Day 1:Words & Phrases
１.Shake up
a situation in which a lot of changes are made to a company, an organization, etc. in order to improve the way in which it works (机构的)重大调整,重组
• a management shake-up 管理层的大调整
• The government wanted to reform the institutions, to shake up the country.政府想要实施机构改革，整顿国家。
2.Predetermined
If you say that something is predetermined, you mean that its form or nature was decided by previous events or by people rather than by chance. 预定的；预先确定的；预先决定的
• The Prince's destiny was predetermined from the moment of his birth...
从出生的那一刻起，王子的命运就已经被预先决定了。
• The capsules can be made to release the pesticides at a predetermined time. 可以使这些胶囊在预定的时间释放杀虫剂。
3.overdrawn
having taken more money out of your bank account than you have in it
已透支；有透支:
• The account was overdrawn.该帐户已透支。
• Nick's bank sent him a letter saying he was £100 overdrawn.银行致函尼克，称他透支了100英镑。
4. Dire
very serious 极其严重的；危急的
• Such action may have dire consequences. 这种行为可能产生严重后果。
• dire warnings / threats 严重的警告/威胁
5.Unscathed
without injuries or damage being caused 未受伤的，无恙的
• Her husband died in the accident but she, amazingly, escaped unscathed.她丈夫在那次事故中丧命，但她竟奇迹地毫发未损。
• Tony emerged unscathed apart from a severely bruised finger.托尼除了一根手指严重淤青外没有受到其他伤害。
6.Incumbent
a person who has an official position 在职者；现任者
• the present incumbent of the White House 现任美国总统
• In general, incumbents have a 94 per cent chance of being reelected.
通常现任官员有 94% 的几率会再次当选。
7.Resilient
able to feel better quickly after sth unpleasant such as shock, injury, etc. 可迅速恢复的；有适应力的
• He'll get over it—young people are amazingly resilient.
他会克服这些的——年轻人的适应力惊人。
• When the U.S. stock market collapsed in October 1987, the Japanese stock market was the most resilient.
1987年10月美国股市崩盘后，日本股市是反弹最快的。
8.Cumbersome
复杂而低效的 A cumbersome system or process is very complicated and inefficient.
• The proposed regulations are ill-defined and cumbersome and could be unnecessarily costly.
提议的规章制度阐述不清、复杂低效，而且可能会带来不必要的过高花费。
• an old and cumbersome computer system.过时而且低效的计算机系统
9.Kick-start
To kick-start a process that has stopped working or progressing is to take a course of action that will quickly start it going again. 使快速重新启动;使…重新开始
• The President has chosen to kick-start the economy by slashing interest rates.
总统选择通过大幅降低利率来重新拉动经济增长。
• Taxes were drastically cut in an attempt to kick-start the economy.大幅减税以刺激经济增长。
10. Tightened up
If a group, team, or organization tightens up, they make an effort to control what they are doing more closely, in order to become more efficient and successful. 加紧工作;加强管理;严格要求
• I want us to be a bit more sensible this time and tighten up.
我要求我们这次要更加理智、更加严格要求自己。
11. Rock-bottom
the lowest point or level that is possible最低点；最低水平
• Prices hit rock bottom. 价格降到了最低点。
• The marriage had reached rock bottom. 婚姻已经走到了尽头。
12.Resistance
dislike of or opposition to a plan, an idea, etc.; refusal to obey反对；抵制；抗拒:
• As with all new ideas it met with resistance.
和所有的新观念一样,它受到了抵制。
• There has been a lot of resistance to this new law.
这项新的法规已经遇到很多的抵制。
13.Manifest
to show something clearly, through signs or actions 显示；表现；表明
• The workers chose to manifest their dissatisfaction in a series of strikes.工人决定藉一连串罢工来表达他们的不满。
• Lack of confidence in the company manifested itself in a fall in the share price.人们对公司缺乏信心，股价下跌正好显示此情况。
14.Insure
to buy insurance so that you will receive money if your property, car, etc. gets damaged or stolen, or if you get ill / sick or die 投保；给…保险:
• Luckily he had insured himself against long-term illness.
