the status of technical progress is relatively inflexible.
在某一特定的时间,技术进步的状况是相对稳定的.
Themaximum number of characters that can appear on a screen at any given time.
在任何给定时刻一个屏幕上可出现的最大字符量.
44.maginal cost
边际成本；边缘费用
It isimportant to understand that firms maximize profits by considering the marginalcost , not the average cost.
这是很重要的要明白，企业利润最大化，通过考虑边际成本，而不是平均成本。
The marginalcost of doing something wrong "just this once" always seemsalluringly low.
做错误的事情，“就这一次”，其边际成本看起来总像是非常低。
45. at first blush
<正>猛一看，乍看
It'seemeda good idea at first blush.
这个主意乍看似乎很好.
Atfirst blush , land is seen as a fixed or unalterable resource.
乍一看土地是一种固定的,或者说是不可改变的资源.
GEis, at first blush the epitome of a blue - chip name.
乍一看来,通用电气简直就是蓝筹股的代名词.
46.intermittent
间歇的；断断续续的；间歇性
Afterthree hours of intermittent rain, the game was abandoned.
3个小时断断续续的降雨之后,比赛取消了。
intermittentbursts of applause
一阵阵的掌声
intermittency
47.infrastucture
基础架构通讯方式；底层结构；基础结构网络
Hotelinfrastucture must be independent system. Otherwise, hotel must control allmain MEP plant rooms.
酒店机电系统必须是独立的.否则，酒店必须控制所有的机电主机房。
48. hydroelectric水力发电的
英[ˌhaɪdrəʊɪˈlektrɪk]美[ˌhaɪdroʊɪˈlektrɪk]
Plansare being drawn up to build a hydroelectric station here.
这里正筹划建设一座水力发电站.
49. shut out of
把……排斥在外；被关在门外；把……排除在外
Wecannot be shut out of these markets.
我们无法与这些市场隔绝。
Theyfear that if they chose to grow GM crops, they would be permanently shut out ofEuropean markets.
他们害怕一旦种植转基因作物，他们会被永远赶出欧洲市场。
Itseemed to me that I was being shut out of the dialogue and that's something Ijust don't cotton to.
我觉得自己完全插不上话，这让我很不爽。
50. go a long way
所能忍受的限度:,大有帮助,走了一大段路,对……大有帮助
Learningnew things, whether related to your profession or not, go a long way towardsimproving all aspects of your life.
学习新东西，无论是否与你的专业有关，对改善你人生的各个方面都很有意义。
"Sharingthat economic insight could go a long way toward stifling criticism at home andabroad, " said the report.
报告表示：“从这个经济视角来看问题，可能对平息国内外的批评大有帮助。”
Hispay doesn't go a long way.
他的工资花不了多少时候就没了.
51.in the doldrums
doldrums英[ˈdɒldrəmz]美[ˈdoʊldrəmz]
PHRASE处于低潮;陷于停滞
If anactivity or situation is in the doldrums, it is very quiet and nothing new orexciting is happening.
Theeconomy is in the doldrums.
经济正处于萧条期。
He'sbeen in the doldrums ever since she left him.
自从她离开他以来，他一直很消沉。
Theindustry remains in the doldrums, according to official figures out today.
根据今天官方公布的数字,这个行业仍不景气.
52. constrain
vt.强迫；强使；限制；约束
1.VERB约束;限制;强迫
Toconstrain someone or something means to limit their development or force themto behave in a particular way.
Womenare too often constrained by family commitments and by low expectations...
女性往往受到家庭责任和低期望值的束缚。
Howcan we produce top-class engineers when universities are constrained to offersalaries that can only attract mediocre staff?...
大学的财力有限，提供的薪酬仅能吸引水平一般的教师，在这种情况下，我们如何能培养出一流的工程师？
2.PHRASE觉得被迫(做某事)
Ifyou feel constrained to do something, you feel that you must do it, even thoughyou would prefer not to.
Forsome reason he felt constrained to lower his voice.
不知怎么的，他觉得自己必须得压低声音。
constrains
We'llignore the continuity constrains.
