【iOS】performSelector详解(上篇)

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performSelector简单使用

iOS中提供了如下几种常用的调用方式:

[self performSelector:@selector(sureTestMethod)];
[self performSelector:@selector(sureTestMethod)
           withObject:params];
[self performSelector:@selector(sureTestMethod)
           withObject:params
           withObject:params2];

iOS动态调用

performSelector可以向一个对象传递任何消息,而不需要在编译的时候声明这些方法,这也是runtime的一种应用方式,所以performSelector和直接调用方法的区别就在与runtime。直接调用编译是会自动校验。如果方法不存在,那么直接调用 在编译时候就能够发现,编译器会直接报错。 但是使用performSelector的话一定是在运行时候才能发现,如果此方法不存在就会崩溃。所以performSelector- (BOOL)respondsToSelector:(SEL)aSelector搭配使用,来在运行时判断对象是否响应此方法。因为此特性,performSelector也广泛用于动态化和组件化的模块中。

SEL selector = @selector(dynamicMethod);
[self performSelector:selector];

如果方法名称也是动态不确定的,会提示如下警告:

⚠️ PerformSelector may cause a leak because its selector is unknown

意为因为当前方法名未知可能会引起内存泄露相关问题。 可以通过如下代码忽略此警告

#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Warc-performSelector-leaks"
    [self performSelector:selector];
#pragma clang diagnostic pop

performSelector默认最多只可传递两个参数,若需多参参考以下方式:
一种是使用NSInvocation,利用了runtime的反射机制,效率较低,可读性不高;
第二种是将参数封装进NSArrayNSDictionary等对象,可读性强,效率高;
第三种是使用objc_msgSend重写performSelector

第一种:NSInvocation

- (id)performSelector:(SEL)selector withObjects:(NSArray *)objects
{
    // 方法签名(方法的描述)
    NSMethodSignature *signature = [[self class] instanceMethodSignatureForSelector:selector];
    if (signature == nil) {
        
        //可以抛出异常也可以不操作。
    }
    
    // NSInvocation : 利用一个NSInvocation对象包装一次方法调用(方法调用者、方法名、方法参数、方法返回值)
    NSInvocation *invocation = [NSInvocation invocationWithMethodSignature:signature];
    invocation.target = self;
    invocation.selector = selector;
    
    // 设置参数
    NSInteger paramsCount = signature.numberOfArguments - 2; // 除self、_cmd以外的参数个数
    paramsCount = MIN(paramsCount, objects.count);
    for (NSInteger i = 0; i < paramsCount; i++) {
        id object = objects[i];
        if ([object isKindOfClass:[NSNull class]]) continue;
        [invocation setArgument:&object atIndex:i + 2];
    }
    
    // 调用方法
    [invocation invoke];
    
    // 获取返回值
    id returnValue = nil;
    if (signature.methodReturnLength) { // 有返回值类型,才去获得返回值
        [invocation getReturnValue:&returnValue];
    }
    
    return returnValue;
}
- (void)test {
    NSString *str = @"字符串";
    NSNumber *num = @20;
    NSArray *arr = @[@"数组值1", @"数组值2"];
    SEL sel = NSSelectorFromString(@"NSInvocationWithString:withNum:withArray:");
    NSArray *objs = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:str, num, arr, nil];
    
    [self performSelector:sel withObjects:objs];
}

- (void)NSInvocationWithString:(NSString *)string withNum:(NSNumber *)number withArray:(NSArray *)array {
    NSLog(@"%@, %@, %@", string, number, array[0]);
}

第二种:省略...

第三种:objc_msgSend

- (void)test {
    NSString *str = @"字符串objc_msgSend";
    NSNumber *num = @20;
    NSArray *arr = @[@"数组值1", @"数组值2"];
    SEL sel = NSSelectorFromString(@"ObjcMsgSendWithString:withNum:withArray:");
    
    ((void (*) (id, SEL, NSString *, NSNumber *, NSArray *)) objc_msgSend) (self, sel, str, num, arr);
}
- (void)ObjcMsgSendWithString:(NSString *)string withNum:(NSNumber *)number withArray:(NSArray *)array {
    NSLog(@"%@, %@, %@", string, number, array[0]);
}

如果参数中有结构体怎么办?

可以把结构体转换成对象。

typedef struct ParameterStruct{
    int a;
    int b;
}MyStruct;

- (void)test {
    
    NSString *str = @"字符串 把结构体转换为对象";
    NSNumber *num = @20;
    NSArray *arr = @[@"数组值1", @"数组值2"];
    
    MyStruct mystruct = {10,20};
    NSValue *value = [NSValue valueWithBytes:&mystruct objCType:@encode(MyStruct)];
    
    SEL sel = NSSelectorFromString(@"NSInvocationWithString:withNum:withArray:withValue:");
    NSArray *objs = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:str, num, arr, value,nil];
    
    [self performSelector:sel withObjects:objs]; // 同第一种方法
}

- (void)NSInvocationWithString:(NSString *)string withNum:(NSNumber *)number withArray:(NSArray *)array withValue:(NSValue *)value{
    
    MyStruct struceBack;
    [value getValue:&struceBack];
    
    NSLog(@"%@, %@, %@, %d", string, number, array[0],struceBack.a);
}

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