幸运的是,他为自己投保了长期病险。
• Having a lot of children is a way of insuring themselves against loneliness in old age.
养很多孩子是他们预防老年孤寂的一种办法。
15.Water down
If something such as a proposal, speech, or statement is watered down, it is made much weaker and less forceful, or less likely to make people angry. 使(提议、演讲、声明等)语气缓和;使打折扣;削弱
• Proposed legislation affecting women has been watered down.
影响女性的立法提案的措词已经缓和一些了。
16.Interpret
to decide that sth has a particular meaning and to understand it in this way 把…理解为；领会:
• I didn't know whether to interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal.
我不知该把她的沉默看作是接受还是拒绝。
• The data can be interpreted in many different ways.
这份资料可以从多方面解读。
17.Subjective
based on your own ideas or opinions rather than facts and therefore sometimes unfair 主观的(非客观的)
• a highly subjective point of view 非常主观的看法
• Everyone's opinion is bound to be subjective.
每个人的意见都必定是主观的。
18.Arm
a section of a large organization that deals with one particular activity 分部；职能部门
• the research arm of the company 公司的科研部门
• Millicom Holdings is the British arm of an American company.
米雷康姆控股有限公司是一家美国公司在英国的分支机构。
19.Interact
to communicate with sb, especially while you work, play or spend time with them 交流；沟通；合作
• Teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each child.
教师和每个孩子沟通的时间有限。
• While the other children interacted and played together, Ted ignored them.
当别的孩子相互交流、一起玩耍的时候,泰德对他们不予理睬。
20.Mount
to organize and begin an activity or event 组织；发动；开展；举行
• to mount an attack/campaign/challenge/protest发动进攻／开展运动／提出挑战／发起抗议
• to mount an exhibition/display举办展览。
21.Remarkably
used for emphasizing how surprising or unusual something is 非凡；奇异；引人注目
• It is a remarkably noisy and crowded city.这是座非常嘈杂拥挤的城市
• Remarkably, she wasn't hurt in the crash.不可思议的是，她在撞车事故中竟然没有受伤。
22.Handy
useful or convenient 有用的；方便的；便利的
• First-time visitors to France will find this guide particularly handy.初次来法国的游览者会发现这本旅游指南很有用。
• It's a nice house and it's handy for (= near) the station.这座房子很漂亮，离车站也很近。
23.Robust
强健的;健壮的;坚固的;结实的 Someone or something that is robust is very strong or healthy.
• He looks robust and healthy enough.他看起来非常强壮健康。
• a robust economy蓬勃发展的经济
24.Team up
to join another person, or form a group with other people, in order to do something together 结成一队；合作
• They teamed up for a charity performance.他们集合起来，举行了一场义演。
25.Conspicuous
easy to see or notice; likely to attract attention易见的；明显的；惹人注意的:
• Mary's red hair always made her conspicuous at school.
玛丽的红头发在学校里总是很惹眼。
• The event was a conspicuous success (= a very great one).
这项活动至为成功。
26.Consent
permission to do sth, especially given by sb in authority 同意；准许；允许:
• Children under 16 cannot give consent to medical treatment.
16 岁以下的儿童不得自行同意接受治疗。
• The written consent of a parent is required.
要求有家长的书面同意。
27.Conduct
to organize and / or do a particular activity
• 组织；安排；实施；执行
• to conduct an experiment / an inquiry / a survey
进行实验/询问/调查
• The negotiations have been conducted in a positive manner.
已积极进行过谈判。
28.A host of
A host of things is a lot of them.大量;许多
• Today we have radios, TVs, and a whole host of gadgets powered by electricity.
今天我们有收音机、电视机和一大堆小型电器。
29.To date
up to the present moment 迄今为止；到目前为止；直到现在
• To date, we have received over 200 replies.
到目前为止,我们已收到 200 多封回信。
• The exhibition contains some of his best work to date.