我们往往忽略连续约束条件.
Itimposes constrains, restricting nature's freedom.
它具有限制自然界自由度的强制性.
Constrainson the new system such as timing, financial, staffing constrains should beidentified.
对新系统的种种规定,如时间安排、经费、和人员的规定都应明确.
53.standby
54. insulate
英[ˈɪnsjuleɪt]美[ˈɪnsəleɪt]
1.VERB将…隔离(以免受外界影响)
If aperson or group is insulated from the rest of society or from outsideinfluences, they are protected from them.
Theywonder if their community is no longer insulated from big city problems...
他们在想是否大城市的问题离自己的社区也已经不再遥远了。
Theirwealth had insulated them from reality.
财富将他们与现实隔离。
2.VERB使隔热;使隔音
Toinsulate something such as a building means to protect it from cold or noise bycovering it or surrounding it in a thick layer.
Itwill take almost 25 years to insulate the homes of the six million householdsthat require this assistance...
要为600万户有此需求的家庭进行住宅隔热隔音处理得花将近25年的时间。
Isthere any way we can insulate our home from the noise?...
有什么办法可以使我们的住宅隔音吗？
3.VERB使绝缘
If apiece of equipment is insulated, it is covered with rubber or plastic toprevent electricity passing through it and giving the person using it anelectric shock.
Inorder to make it safe, the element is electrically insulated.
为安全起见,该元件作了电绝缘处理。
...electricalinsulating tape.
绝缘胶带
*isolate,
separate, segregate, insulate这些动词均有"分开，分离，隔离"之意。
isolate
:侧重指完全分离、隔开，也指人或处于完全孤立的状态。
separate
:指一般意义上的分开或隔开。
segregate
:指把一群人或物从整体或主体中分离出来。
insulate
:指隔开、分离，尤指用某种东西阻挡从里面逃出或从外面进入的东西。作技术用词时，专指用某种绝缘体隔断通路。
55.drag down
1.PHRASAL
VERB降低…的身份（或社会地位）；使堕落
Todrag someone down means to reduce them to an inferior social status or to lowerstandards of behaviour.
Shedragged him down with her...
她把他拉下了水。
Therewere fears he would be dragged down by the scandal.
有人担心他会因丑闻而辱没了身份。
2.PHRASAL
VERB使虚弱;使沮丧
Somethingthat drags you down makes you feel weak or depressed.
Ihave had really bad bouts of flu that have really dragged me down.
我患上了重度流感，快被拖垮了。
56. vicious
1.ADJ-GRADED残暴的;凶残的;凶恶的
Avicious person or a vicious blow is violent and cruel.
Hewas a cruel and vicious man...
他是一个残忍凶狠的男人。
Hesuffered a vicious attack by a gang of white youths...
他遭到一帮白人青年的残暴袭击。
2.ADJ-GRADED恶毒的;恶意的;不怀好意的
Avicious remark is cruel and intended to upset someone.
It isa deliberate, nasty and vicious attack on a young man's character.
这是对一个年轻人品格蓄意的、卑鄙的、恶毒的攻击。
...hershrewish temperament and vicious tongue.
她暴躁的性格和恶毒的言语
57.foster
1.ADJ寄养的;代养的
Fosterparents are people who officially take a child into their family for a periodof time, without becoming the child's legal parents. The child is referred toas their foster child.
LittleJack was placed with foster parents...
小杰克和养父母住在一起。
Thefoster mother was a wonderful, warm person.
寄养母是一个很不错的热心人。
2.VERB寄养;代养
Ifyou foster a child, you take it into your family for a period of time, withoutbecoming its legal parent.
Shehas since gone on to find happiness by fostering more than 100 children.
从那以后她代养了100多个孩子，并从中得到快乐。
3.VERB促进;鼓励;培养
Tofoster something such as an activity or idea means to help it to develop.
Hesaid that developed countries had a responsibility to foster global economicgrowth to help new democracies...
他说，发达国家有责任促进全球经济增长，以帮助新兴民主国家。
Itscash crisis has been fostered by declining property values.
