三种Exchange模式——订阅、路由、通配符模式
一、订阅模式(Fanout Exchange)
一个生产者绑定一个交换机,每个消费者绑定一个队列。生产者将消息通过交换器分发给所有在线的消费者。交换机没有消息存储的能力,只能向当前在线的消费者发送消息。因此未接收到消息的消费者,即使重新连接rabbitmq也无法获取到已发送的消息
示例代码:
生产者:
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public class Send {/size/color
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_fanout";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
// 获取到连接以及mq通道
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
//从连接中创建通道
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明exchange
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
// 消息内容
String message = "商品已经新增,id = 1000";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'");
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
消费者:
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public class Recv {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_fanout_1";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_fanout";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
// 获取到连接以及mq通道
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 绑定队列到交换机
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");
// 同一时刻服务器只会发一条消息给消费者
channel.basicQos(1);
// 定义队列的消费者
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
// 监听队列,手动返回完成
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
// 获取消息
while (true) {
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println(" 前台系统: '" + message + "'");
Thread.sleep(10);
channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
}
二、路由模式(Direct Exchange)
这种模式添加了一个路由键,生产者发布消息的时候添加路由键,消费者绑定队列到交换机时添加键值,这样就可以接收到需要接收的消息。
示例代码:
生产者:
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public class Send {/size/color
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_direct";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
// 获取到连接以及mq通道
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明exchange
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct");
// 消息内容
String message = "删除商品, id = 1001";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "delete", null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'");
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
消费者1:接收更新和删除消息
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public class Recv {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_direct_1";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_direct";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
// 获取到连接以及mq通道
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 绑定队列到交换机
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "update");
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "delete");
// 同一时刻服务器只会发一条消息给消费者
channel.basicQos(1);
// 定义队列的消费者
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
// 监听队列,手动返回完成
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);
// 获取消息
while (true) {
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println(" 前台系统: '" + message + "'");
Thread.sleep(10);
channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
}
消费者2:接收insert,update,delete的消息
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public class Recv2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_direct_2";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_direct";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
// 获取到连接以及mq通道
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 绑定队列到交换机
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "insert");
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "update");
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "delete");
// 同一时刻服务器只会发一条消息给消费者
channel.basicQos(1);
// 定义队列的消费者
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
// 监听队列,手动返回完成
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);
// 获取消息
while (true) {
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println(" 搜索系统: '" + message + "'");
Thread.sleep(10);
channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
}
如果生产者发布了insert消息,那么消费者2可以收到,消费者 1收不到,如果发布了update或者delete消息,两个消费者都可以收到。如果发布ABC消息两个消费者都收不到,因为没有绑定这个键值。这种模式基本满足了我们的需求,但是还不够灵活,下面介绍另外一个模式。
三、通配符模式(Topic Exchange)
基本思想和路由模式是一样的,只不过路由键支持模糊匹配,符号“#”匹配一个或多个词,符号“*”匹配不多不少一个词
示例代码:
生产者:
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public class Send {/size/color
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_topic";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
// 获取到连接以及mq通道
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明exchange
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");
// 消息内容
String message = "删除商品,id = 1001";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "item.delete", null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'");
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
消费者1:
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public class Recv {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_topic_1";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_topic";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
// 获取到连接以及mq通道
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 绑定队列到交换机
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "item.update");
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "item.delete");
// 同一时刻服务器只会发一条消息给消费者
channel.basicQos(1);
// 定义队列的消费者
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
// 监听队列,手动返回完成
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);
// 获取消息
while (true) {
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println(" 前台系统: '" + message + "'");
Thread.sleep(10);
channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
}
消费者2:
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public class Recv2 {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_topic_2";
private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_topic";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
// 获取到连接以及mq通道
Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明队列
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
// 绑定队列到交换机
channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "item.#");
// 同一时刻服务器只会发一条消息给消费者
channel.basicQos(1);
// 定义队列的消费者
QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
// 监听队列,手动返回完成
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, false, consumer);
// 获取消息
while (true) {
QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();
String message = new String(delivery.getBody());
System.out.println(" 搜索系统: '" + message + "'");
Thread.sleep(10);
channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
}
消费者1是按需索取,并没有使用通配符模式,而是用的完全匹配,消费者2使用通配符模式,这样以item.开头的消息都会全部接收。
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