这个展览有他迄今为止一些最好的作品。
30.Fintech
Financial technology 金融科技
31.Retail-banking
小额银行业务
32.Physical payment
线下支付
33.Low-value payment
小额支付
34. A person who has recently joined a profession, university, etc.
新职员；新生；新会员；新成员
• new entrants to the school/company学校新生／公司新职员
延伸：
1、Millions of people make formal complaints each year about their banks.
这里注意的是和complaints搭配的是make。另外如果是自己翻肯定会只想到complain，但这里作者是用抱怨的名词加搭配来完成。在翻译时除了想到简单的动词还要多想一层其名词的搭配来丰富句型。
2、For them, Sebastian Siemiat-kowski, founder of Klarna, a Swedish pay-ments startup, brings good news.
比起自己偏向用的who,which从句，这里作者用几个逗号分隔，将定语作为插入语，使句子变得简洁易懂。学会运用标点符号也会让文章句型更简洁清晰。
3、But their reach is more limited elsewhere in Europe.
指业务范围涉及用的是reach这个动词，more是形容词，表示更多的。Elsewhere in Europe表示在欧洲的其他地方。
e.g. They were living rather well, in comparison with people elsewhere in the world.
和世界上其他地方的人相比，他们生活得相当好。
4、Banks, on the other hand, have easy access to transaction data, which they can use to sell their customers other services.
另一方面用on the other hand，在表述两个对象不同情况时会经常用到的短语。
Access的基本义是指通道，通路。这里have easy access to中的access表示(使用或见到的)机会,权利。可应用于很多题材,属于要记住并会运用的重点词。
e.g. Journalists were denied access to the President.
记者被挡住,无法见到总统。
e.g. You need a password to get access to the computer system.
使用这个计算机系统需要口令。
e.g. Students must have access to good resources.
学生必须有机会使用好的信息资源。
5、Provided the customer has given explicit consent, banks will be forced to share customer-account information with licensed financial-ser-vices providers.
这里的Provided表示如果，假如，只要，相当于if， 但感觉更高大，要学起来。
e.g. Provided that you have the money in your account, you can withdraw up to £100 a day. 只要账户存款足够,每天可提取不超过 100 英镑。
还有个与Provided用法相似的词是Given, 表示考虑到，鉴于，相当于considering。
e.g. I am sensible with money, as I have to be, given that I don't earn that much.
考虑到自己挣得不多，我比较精打细算，这也是迫不得已。
6、Those with limited credit his-tories may find it easier to borrow, too, since richer transaction data should mean more sophisticated credit checks.
这里要注意的是自己的习惯总是把Since放在前面作原因状语。而像本文中是先指出情况，再说明情况的原因。从中学会将Since原因状语顺序调换，丰富句型。
Day 2:Translation
1. New European payments regulation has the potential to shake up the banks.
笃师翻：新出台的欧洲支付法规有可能会给银行业带来巨大冲击。
自翻：欧洲新的支付法规带来银行重大调整的机遇。
知识点：Shake up 一般指带来重大改变,Gambition is shaking up the way we study/Technology is shaking up every industry that we can conceive of.
(建议转化为active储备)
差别在于：定语一般要放在名词前面，shake up翻为巨大冲击
2. European rules will open the door to a host of innovative services that analyze transactions.
笃师翻：欧洲法规将给交易分析相关的创新服务带来更多机遇。
自翻：欧洲法规将欢迎提供分析交易的创新的服务商。
知识点：to give someone new opportunities (sometimes + for ) The success of that film opened new doors for him. (sometimes + to ) Early results show that the new system would open doors to disadvantaged people.
差别在于：open the door翻为带来更多机遇
3. Customers need barely ever interact with their bank.
笃师翻：客户几乎都不需要通过银行。
自翻：客户甚至都不用和他们的银行打交道。
知识点：interact表示互动，注意意译
4. European retail banking has been remarkably unscathed by technology-driven disruption.
笃师翻：技术带来的变革对欧洲零售银行业产生的影响微乎其微。
自翻：欧洲零售银行在受到科技冲击下不可思议下的毫发无损。
知识点：disruption真的是时下太过火爆的热词，比较普遍的译法是：颠覆。
5. Fintech companies are beginning to mount a challenge, most conspicuously in the online-payments industry in northern Europe. But their reach is more limited elsewhere in Europe.