地产贬值引发了现金危机。
58.deter
VERB威慑住;吓住;阻止;制止
Todeter someone from doing something means to make them not want to do it orcontinue doing it.
Supportersof the death penalty argue that it would deter criminals from carrying guns...
死刑的支持者认为它能阻吓罪犯携带枪支。
Arrestsand jail sentences have done nothing to deter the protesters...
逮捕和监禁都没能吓倒抗议者。
同义
反义
59.penetration
n.渗透；穿透；[军]突破；洞察力
penetratev.
1.VERB渗入；进入；穿过；穿透
Ifsomething or someone penetrates a physical object or an area, they succeed ingetting into it or passing through it.
X-rayscan penetrate many objects...
X射线能够穿透很多物体。
Hismen had been ordered to shoot on sight anyone trying to penetrate the area.
他的部下已经接到命令，见到试图穿越该地区的人就开枪。
2.VERB进入；跻身
Ifsomeone penetrates an organization, a group, or a profession, they succeed in enteringit although it is difficult to do so.
...thecontinuing failure of women to penetrate the higher levels of engineering...
女性一直未能跻身工程领域的更高层
Thedrugs industry is complex and hard to penetrate.
医药行业非常复杂，很难进入。
3.VERB打入，渗透（敌人或竞争对手内部）
Ifsomeone penetrates an enemy group or a rival organization, they succeed injoining it in order to get information or cause trouble.
TheCIA had requested our help to penetrate a drugs ring operating out of Munich...
美国中央情报局已请求我们协助其打入在慕尼黑市外活动的贩毒集团。
Thearmy was one of the few institutions the secret police were not encouraged topenetrate.
军队是不鼓励秘密警察渗入的少数机构之一。
4.VERB进入，打入（市场或地区）
If acompany or country penetrates a market or area, they succeed in selling theirproducts there.
Therehave been around 15 attempts from outside France to penetrate the market.
大约已经有15家外国公司试图进入法国市场。
5.VERB了解；洞察；领悟
Ifyou penetrate something that is difficult to understand, you succeed inunderstanding it.
...longanswers that were often difficult to penetrate.
往往难以理解的冗长回答
60.portfolio
1.N-COUNT（参赛或应聘用的）画作选辑，代表作品集
Aportfolio is a set of pictures by someone, or photographs of examples of theirwork, which they use when entering competitions or applying for work.
Afterdinner that evening, Edith showed them a portfolio of her own politicalcartoons.
那天吃过晚饭，伊迪丝向他们展示了她的一组政治漫画作品。
2.N-COUNT有价证券组合；投资组合
Infinance, a portfolio is the combination of shares or other investments that aparticular person or company has.
Short-termsecurities can also be held as part of an investment portfolio.
投资组合里也可以包括短期有价证券。
...RogerEarly, a portfolio manager at Federated Investors Corp.
罗杰·厄尔利，联合投资者公司的投资组合经理
3.N-COUNT部长职务；大臣职务
Inpolitics, a portfolio is a minister's responsibility for a particular area of agovernment's activities.
Hehas held the defence portfolio since the first free elections in 1990.
自1990年首次自由选举以来，他一直担任国防大臣一职。
4.N-COUNT产品组合；系列设计
Acompany's portfolio of products or designs is their range of products ordesigns.
Thecompany has continued to invest heavily in a strong portfolio of products.
公司继续在强大的产品组合上投入大笔资金。
61.shy away from
PHRASAL
VERB (因害怕或信心不足而)回避，躲避，避免做
Ifyou shy away from doing something, you avoid doing it, often because you areafraid or not confident enough.
Wefrequently shy away from making decisions...
我们常常害怕作出决定。
Alandoesn't shy away from controversy.
艾伦不回避争议。
62.buck
1.N-COUNT美元；澳元
Abuck is a US or Australian dollar.
Thatwould probably cost you about fifty bucks...
那大概要花掉你50美元左右。
Whycan't you spend a few bucks on a coat?...
你为什么不能花点儿钱买件外套呢？
2.N-COUNT（雄鹿、公羚羊、公兔、雄袋鼠等）雄性动物
Abuck is the male of various animals, including the deer, antelope, rabbit andkangaroo.
3.N-COUNT（美洲印第安裔或非洲裔）小伙子
Abuck is a young Native American or African American man.
He'dbeen a real hell-raiser as a young buck.
他年轻时是个十足的捣蛋鬼。
4.ADJ龅牙的
Ifsomeone has buck teeth, their upper front teeth stick forward out of theirmouth.
5.VERB（马）猛地弓背跃起，尥起后蹄跳跃
If ahorse bucks, it kicks both of its back legs wildly into the air, or jumps intothe air wildly with all four feet off the ground.
Thestallion bucked as he fought against the reins holding him tightly in.
牡马四蹄腾空跳起，想挣脱紧紧缚住它的缰绳。
...cowboysriding bucking broncos.
骑在弓背腾跃的野马上的牛仔
6.VERB抵抗；抵制；反抗
Ifyou buck the trend, you obtain different results from others in the same area.If you buck the system, you get what you want by breaking or ignoring therules.
Whileother newspapers are losing circulation, we are bucking the trend...
当其他报纸的发行量越来越少时，我们却逆势而进。
Hewants to be the tough rebel who bucks the system...
他想成为这种体制的坚定反抗者。
7.PHRASE优厚的回报
Ifyou get more bang for the buck, you spend your money wisely and get more foryour money than if you were to spend it in a different way.
Ithink it's very important for those governments to do whatever they can to geta bigger bang for the buck.
我认为，重要的是那些政府要采取一切措施来获取更大的资金回报。
8.PHRASE轻易赚来的钱；（常指）不义之财
Whensomeone makes a fast buck or makes a quick buck, they earn a lot of moneyquickly and easily, often by doing something which is considered to bedishonest.
Hislife isn't ruled by looking for a fast buck...
他的生活没有被一味想发大财的心态左右。
Theywere just in it to make a quick buck.
他们做这事就是为了迅速赚大钱。
9.PHRASE赚钱；挣钱
Ifyou are trying to make a buck, you are trying to earn some money.
Theowners don't want to overlook any opportunity to make a buck.
老板们不想错过任何可以赚钱的机会。
10.PHRASE一丝不挂
Someonewho is buck naked is not wearing any clothes at all.
11.PHRASE推卸责任
Ifyou pass the buck, you refuse to accept responsibility for something, and saythat someone else is responsible.
Davidsays the responsibility is Mr Smith's and it's no good trying to pass the buck.
戴维说责任在史密斯先生，企图推脱责任是没有用的。
12.PHRASE责任止于此/应由…承担责任
Ifyou say 'The buck stops here' or 'The buck stops with me', you mean that youhave to take responsibility for something and will not try to pass theresponsibility on to someone else.
Thebuck stops with him. He is ultimately responsible for every aspect of thebroadcast.
责任在于他。他是该广播节目各方面的总负责人。
63. eat into
1.PHRASAL
VERB消耗，耗费（时间或资源）
Ifsomething eats into your time or your resources, it uses them, when they shouldbe used for other things.
Responsibilitiesat home and work eat into his time...
家庭和工作的双重负担耗费了他的时间。
Wageswere rising faster than productivity and this was eating into profits.
工资的涨幅高过了生产率增长的速度，从而消耗了利润所得。
2.PHRASAL
VERB (酸、锈等)侵蚀，腐蚀
If asubstance such as acid or rust eats into something, it destroys or damages itssurface.
Ulcersoccur when the stomach's natural acids eat into the lining of the stomach.
胃酸侵蚀胃内壁引发溃疡。
eatinto demand
Furthermore,if higher taxes eat into demand, economies may slip back into recession.
另外,倘使提税导致需求下降,经济或将再次陷入衰退.
Dealersreacted to growing concern that higher raw materials costs would begin to eatinto demand and affect the pace of economic recovery.
人们日益担心，原材料价格上涨可能开始削弱需求，并影响经济复苏步伐，交易商们对这种焦虑心理作出了反应。
64. in part
在某种程度上，部分地；一半
It isselling very well, in part because the packaging is so attractive.