笃师翻：互联网金融公司已经开始发起挑战，尤其是在北欧线上支付领域。但对欧洲其他地区的影响则要小得多。
自翻：互联网金融科技公司开始发起挑战，最吸人眼球的是在北欧的在线支付行业，不过他们的业务范围更多局限在欧洲。
知识点：mount a challenge表示不解，记住这个常见搭配，表达的意思就是发起挑战，构成威胁。reach,用作名词时候和influence一个意思,用来表达影响的范围
6. Regulators, however, are about to transform the landscape.
笃师翻：然而，监管部门即将改变这一现状。
自翻：但监管机构打算改变这种形势。
知识点：landscape原意是风景，景色，地貌，此处也是暗喻的用法，衍生为局面，局势。所以哦，衍生意思和原意都有一定联系，大家稍加联想，便不难理解哦。这种用法非常非常普遍，建议内化。Recent electoral shocks have shaken the European political landscape.最近的选举风波震动了欧洲政坛。
7. Banks’ lockhold on payments serves as a handy source of income.
笃师翻：牢牢把控支付领域使得银行轻而易举就能赚钱。
自翻：支付服务作为一项便利的收入来源被银行牢牢掌控
知识点：Lockhold难住了很多同学，这种用法很少见，大家作为被动词汇即可。 lock锁住， hold紧握，加在一起就是牢牢把控的意思，同样需要大家联想体会哦。倒是后面的handy这一形容词值得重视，表示就在手边，方便容易，唾手可得，联想它的原形hand好好体会一下。Eg. Always keep a first-aid kit handy.跟前要常备急救箱/handy little tool好用小工具
8. Resistance is manifested as a concern about data protection. Such concerns are legitimate but also, argue fintech supporters, offer a convenient excuse for banks to block competition.
笃师翻：抗拒源自对数据保护的担忧，这是合情合理的。但互联网金融的支持者们认为，这也是银行抵制竞争的绝佳借口。
自翻：抵制表现为对数据保护的忧虑，这些忧虑是合法的，同时（据金融科技的拥护者辩称）也为银行提供了了一个阻断竞争的借口
9. Yet for all their complaints, customers still trust banks with their money.
笃师翻：尽管客户怨声载道，但他们依然更信任把钱放在银行。
自翻：尽管有着种种抱怨，顾客们依然将自己的钱托付给银行。
知识点：For all 表示尽管，虽然，等于despite. Eg. For all its clarity of style, the book is not easy to read.
Phrases
become overdrawn: 透支
nudge them to save more：鼓励他们增加储蓄，nudge有没有很眼熟？
have easy access to: 便于……
kick-start competition: 引发竞争
give explicit consent：明确同意
one-click bank transfer: 一键转帐
low-value payments: 小额支付
tighten up security: 加强安全
guide them toward: 引导他们…
rich data: 丰富的数据
leave them in a weaker position: 使他们处于不利地位
robust data-protection system: 强大的数据保护系统
insured against losses from fraud: 投保以防欺诈造成的损失
perfect on paper: 理论完美！暗示实际操作起来可能困难重重。
team up with: 与….合作
exploit newcomers’ technology: 利用后来者的技术
Logic Lines
逻辑导图加文章总结：
文章总结可见导图，感觉自己的导图完全按总结做了－ －
Day 3: 总结反思
第二篇文章阅读经验总结：
感觉这次的文章比第一篇要难些，可能是涉及到一些金融方面导致在领会句意时不太到位，看翻译这次也和笃师翻的差异较大。果然还是要在平时多涉猎些报刊，了解些不同知识
阅读有感：
比起上次亚马逊总主题是亚马逊好棒棒，辅以对亚马逊潜在问题的介绍。这篇文章要更难些，因为要描述的对象有三个，分别是互联网金融公司，银行和PSD2法规。在整篇文章中要做到介绍每一项到位又不使其脱离其他概念，文章结构做得很巧妙，要多学习。