这个卖得非常好，部分原因是包装非常吸引人。
Inpart this attitude was due to fear of trade union and employee reactions.
在某种程度上，这一态度是由于害怕工会和雇员的反应。
65.moderate
1.ADJ-GRADED
(政治观点或政策)温和的，不激进的
Moderatepolitical opinions or policies are not extreme.
Hewas an easygoing man of very moderate views...
他的观点非常温和，容易相处。
Bothcountries have called for a moderate approach to the use of force.
两国都呼吁不要滥用武力。
2.ADJ-GRADED
(人或团体)温和的，稳健的
Youuse moderate to describe people or groups who have moderate political opinionsor policies.
...amoderate Democrat.
温和的民主党人
...themoderate wing of the army.
军队中的稳健派
3.ADJ-GRADED中等的;普通的;适度的；适量的
You usemoderate to describe something that is neither large nor small in amount ordegree.
Whilea moderate amount of stress can be beneficial, too much stress can exhaust you.
适度的压力是有好处的，但是压力太大会把人压垮。
...moderateexercise.
适度的锻炼
4.ADJ
(变化)不大的，有限的
Amoderate change in something is a change that is not great.
Mostdrugs offer either no real improvement or, at best, only moderate improvements.
大多数药物要么不能使病情真正好转，要么最多只能带来轻微的改善。
5.V-ERG
(使)缓和;(使)减轻;(使)减弱;节制
Ifyou moderate something or if it moderates, it becomes less extreme or violentand easier to deal with or accept.
Theyare hoping that once in office he can be persuaded to moderate his views...
他们希望等他一上台，可以说服他观点别那么激进。
Amongstrelief workers, the immediate sense of crisis has moderated somewhat...
救援人员的紧迫危机感已经有所减弱。
66.incipient
英[ɪnˈsɪpiənt]美[ɪnˈsɪpiənt]
ADJ初期的;初始的
Anincipient situation or quality is one that is starting to happen or develop.
...anincipient economic recovery...
初期的经济复苏
Therewere signs of incipient panic.
出现了早期的恐慌迹象。
67. precipitous
英[prɪˈsɪpɪtəs]美[prɪˈsɪpɪtəs]
1.ADJ-GRADED险峻的；陡峭的
Aprecipitous slope or drop is very steep and often dangerous.
Thetown is perched on the edge of a steep, precipitous cliff.
该镇坐落在陡峭险峻的悬崖边上。
2.ADJ-GRADED突然的；急剧的
Aprecipitous change is sudden and unpleasant.
Thestock market's precipitous drop frightened foreign investors...
股票市场的猛跌吓坏了国外投资者。
Meryl'shealth started a precipitous decline.
梅里尔的健康状况开始急剧下降。
3.ADJ-GRADED急促的；轻率的；仓猝的
Aprecipitous action happens very quickly and often without being planned.
...aprecipitous decision.
轻率的决定
68. slashing
尖锐的；苛刻的；鲜明的；乱砍的
slash
1.VERB割破;在…上留下深长的切口
Ifyou slash something, you make a long, deep cut in it.
Hecame within two minutes of bleeding to death after slashing his wrists.
若再晚两分钟割腕的他就会因失血过多而死。
2.VERB挥砍;劈
Ifyou slash at a person or thing, you quickly hit at them with something such asa knife.
Heslashed at her, aiming carefully.
他仔细地瞄准她劈了过去。
3.VERB大量削减
Toslash something such as costs or jobs means to reduce them by a large amount.
Carmakers could be forced to slash prices after being accused of overchargingyesterday...
昨天被指控要价太高之后，汽车生产商可能会被迫大幅度降价。
Everyoneagrees that subsidies have to be slashed.
所有人都同意必须大幅度削减补贴。
4.斜线号
Yousay slash to refer to a sloping line that separates letters, words, or numbers.For example, if you are giving the number 340/2/K you say 'Three four zero,slash two, slash K.
69. lucrative
ADJ-GRADED获利多的；赚大钱的
Alucrative activity, job, or business deal is very profitable.
Thousandsof ex-army officers have found lucrative jobs in private security firms.
数以千计的退伍军官在私营保安公司找到了收入不菲的工作。
70. package deal
N-COUNT（政府或机构制订的）一揽子协议（或提议）
Apackage deal is a set of offers or proposals which is made by a government oran organization, and which must be accepted or rejected as a whole.
Iwant a package deal including airfare and hotel.
我需要一个成套服务,包括机票和住宿.
Minsterare trying to package deal that will end the dispute.
部长们正在力图寻求能解决争端的一揽子交易.
71.commoditised商品化
Discountbroking in the internet age has become " commoditised " .
折扣经纪服务在网络时代已经完全平价商品化.
Thefirm best known for turning computers into commodities has found itselfcommoditised.
戴尔因将电脑普及为平价商品而闻名,如今它却发现自己也已被平价商品化.
Asnetwork gear becomes commoditised, services offer higher margins and longcontracts, notes Mr Thelander.
席兰德强调,随着网络设备的商品化,服务可以带来更高利润率及长期合同.
72.bolster
英[ˈbəʊlstə(r)]美[ˈboʊlstə(r)]
1.VERB增强（信心）；鼓舞（士气）
Ifyou bolster something such as someone's confidence or courage, you increase it.
Hopesof an early cut in interest rates bolstered confidence.
利率有望早日下调，从而增强了人们的信心。
...anumber of measures intended to bolster morale.
旨在鼓舞士气的一些措施
2.VERB巩固（地位）；加强
Ifsomeone tries to bolster their position in a situation, they try to strengthenit.
Britainis free to adopt policies to bolster its economy.
英国可以自由制定政策以振兴经济。
3.N-COUNT（垫在普通枕头下的）长枕，垫枕
Abolster is a firm pillow shaped like a long tube which is sometimes put acrossa bed under the ordinary pillows.
73.(keep) (sth) in line with
跟…一致，符合；本着
Thenew proposal is in line with our general line.
新建议和我们总的原则是一致的。
Thestructure of our schools is now broadly in line with the major countries of theworld.
我们的学校建构现在基本上与世界上主要国家的相一致了。
74.liken
VERB把…比作；把…比拟为
Ifyou liken one thing or person to another thing or person, you say that they aresimilar.
Shelikens marriage to slavery...
她把婚姻比作奴役。
Thepain is often likened to being drilled through the side of the head.
这种疼痛常被比作钻头钻入头部的感觉。
75.upheaval
英[ʌpˈhi:vl]美[ʌpˈhivəl]
N-COUNT激变；剧变；动乱
Anupheaval is a big change which causes a lot of trouble, confusion, and worry.
Whereverthere is political upheaval, invariably there are refugees...
哪里有政治动乱，哪里就一定有难民。
Havinga baby will mean the greatest upheaval in your life.
有了孩子意味着你的生活要发生重大的变化。
相关理论：
1.边际成本
在经济学和金融学中，边际成本指的是每一单位新增生产的产品（或者购买的产品）带来的总成本的增量。这个概念表明每一单位的产品的成本与总产品量有关。
思维导图：
总结体会：
化石燃料会带来一系列的环境问题以及化石燃料终有燃尽的一天，这注定了人类需要去寻找替代品，于是政府开始推广清洁能源。但随着清洁能源的推广，其他来源的电力的价格会被打压到很低，投资者也就失去了投资兴趣，政府对于电力市场的补贴只会变得越来越多。
为什么电力价格低，公共补贴却反而不能停止的原因有三个，一是因为补贴制度本身，补贴金额过高，扭曲了市场，消费电力的水平停滞不前，而有了高昂的补贴，导致发电过剩，降低了电力市场的收入，也就阻碍了投资者的投资。二是因为清洁能源自身的间歇性供应的特点，为了保持电力持续供应，电力供应系统仍然需要依赖传统的发电厂，在可再生能源供应不足时及时补充，但由于传统电力市场盈利缩水，并没有投资者愿意去投资，只能依赖政府补贴。还有就是它的运行成本十分之低，能轻易的从价格上取胜，但同时也减少了收入。